永兴岛及周边海域1989-2014年生态环境质量评价
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摘要
本文以1989-2014年间6期遥感影像为数据源,基于土地利用分类体系,提取研究区海岛及周边海域的土地利用信息,建立海岛生态环境质量评价模型,对研究区海岛的总体环境质量及空间分异进行综合评价,分析了影响海岛生态环境质量的驱动力因素。评价结果表明,永兴岛人为开发活动较强烈,建有机场、码头、防波堤等人工设施,岛内房屋建筑设施较多;1989-2014年间永兴岛及周边海域总体生态环境质量等级由良转为一般,生态环境质量有所下降;其中1989-2013年生态环境质量不断下降,特别是2012年三沙市建市后下降明显,但到2014年生态环境质量又有所恢复。永兴岛石岛生态环境质量变化的驱动力主要是人类的社会活动,基础设施建设、填海造地不可避免地会造成生态环境质量的破坏,但是随着人们环保意识的加强,对破坏的生态环境进行修复以及建设过程中尽量减少对生态环境的影响,使2014年生态环境质量有了稍许的改善。
Based on 6 issues of the remote sensing images of 1989-2014, and the land use classification system, this paper extracted the land use information from the Yongxing Island and its surrounding sea area, and established the island eco-environment quality evaluation model. The overall environmental quality and spatial differentiation of the island were evaluated comprehensively, and the driving forces which affected the island eco-environment quality were analyzed. The evaluation result shows that the Yongxing Island was strongly affected by human development activities, such as artificial facilities including airport, wharf, breakwater, house building and so on. During 1989-2014, the total eco-environmental quality grade changed from good to general, and the ecological environment quality presented the trend of declining. From1989 to 2013, the ecological environment quality continued to decline, especially obvious in 2012 after the Yongxing Island was built as the capital of Sansha City. But the quality of the ecological environment had been restored to some extent in 2014.The main driving force of eco-environmental quality changes is human social activities. Infrastructure construction and reclamation will inevitably result in the destruction of ecological environment quality. However, with the environmental awareness raising of the community, the progress of ecological environment restoration and the lower impact on ecological environment during constructive engineering, the quality of the ecological environment has been slightly improved in 2014.
Based on 6 issues of the remote sensing images of 1989-2014, and the land use classification system, this paper extracted the land use information from the Yongxing Island and its surrounding sea area, and established the island eco-environment quality evaluation model. The overall environmental quality and spatial differentiation of the island were evaluated comprehensively, and the driving forces which affected the island eco-environment quality were analyzed. The evaluation result shows that the Yongxing Island was strongly affected by human development activities, such as artificial facilities including airport, wharf, breakwater, house building and so on. During 1989-2014, the total eco-environmental quality grade changed from good to general, and the ecological environment quality presented the trend of declining. From1989 to 2013, the ecological environment quality continued to decline, especially obvious in 2012 after the Yongxing Island was built as the capital of Sansha City. But the quality of the ecological environment had been restored to some extent in 2014.The main driving force of eco-environmental quality changes is human social activities. Infrastructure construction and reclamation will inevitably result in the destruction of ecological environment quality. However, with the environmental awareness raising of the community, the progress of ecological environment restoration and the lower impact on ecological environment during constructive engineering, the quality of the ecological environment has been slightly improved in 2014.
引文
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Lin T,Xue X Z,Shi L Y,et al,2013.Urban spatial expansion and its impacts on island ecosystem services and landscape pattern:A case study of the island city of Xiamen,Southeast China.Ocean and Coastal Management,(3):90-96.
陈涛,徐瑶,2006.基于RS和GIS的四川生态环境质量评价.西华师范大学学报:自然科学版,27(2):153-157.
付小艳,陈婕,王占岐,2007.土地利用变化的驱动力分析.安徽农业科学,(3):253-255.
环境保护部,2015.生态环境状况评价技术规范.HJ192-2015.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
吉伟伦,宁凌,2018.“美丽中国”视阈下海洋利用系统健康状况评价---以广东省为例.海洋通报,(12):659-666.
贾文娟,2012.永定河流域(河北-北京段）土地利用及生态环境质量评价.北京:北京林业大学.
冷悦山,孙书贤,王宗灵,等,2008.海岛生态环境的脆弱性分析与调控对策.海岸工程,(6):58-64.
李雪瑞,2010.天津市土地利用变化与城市扩展研究.北京:北京林业大学.
李颖虹,黄小平,岳维忠,2004.西沙永兴岛环境质量状况及管理对策.海洋环境科学,(3):44-56.
廖彬彬,蔡永立,谢长坤,等,2013.南海永兴岛珊瑚岛礁生境格局动态研究.海洋环境科学,(10):746-751.
刘纪远,1996.中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究.北京:中国科学出版社,9-10.
马良,2016.美丽的三沙.新产经,(3):40-41.
宁书年,1995.遥感图像处理与应用.北京:地震出版社,238-267.
索安宁,赵冬至,张丰收,等,2010.海域使用格局卫星遥感监测与评价---以葫芦岛试验区为例.海洋通报,(2):6-11.
王璐,2007.生态环境质量评价方法的综述.科技信息(科学教研）,(35):413-415.
