黔西北土法炼锌废渣堆场修复植物叶片和废渣的生态化学计量特征
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摘要
为探讨土法炼锌废渣堆场实现生态修复后废渣-植物系统中植物内稳性以及不同植被类型与氮磷限制的关系,选择黔西北威宁县猴场镇已开展生态修复达4年的土法炼锌废渣堆场为研究区域,以废渣堆场上生长良好的5种优势乔灌草植物即构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)、大叶醉鱼草(Buddleja davidii)、芦竹(Arundo donax)、三叶草(Trifolium repens L)为研究对象,研究5种优势植物在铅锌废渣堆场中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)的生态化学计量特征及其相互关系。结果表明:不同优势植物修复的废渣中C、N含量较高,P、K含量较低,三叶草废渣中N、P含量显著高于其他植物(p<0. 05),有效氮、有效磷与速效钾表现为三叶草废渣较高,柳杉较低;各元素化学计量特征表现为C∶P>C∶K>C∶N>N∶P>N∶K>P∶K,三叶草废渣中N∶K、P∶K显著高于其余四种植物。5种植物叶片中N含量整体较低,草本植物三叶草N、P、K含量明显高于其余几种植物;通过叶片N∶P分析表明,除三叶草生长受P限制,其余4种植物生长都受N限制。废渣与植物叶片中养分含量间的相关性表明,植物叶片中N、P、K含量分别与废渣中有效态养分(N、P、K)含量呈显著正相关(p<0. 05)。除叶片N∶P与废渣中有效态养分(N、P、K)含量呈正相关外,叶片中其余元素间的化学计量比均与废渣中有效态养分(N、P、K)含量呈负相关,其中叶片C∶K、P∶K与废渣中有效态养分(N、P、K)含量呈极显著负相关(p<0. 01)。因此,废渣中N、P、K的有效性显著影响着植物叶片中N、P、K的含量及生态化学计量特征。
The study aimed to investigate the plant internal stability and the relationship between vegetation type and restriction of nitrogen and phosphorus in the waste slag-plant system of revegetated zinc smelting waste slag yards,a zinc smelting waste slag yard,which had been revegetated plants for 4 years in Monkey Town,Weining County,northwestern Guizhou,was selected as the study area,and five dominant plants( Broussonetia papyrifera,Cryptomeria fortunei,Buddleja davidii,Arundo donax,Trifolium repens L),which grew well at the waste slag yard,were selected as the study objects. The eco-stoichiometric characteristics of carbon( C),nitrogen( N),phosphorus( P) and potassium( K) in these five dominant plants at the zinc smelting waste slag yard were studied. The results showed that contents of C and N in waste residues repaired by different dominant plants were relatively higher,while contents of P and K were relatively lower. The contents of N and P were significantly higher in slags restored by Trifolium repens L than by other plants( p <0. 05). The available contents of N,P and K were higher in slags restored by Trifolium repens L,and lower in slags restored by Broussonetia papyrifera. The stoichiometric characteristics of elements were C ∶P>C ∶K>C ∶N>N ∶P>N ∶K>P ∶K. The N ∶K and P ∶K ratios were significantly higher in slags restored by Trifolium repens L than by other four plants. The N content was lower overall. The contents of N,P and K were significantly higher in Trifolium repens L than in other plants. The N ∶P ratio in leaves indicated that the plant growth was restricted by N except Trifolium repens Lwhich was restricted by P. The correlations among nutrients in waste slags and in plant leaves indicated that contents of N,P and K in leaves significantly and positively correlated with their availabilities in slags( p<0. 05),and that,except the ratio of N ∶P in leaves which was positively correlated with the available contents of nutrient( N,P,and K),stoichiometric ratios of nutrient elements in leaves were negatively correlated with the available contents of nutrients( N,P and K),specially ratios of C ∶K and P ∶K in leaves which were negatively correlated with the available contents of nutrients( N,P,and K) very significantly( p<0. 01). Therefore,we concluded that contents of nutrients( N,P and K) and their ecological stoichiometry in plant leaves were affected significantly by available contents of nutrients in waste slags of the study site.
