四川盆地元坝地区茅口组台缘浅滩天然气勘探的突破与启示
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摘要
2018年,元坝地区元坝7井在中二叠统茅口组钻遇台缘浅滩储层并获得高产工业气流,取得了四川盆地茅口组台缘高能相带新领域油气勘探的重大突破。为了进一步深化对于茅口组的地质认识,在分析区域构造运动的基础上,利用岩石矿物学等手段,结合地震剖面精细解剖成果,研究了茅口组的岩性、厚度、古地貌、地震反射结构,明确其沉积相展布;利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜及物性分析等资料研究了茅口组储层的特征及控制因素,并初步确定其天然气成因与来源、盖层特征及天然气成藏的主要控制因素。研究结果表明:①元坝地区受茅口晚期峨眉地裂运动的影响,发育碳酸盐岩台缘—斜坡—陆棚沉积相带,台缘发育高能浅滩碳酸盐岩和沉凝灰岩两类储层;②茅口组储层的发育主要受台缘相带、暴露溶蚀、东吴运动抬升和火山灰沉积蚀变作用等的联合控制;③四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩天然气勘探潜力大,台缘相带是大中型气田发育的有利区域。结论认为,加强地质研究、创新地质认识是油气勘探取得突破的基础,发展面向储层识别的地震勘探关键技术是高效勘探获得成功的保障。
In 2018, Well Yuanba 7 drilled into the platform margin shoal reservoir of the Middle Permian Maokou Fm in the Yuanba area of the Sichuan Basin and a high-yield industrial gas flow was obtained, indicating a great breakthrough of oil and gas exploration in the new field of high-energy platform marginal facies belt of the Maokou Fm in the Sichuan Basin. In order to deepen the geological understanding on the Maokou Fm, this paper analyzed the regional tectonic movement. Then, the lithology, thickness, paleogeomorphology and seismic reflection structure of the Maokou Fm were studied by means of petrology and mineralogy based on fine seismic interpretation results, and the distribution of sedimentary facies was defined. Finally, the reservoir characteristics and control factors of the Maokou Fm were researched by means of core observation, thin section analysis, SEM analysis and physical property analysis. What's more, the origins and sources of natural gas, the characteristics of caprocks and the main control factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Maokou Fm were preliminarily determined. And the following research results were obtained. First, due to the effect of the Emei taphrogenic movement in the late Maokou period, the sedimentary facies belt of carbonate platform margin–slope–continental shelf is developed in the Yuanba area, and two types of reservoirs are developed at the platform margin, i.e., high-energy shoal carbonate and sedimentary tuff.Second, the development of Maokou Fm reservoir is mainly under the joint control of platform marginal facies belt, exposed dissolution,the Dongwu movement uplift and volcanic ash sedimentary alteration. Third, in the Sichuan basin, marine carbonate rocks have great exploration potential of natural gas, and the platform marginal facies belt is a favorable area for the development of large-and medium-sized gas fields. In conclusion, strengthening geological research and innovating geological cognition are the foundation of exploration breakthrough, and developing key seismic exploration technology for reservoir identification is the guarantee of efficient exploration.
In 2018, Well Yuanba 7 drilled into the platform margin shoal reservoir of the Middle Permian Maokou Fm in the Yuanba area of the Sichuan Basin and a high-yield industrial gas flow was obtained, indicating a great breakthrough of oil and gas exploration in the new field of high-energy platform marginal facies belt of the Maokou Fm in the Sichuan Basin. In order to deepen the geological understanding on the Maokou Fm, this paper analyzed the regional tectonic movement. Then, the lithology, thickness, paleogeomorphology and seismic reflection structure of the Maokou Fm were studied by means of petrology and mineralogy based on fine seismic interpretation results, and the distribution of sedimentary facies was defined. Finally, the reservoir characteristics and control factors of the Maokou Fm were researched by means of core observation, thin section analysis, SEM analysis and physical property analysis. What's more, the origins and sources of natural gas, the characteristics of caprocks and the main control factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Maokou Fm were preliminarily determined. And the following research results were obtained. First, due to the effect of the Emei taphrogenic movement in the late Maokou period, the sedimentary facies belt of carbonate platform margin–slope–continental shelf is developed in the Yuanba area, and two types of reservoirs are developed at the platform margin, i.e., high-energy shoal carbonate and sedimentary tuff.Second, the development of Maokou Fm reservoir is mainly under the joint control of platform marginal facies belt, exposed dissolution,the Dongwu movement uplift and volcanic ash sedimentary alteration. Third, in the Sichuan basin, marine carbonate rocks have great exploration potential of natural gas, and the platform marginal facies belt is a favorable area for the development of large-and medium-sized gas fields. In conclusion, strengthening geological research and innovating geological cognition are the foundation of exploration breakthrough, and developing key seismic exploration technology for reservoir identification is the guarantee of efficient exploration.
引文
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[11]赵宗举,周慧,陈轩,刘银河,张运波,刘玉娥,等.四川盆地及邻区二叠纪层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):59-62.Zhao Zongju,Zhou Hui,Chen Xuan,Liu Yinhe,Zhang Yunbo,Liu Yu'e,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and favorable exploration zones of the Permian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):59-62.