王泉斌,王晶,张志卫,等,2018.无居民海岛旅游开发过程中的景观格局变化分析---以菩提岛为例.海洋通报,(6):353-359.
王小丹,方成,康慧,等,2014.曹妃甸地区潮间带演变的遥感监测.海洋通报,(10):559-565.
邬莉莎,2012.基于“3S”技术的成都市主城区城市生态环境质量状况初步研究.成都:成都理工大学,69.
徐燕,周华荣,2003.初论我国生态环境质量评价研究进展.干旱区地理,(2):166-172.
颜长珍,冯毓荪,王建华,等,1999.西北地区土地资源类型TM影像解译标志的建立.中国沙漠,19(3):206-209.
姚晓静,高义,杜云艳,等,2013.基于遥感技术的近30a海南岛海岸线时空变化.自然资源学报,(1):114-125.
袁敏杰,李伟芳,江汪齐,等,2018.基于遥感和GIS的舟山岛岸线资源时空变迁及其利用演进研究.海洋通报,(6):335-344.
张晓萍,2014.基于遥感的舟山群岛生态环境监测及评价研究.武汉:武汉大学.
赵焕庭,宋朝景,余克服,等,1994.西沙群岛永兴岛和石岛的自然与开发.海洋通报,(5):44-56.
赵磊,陈焕伟,徐振君,等,2007.基于GIS的北京市不同地类规模分布特征分析.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版）,(3):97-102.
朱圆甜,2007.区域土地利用变化及驱动力研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.
庄大方,刘纪远,1997.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究.自然资源学报,35-41.
Eliazbeth R S,2000.Smith.An overview of EPA's Regional Vulnerability Assessment(REVA)Program.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,64:9-15.
Lin T,Xue X Z,Shi L Y,et al,2013.Urban spatial expansion and its impacts on island ecosystem services and landscape pattern:A case study of the island city of Xiamen,Southeast China.Ocean and Coastal Management,(3):90-96.
陈涛,徐瑶,2006.基于RS和GIS的四川生态环境质量评价.西华师范大学学报:自然科学版,27(2):153-157.
付小艳,陈婕,王占岐,2007.土地利用变化的驱动力分析.安徽农业科学,(3):253-255.
环境保护部,2015.生态环境状况评价技术规范.HJ192-2015.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
吉伟伦,宁凌,2018.“美丽中国”视阈下海洋利用系统健康状况评价---以广东省为例.海洋通报,(12):659-666.
贾文娟,2012.永定河流域(河北-北京段）土地利用及生态环境质量评价.北京:北京林业大学.
冷悦山,孙书贤,王宗灵,等,2008.海岛生态环境的脆弱性分析与调控对策.海岸工程,(6):58-64.
李雪瑞,2010.天津市土地利用变化与城市扩展研究.北京:北京林业大学.
李颖虹,黄小平,岳维忠,2004.西沙永兴岛环境质量状况及管理对策.海洋环境科学,(3):44-56.
廖彬彬,蔡永立,谢长坤,等,2013.南海永兴岛珊瑚岛礁生境格局动态研究.海洋环境科学,(10):746-751.
刘纪远,1996.中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究.北京:中国科学出版社,9-10.
马良,2016.美丽的三沙.新产经,(3):40-41.
宁书年,1995.遥感图像处理与应用.北京:地震出版社,238-267.
索安宁,赵冬至,张丰收,等,2010.海域使用格局卫星遥感监测与评价---以葫芦岛试验区为例.海洋通报,(2):6-11.
王璐,2007.生态环境质量评价方法的综述.科技信息(科学教研）,(35):413-415.
王泉斌,王晶,张志卫,等,2018.无居民海岛旅游开发过程中的景观格局变化分析---以菩提岛为例.海洋通报,(6):353-359.
王小丹,方成,康慧,等,2014.曹妃甸地区潮间带演变的遥感监测.海洋通报,(10):559-565.
邬莉莎,2012.基于“3S”技术的成都市主城区城市生态环境质量状况初步研究.成都:成都理工大学,69.
徐燕,周华荣,2003.初论我国生态环境质量评价研究进展.干旱区地理,(2):166-172.
颜长珍,冯毓荪,王建华,等,1999.西北地区土地资源类型TM影像解译标志的建立.中国沙漠,19(3):206-209.
姚晓静,高义,杜云艳,等,2013.基于遥感技术的近30a海南岛海岸线时空变化.自然资源学报,(1):114-125.
袁敏杰,李伟芳,江汪齐,等,2018.基于遥感和GIS的舟山岛岸线资源时空变迁及其利用演进研究.海洋通报,(6):335-344.
张晓萍,2014.基于遥感的舟山群岛生态环境监测及评价研究.武汉:武汉大学.
赵焕庭,宋朝景,余克服,等,1994.西沙群岛永兴岛和石岛的自然与开发.海洋通报,(5):44-56.
赵磊,陈焕伟,徐振君,等,2007.基于GIS的北京市不同地类规模分布特征分析.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版）,(3):97-102.
朱圆甜,2007.区域土地利用变化及驱动力研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.
庄大方,刘纪远,1997.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究.自然资源学报,35-41.