The study aimed to investigate the plant internal stability and the relationship between vegetation type and restriction of nitrogen and phosphorus in the waste slag-plant system of revegetated zinc smelting waste slag yards,a zinc smelting waste slag yard,which had been revegetated plants for 4 years in Monkey Town,Weining County,northwestern Guizhou,was selected as the study area,and five dominant plants( Broussonetia papyrifera,Cryptomeria fortunei,Buddleja davidii,Arundo donax,Trifolium repens L),which grew well at the waste slag yard,were selected as the study objects. The eco-stoichiometric characteristics of carbon( C),nitrogen( N),phosphorus( P) and potassium( K) in these five dominant plants at the zinc smelting waste slag yard were studied. The results showed that contents of C and N in waste residues repaired by different dominant plants were relatively higher,while contents of P and K were relatively lower. The contents of N and P were significantly higher in slags restored by Trifolium repens L than by other plants( p <0. 05). The available contents of N,P and K were higher in slags restored by Trifolium repens L,and lower in slags restored by Broussonetia papyrifera. The stoichiometric characteristics of elements were C ∶P>C ∶K>C ∶N>N ∶P>N ∶K>P ∶K. The N ∶K and P ∶K ratios were significantly higher in slags restored by Trifolium repens L than by other four plants. The N content was lower overall. The contents of N,P and K were significantly higher in Trifolium repens L than in other plants. The N ∶P ratio in leaves indicated that the plant growth was restricted by N except Trifolium repens Lwhich was restricted by P. The correlations among nutrients in waste slags and in plant leaves indicated that contents of N,P and K in leaves significantly and positively correlated with their availabilities in slags( p<0. 05),and that,except the ratio of N ∶P in leaves which was positively correlated with the available contents of nutrient( N,P,and K),stoichiometric ratios of nutrient elements in leaves were negatively correlated with the available contents of nutrients( N,P and K),specially ratios of C ∶K and P ∶K in leaves which were negatively correlated with the available contents of nutrients( N,P,and K) very significantly( p<0. 01). Therefore,we concluded that contents of nutrients( N,P and K) and their ecological stoichiometry in plant leaves were affected significantly by available contents of nutrients in waste slags of the study site.
引文
[1]程滨,赵永军,张文光,等.生态化学计量学研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,20(6):1628-1637.
[2] Agren G I. Stoichiometry and nutrition of plant growth in natural communities[J]. Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematic,2008,39:153-170.
[3]项文化,黄志宏,闫文德,等.森林生态系统碳氮循环功能耦合研究综述[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2365-2372.
[4] Rong Q Q,Liu J T,Cai Y P,et al. Leaf carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Tamarix chinensis Lour. in the Laizhou Bay coastal wetland,China[J]. Ecological Engineering,2015,76:57-65.
[5] Agren G I. The C:N:P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations[J]. Ecology Letters,2004,7:185-191.
[6]林文杰.土法炼锌区生态退化与重金属污染[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):149-153.
[7]吴攀,刘丛强,杨元根,等.炼锌废渣中重金属Pb、Zn的矿物学特征[J].矿物学报,2002,22(1):39-42.
[8]吴攀,刘丛强,杨元根,等.土法炼锌废渣堆中的重金属及其释放规律[J].中国环境科学,2002,22(2):14-18.
[9]骆永明.金属污染土壤的植物修复[J].土壤,1999,31(5):261-265.
[10]刘庆,吴晓芙,陈永华,等.铅锌矿区的植物修复研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(5):110-114.
[11]张亚冰,吕文强,易武英.等.贵州月亮山5种森林类型土壤生态化学计量特征研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2016,24(6):617-625.
[12]王振南.黄土高原雨养农区不同时间尺度苜蓿草地C、N、P生态化学计量特征研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.