[12]胡明毅,胡忠贵,魏国齐,杨威,刘满仓.四川盆地茅口组层序岩相古地理特征及储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):35-50.Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei&Liu Mancang.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and reservoir prediction of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):35-50.
[13]胡东风.川东北元坝地区隐蔽气藏的勘探突破及其意义[J].天然气工业,2010,30(8):9-12.Hu Dongfeng.An exploration breakthrough of subtle gas reservoirs in the Yuanba area of the northern Sichuan Basin and its significance[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(8):9-12.
[14]胡东风.普光气田与元坝气田礁滩储层特征的差异性及其成因[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):17-21.Hu Dongfeng.Differences in reef-bank reservoir features between Puguang and Yuanba Gas Fields and their reasons[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):17-21.
[15]蔡希源,郭旭升,何治亮,付孝悦,刘光祥.四川盆地天然气动态成藏[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Cai Xiyuan,Guo Xusheng,He Zhiliang,Fu Xiaoyue&Liu Guangxiang.Gas dynamic reservoir forming in Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[16]段金宝,彭劲.四川盆地东北部元坝地区下三叠统飞仙关组层序-沉积相特征[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(2):47-53.Duan Jinbao&Peng Jin.Lower Triassic Feixianguan stratigraphical sequences and sedimentary facies characteristics in Yuanba area in the Northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(2):47-53.
[17]郭旭升,黄仁春,付孝悦,段金宝.四川盆地二叠系和三叠系礁滩天然气富集规律与勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):295-302.Guo Xusheng,Huang Renchun,Fu Xiaoyue&Duan Jinbao.Gas accumulation and exploration direction of the Permian and Triassic reservoirs of reef-bank facies in Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):295-302.
[18]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣.元坝气田长兴组-飞仙关组礁滩相储层特征和形成机理[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1001-1011.Ma Yongsheng,Cai Xunyu&Zhao Peirong.Characteristics and formation mechanisms of reef-shoal carbonate reservoirs of Changxing-Feixianguang formations,Yuanba Gas Field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1001-1011.
[19]郭彤楼.元坝深层礁滩气田基本特征与成藏主控因素[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):12-16.Guo Tonglou.Basic characteristics of deep reef-bank reservoirs and major controlling factors of gas pools in the Yuanba Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):12-16.
[20]郑志红,李登华,白森舒,贾君,昝昕,刘卓亚,等.四川盆地天然气资源潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(3):12-20.Zheng Zhihong,Li Denghua,Bai Senshu,Jia Jun,Zan Xin,Liu Zhuoya,et al.Resource potentials of natural gas in Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(3):12-20.
[21]梅仕龙,金玉玕,Wardlaw BR.四川宣汉渡口二叠纪“孤峰组”牙形石序列及其全球对比意义[J].古生物学报,1994,33(1):1-14.Mei Shilong,Jin Yugan&Wardlaw BR.Succession of conodont zones from the Permian"Kuhfeng"Formation,Xuanhan,Sichuan and its implication in global correlation[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,1994,33(1):1-14.
[22]郭旭升,郭彤楼,黄仁春,陈祖庆.普光-元坝大型气田储层发育特征与预测技术[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(10):82-90.Guo Xusheng,Guo Tonglou,Huang Renchun&Chen Zuqing.Reservoir development characteristics and predication technologies of large Puguang-Yuanba Gas Field[J].Engineering Science,2010,12(10):82-90.
[2]郭旭升,李宇平,魏全超.川东南地区茅口组古岩溶发育特征及勘探领域[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(6):1-8.Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping&Wei Quanchao.Palaeokarst reservoirs and exploration areas of Maokou Formation in the Southeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(6):1-8.
[3]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,池英柳,杨雨,鲁卫华,等.四川盆地茅口组风化壳岩溶古地貌及勘探选区[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):950-960.Jiang Qingchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,Chi Yingliu,Yang Yu,Lu Weihua,et al.Paleokarst landform of the weathering crust of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin and selection of exploration regions[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):950-960.
[4]洪海涛,杨雨,刘鑫,陈文,夏茂龙,张静,等.四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩储层特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):64-73.Hong Haitao,Yang Yu,Liu Xin,Chen Wen,Xia Maolong,Zhang Jing,et al.The characteristics and development law of marine carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):64-73.
[5]戴永定,李菊英,蒋协光,赵生才,侯奎,黄华樑,等.四川盆地南部二叠系茅口组碳酸岩岩石学与储集性质[J].地质科学,1978,13(3):203-219.Dai Yongding,Li Juying,Jiang Xieguang,Zhao Shengcai,Hou Kui,Huang Hualiang,et al.Petrography of carbonate rocks from the Permian Maokou Formation and their reservoir properties in Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1978,13(3):203-219.
