复合冻融与淋洗方法修复重金属污染黏性土的研究
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摘要
土壤淋洗被认为是一种高效、可广泛应用和彻底治理重金属土壤污染的方法,但因黏质土壤的低渗透性、较大颗粒比表面积对重金属离子所具有的强烈吸附作用,影响水或淋洗剂在土壤中的混合传质,导致淋洗效果不佳。利用人工冻结方法,通过未冻土侧水分向冻结锋面迁移和冻融循环重构土粒结构提高渗透性的原理,再结合化学淋洗方法,对铅、镉污染的黏性土壤进行了修复试验。结果表明,土体经反复冻融后会破坏土体颗粒原有结构,从而有助于淋洗液与污染物充分接触,因而提高了淋洗效率,为利用自然冷能对季冻区重金属污染土壤修复提供了思路。
Soil washing is considered as an efficient and widely applicable technology for the thorough treatment of heavy metal pollution in soils.However,due to the low permeability of clayey soils,the large particle specific surface area strongly adsorbs ions,affecting the mixing and mass transfer of water or washing agent in the soils,thus reducing the washing efficiency.Using the artificial freezing method,and adopting the principles of the unfrozen soil moisture migrating to freezing front side and the freeze-thaw cycle for improving permeability combined with the chemical leaching method,remediation experiments on clayey soils contaminated with lead and cadmium are carried out.The results show that the soils after repeated freeze-thaw will destroy the original structure of soil particles,which will help the full contact with the washing agent and contaminants,thus improving the efficiency of the washing,which provides a good idea for using natural cool energy to repair heavily metal-contaminated seasonal frozen soils.
Soil washing is considered as an efficient and widely applicable technology for the thorough treatment of heavy metal pollution in soils.However,due to the low permeability of clayey soils,the large particle specific surface area strongly adsorbs ions,affecting the mixing and mass transfer of water or washing agent in the soils,thus reducing the washing efficiency.Using the artificial freezing method,and adopting the principles of the unfrozen soil moisture migrating to freezing front side and the freeze-thaw cycle for improving permeability combined with the chemical leaching method,remediation experiments on clayey soils contaminated with lead and cadmium are carried out.The results show that the soils after repeated freeze-thaw will destroy the original structure of soil particles,which will help the full contact with the washing agent and contaminants,thus improving the efficiency of the washing,which provides a good idea for using natural cool energy to repair heavily metal-contaminated seasonal frozen soils.
引文
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[18]王平,李江山,薛强.淋洗剂乙二胺四乙酸对重金属污染土工程特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):1033-1040.(WANG Ping,LI Jang-shan,XUE Qiang.Impaction of EDTA on the engineering properties of heavy metal contaminated soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(4):1033-1040.(in Chinese))
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[20]GUILLAUME G,AZOUNI M A.Remediation by artificial cooling of dilute clay suspensions contaminated by heavy metals[J].Polar Record,2001,37:257-263.
[21]芮大虎,张军,武迎飞,等.冻融作用下特定污染物的清洗试验研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2017,39(4):69-75.(RUI Da-hu,ZHANG Jun,WU Ying-fei,et al.Flushing remediation with specific pollutants based on freezing and thawing[J].Journal of Civil,Architectrual&Environment Engineering,2017,39(4):69-75.(in Chinese))
[22]RUI D H,SONG B Y,ITO Y,et al.Study of polluted soil remediation based on freezing and thawing cycles[J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,2014,6(4):322-330.
[23]刘振亚,刘建坤,李旭,等.非饱和粉质黏土冻结温度和冻结变形特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(8):1381-1387.(LIU Zhen-ya,LIU Jian-kun,LI Xu,et al.Experimental study on freezing point and deformation characteristics of unsaturated silty clay subjected to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(8):1381-1387.(in Chinese))
[24]TAKASHI T,OHRAI T,YAMAMOTO H.Decrease of frost heave amount by increasing the viscosity of pore water[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1980,298:77-85.(in Japanese)
[25]杨冰凡,胡鹏杰,李柱,等.重金属高污染农田土壤EDTA淋洗条件初探[J].土壤,2013,45(5):928-932.(YANG Bing-fan,HU Peng-jie,LI Zhu,et al.Preliminary study on EDTA washing conditions of heavy metal contaminated farmland[J].Soil,2013,45(5):928-932.(in Chinese))
[26]陈晓婷,王欣,陈新.几种螯合剂对污染土壤的重金属提取效率的研究[J].环境科技,2005,18(2):9-10.(CHEN Xiao-ting,WANG Xin,CHEN Xin.Study on the exaction efficiency of heavy metals by chelates[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,18(2):9-10.(in Chinese))
[27]ANDRADE M D,PRASHER S O,HENDERSHOT W H.Optimizing the molarity of a EDTA washing solution for saturated-soil remediation of trace metal contaminated soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,147(3):781-790.
[2]DUAN Q,LEE J,LIU Y,et al.Distribution of heavy metal pollution in surface soil samples in China:a graphical review[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2016,97(3):303-309.
[3]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):315-320.(ZHOU Jian-jun,ZHOU Jie,FENG Ren-guo.Status of China's heavy metal contamination in soil and its remediation strategy[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014,29(3):315-320.(in Chinese))
[4]PARIA S,YUET P K.Solidification-stabilization of organic and inorganic contaminants using portland cement[J].Environmental Reviews,2006,14(4):217-255.
[5]夏威夷,魏明俐,杜延军,等.有机物污染场地浅层异位固化稳定化试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(3):510-517.(XIA Wei-yi,WEI Ming-li,DU Yan-jun,et al.Experimental study on ex-situ S/S for shallow soil of organically contaminated site[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(3):510-517.(in Chinese))
[6]GRIFFITHS R A.Soil-washing technology and practice[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1995,40(2):175-189.
[7]REED B E,CARRIERE P C,THOMPSON J C,et al.Electronic(EK)remediation of a contaminated soil at several Pb concentrations and applied voltages[J].Journal of Soil Contamination,1996,5(2):95-120.
[8]CHANG B V,CHIANG B W,YUAN S Y.Biodegradation of nonylphenol in soil[J].Chemosphere,2007,66(6):1857-1862.
[9]FEDJE K K,LI Y,STROMVALL A M.Remediation of metal polluted hotspot areas through enhanced soil washingevaluation of washing methods[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,128(20):489-496.
[10]DERMONT G,BERGERON M,MERCIER G,et al.Soil washing for metal removal:a review of physical/chemical technologies and field applications[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(1):1-31.
[11]MULLIGAN C N,YONG R N,GIBBS B F.Surfactant enhanced remediation of contaminated soil:a review[J].Engineering geology,200l,60(1/2/3/4):371-380.
[12]KUHLMAN M I,GREENFIELD T M.Simplified soil washing processes for a variety of soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1999,66(1/2):31-45.
[13]SEMER R,REDDY K R.Evaluation of soil washing process to remove mixed contaminants from a sandy loam[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1996,45(1):45-57.
[14]陈瑞杰,程国栋,李述训,等.人工地层冻结应用研究进展和展望[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):40-44.(CHENRui-jie,CHENG Guo-dong,LI Shu-xun,et al.Progress and prospect on applying freezing method to artificial stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(1):40-44.(in Chinese))
[15]QI J L,MA W,SONG C X.Influence of freeze-thaw on engineering properties of a silty soil[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2008,53(3):397-404.
[16]JEZ E,LESTAN D.EDTA retention and emissions from remediated soil[J].Chemosphere,2016,151:202-209.
[17]ZHANG W H,TSANG D C W,LO I M C.Removal of Pb by EDTA-washing in the presence of hydrophobic organic contaminants or anionic surfactant[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,155(3):433-439.
[18]王平,李江山,薛强.淋洗剂乙二胺四乙酸对重金属污染土工程特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):1033-1040.(WANG Ping,LI Jang-shan,XUE Qiang.Impaction of EDTA on the engineering properties of heavy metal contaminated soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(4):1033-1040.(in Chinese))
[19]JEAN SORO L,BORDAS F,BOLLINGER J C.Column washing of chromium and nickel from a contaminated soil using EDTA and citric acid[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,164(1):175-181.
[20]GUILLAUME G,AZOUNI M A.Remediation by artificial cooling of dilute clay suspensions contaminated by heavy metals[J].Polar Record,2001,37:257-263.
[21]芮大虎,张军,武迎飞,等.冻融作用下特定污染物的清洗试验研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2017,39(4):69-75.(RUI Da-hu,ZHANG Jun,WU Ying-fei,et al.Flushing remediation with specific pollutants based on freezing and thawing[J].Journal of Civil,Architectrual&Environment Engineering,2017,39(4):69-75.(in Chinese))
[22]RUI D H,SONG B Y,ITO Y,et al.Study of polluted soil remediation based on freezing and thawing cycles[J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,2014,6(4):322-330.
[23]刘振亚,刘建坤,李旭,等.非饱和粉质黏土冻结温度和冻结变形特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(8):1381-1387.(LIU Zhen-ya,LIU Jian-kun,LI Xu,et al.Experimental study on freezing point and deformation characteristics of unsaturated silty clay subjected to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(8):1381-1387.(in Chinese))
[24]TAKASHI T,OHRAI T,YAMAMOTO H.Decrease of frost heave amount by increasing the viscosity of pore water[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1980,298:77-85.(in Japanese)
[25]杨冰凡,胡鹏杰,李柱,等.重金属高污染农田土壤EDTA淋洗条件初探[J].土壤,2013,45(5):928-932.(YANG Bing-fan,HU Peng-jie,LI Zhu,et al.Preliminary study on EDTA washing conditions of heavy metal contaminated farmland[J].Soil,2013,45(5):928-932.(in Chinese))
[26]陈晓婷,王欣,陈新.几种螯合剂对污染土壤的重金属提取效率的研究[J].环境科技,2005,18(2):9-10.(CHEN Xiao-ting,WANG Xin,CHEN Xin.Study on the exaction efficiency of heavy metals by chelates[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,18(2):9-10.(in Chinese))
[27]ANDRADE M D,PRASHER S O,HENDERSHOT W H.Optimizing the molarity of a EDTA washing solution for saturated-soil remediation of trace metal contaminated soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,147(3):781-790.
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