[6]余波,赵泽君.四川盆地北部阆中地区茅口组缝洞型储层特征[J].西部探矿工程,2011,23(3):59-62.Yu Bo&Zhao Zejun.Characteristics of the fracture-vug reservoir in the Maokou Formation,Langzhong areas,Northern Sichuan Basin[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2011,23(3):59-62.
[7]汪泽成,江青春,黄士鹏,周慧,冯庆付,戴晓峰,等.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气大面积成藏的地质条件[J].天然气工业,2018,38(1):30-38.Wang Zecheng,Jiang Qingchun,Huang Shipeng,Zhou Hui,Feng Qingfu,Dai Xiaofeng,et al.Geological conditions for massive accumulation of natural gas in the Mid-Permian Maokou Fm of the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(1):30-38.
[8]孟伟.碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油气藏勘探开发关键技术——以塔河油田为例[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(4):48-53.Meng Wei.The key technologies for exploration and development of fractured/caverned Karst reservoirs:A case of Tahe Oil Field,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(4):48-53.
[9]张健,周刚,张光荣,李国辉,汪华.四川盆地中二叠统天然气地质特征与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2018,38(1):10-19.Zhang Jian,Zhou Gang,Zhang Guangrong,Li Guohui&Wang Hua.Geological characteristics and exploration orientation of Mid-Permian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(1):10-19.
[10]陈宗清.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(5):1-11.Chen Zongqing.Exploration for natural gas in Middle Permian Maokou Formation of Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007,12(5):1-11.
[11]赵宗举,周慧,陈轩,刘银河,张运波,刘玉娥,等.四川盆地及邻区二叠纪层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):59-62.Zhao Zongju,Zhou Hui,Chen Xuan,Liu Yinhe,Zhang Yunbo,Liu Yu'e,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and favorable exploration zones of the Permian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):59-62.
[12]胡明毅,胡忠贵,魏国齐,杨威,刘满仓.四川盆地茅口组层序岩相古地理特征及储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):35-50.Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei&Liu Mancang.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and reservoir prediction of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):35-50.
[13]胡东风.川东北元坝地区隐蔽气藏的勘探突破及其意义[J].天然气工业,2010,30(8):9-12.Hu Dongfeng.An exploration breakthrough of subtle gas reservoirs in the Yuanba area of the northern Sichuan Basin and its significance[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(8):9-12.
[14]胡东风.普光气田与元坝气田礁滩储层特征的差异性及其成因[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):17-21.Hu Dongfeng.Differences in reef-bank reservoir features between Puguang and Yuanba Gas Fields and their reasons[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):17-21.
[15]蔡希源,郭旭升,何治亮,付孝悦,刘光祥.四川盆地天然气动态成藏[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Cai Xiyuan,Guo Xusheng,He Zhiliang,Fu Xiaoyue&Liu Guangxiang.Gas dynamic reservoir forming in Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[16]段金宝,彭劲.四川盆地东北部元坝地区下三叠统飞仙关组层序-沉积相特征[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(2):47-53.Duan Jinbao&Peng Jin.Lower Triassic Feixianguan stratigraphical sequences and sedimentary facies characteristics in Yuanba area in the Northeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(2):47-53.
[17]郭旭升,黄仁春,付孝悦,段金宝.四川盆地二叠系和三叠系礁滩天然气富集规律与勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):295-302.Guo Xusheng,Huang Renchun,Fu Xiaoyue&Duan Jinbao.Gas accumulation and exploration direction of the Permian and Triassic reservoirs of reef-bank facies in Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):295-302.
[18]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣.元坝气田长兴组-飞仙关组礁滩相储层特征和形成机理[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1001-1011.Ma Yongsheng,Cai Xunyu&Zhao Peirong.Characteristics and formation mechanisms of reef-shoal carbonate reservoirs of Changxing-Feixianguang formations,Yuanba Gas Field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1001-1011.
[19]郭彤楼.元坝深层礁滩气田基本特征与成藏主控因素[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):12-16.Guo Tonglou.Basic characteristics of deep reef-bank reservoirs and major controlling factors of gas pools in the Yuanba Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):12-16.
[20]郑志红,李登华,白森舒,贾君,昝昕,刘卓亚,等.四川盆地天然气资源潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(3):12-20.Zheng Zhihong,Li Denghua,Bai Senshu,Jia Jun,Zan Xin,Liu Zhuoya,et al.Resource potentials of natural gas in Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(3):12-20.
[21]梅仕龙,金玉玕,Wardlaw BR.四川宣汉渡口二叠纪“孤峰组”牙形石序列及其全球对比意义[J].古生物学报,1994,33(1):1-14.Mei Shilong,Jin Yugan&Wardlaw BR.Succession of conodont zones from the Permian"Kuhfeng"Formation,Xuanhan,Sichuan and its implication in global correlation[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,1994,33(1):1-14.
[22]郭旭升,郭彤楼,黄仁春,陈祖庆.普光-元坝大型气田储层发育特征与预测技术[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(10):82-90.Guo Xusheng,Guo Tonglou,Huang Renchun&Chen Zuqing.Reservoir development characteristics and predication technologies of large Puguang-Yuanba Gas Field[J].Engineering Science,2010,12(10):82-90.
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