[13] Han W X,Fang J Y,Reich P B,et al. Biogeography and variability of eleven mineral elements in plant leaves across gradients of climate,soil and plant functional type in China[J]. Ecology Letters,2011,14(8):788-796.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.第三版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[15]邢容容,吴永贵,罗有发,等.先锋修复植物对土法炼锌废渣基质养分及微生物学特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(5):103-111.
[16] Tian H Q,Chen G S,Zhang C,et al. Pattern and variation of C∶N∶P ratios in China’s soils:A synthesis of observational data[J]. Biogeochemistry,2010,98:139-151.
[17]曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,等.桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(7):682-693.
[18] Batjes N H. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65(1):10-21.
[19]俞月凤,彭晚霞,宋同清.等.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同森林类型植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):947-954.
[20] Cheng M,An S S. Responses of soil nitrogen,phosphorous and organic matter to vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Arid Land,2015. 7(2):216-223.
[21] Wang Y P,Shen Z J,Zhang Z. Phosphorus speciation and nutrient stoichiometry in the soil-plant system during primary ecological restoration of Copper Mine Tailings[J]. Pedosphere,2018,28(3):530–541.
[22]苗淑杰,乔云发,周连仁.大豆在利用不同氮源时对土壤磷形态和有效性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):83-86,139.
[23]王璐,喻阳华,邢容容,等.喀斯特高原山地区主要人工林土壤生态化学计量特征[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(8):1388-1394.
[24] Shivaprasad C R,Niranjana K V,Dhanorkar B A,et al. Available potassium status of major soils of Karnataka[J]. Journal of Potassium Research,1995. 11:219-227.
[25]张晗,赵小敏,欧阳真程,等.江西省不同农田利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):53-60.
[26] Cleveland C C,Liptzin D. C∶N∶P stoichiometry in soil:Is there a“Redfield ratio”for the microbial biomass[J]. Biogeochemistry,2007,85(3):235-252.
[27]吴鹏.茂兰喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中植物叶片-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征研究[D].北京,中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[28]陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[29]刘鸿雁,邢丹,肖玖军,等.铅锌矿渣场植被自然演替与基质的交互效应[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3217-3224.
[30] He J S,Wang L,Flynn D F,et al. Leaf nitrogen:Phosphorus stoichiometry across Chinese grassland biomes[J]. Oecologia,2008,155(2):301-310.
[31] Wardle D A,Walker L R,Bardgett RD. Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences[J]. Science,2004,305(5683):509-513.
[32]王璐,喻阳华,邢容容,等.喀斯特高寒干旱区不同经济树种的碳氮磷钾生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):5393-5403
[33]朱恕英,严令斌,皮发剑,等.喀斯特区次生林土壤和优势树种叶片的化学计量特征及季节变化[J].南方农业学报,2019,50(1):90-96.
[34]王凯博,上官周平.黄土丘陵区燕沟流域典型植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):4985-4991.
[35]马任甜,方瑛,安韶山,等.黑岱沟露天煤矿优势植物叶片及枯落物生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(4):1003-1013.
[36]李鑫,曾全超,安韶山,等.黄土高原纸坊沟流域不同植物叶片及枯落物的生态化学计量学特征研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1084-1091.
[37] Rivas-Ubach A,Sardans J,Perez-Trujillo M,et al. Strong relationship between elemental stoichiometry and metabolome in plants[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109:4181-4186.
[38] Koerselman W,Meuleman A F M. The vegetation N∶P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J]. Journal of applied Ecology,1996,33(6):1441-1450.
[39]陶冶,张元明.古尔班通古特沙漠4种草本植物叶片与土壤的化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):659-665.
[40]李从娟,雷加强,徐新文,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工植被及土壤CNP的化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5760-5767.
[2] Agren G I. Stoichiometry and nutrition of plant growth in natural communities[J]. Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematic,2008,39:153-170.
[3]项文化,黄志宏,闫文德,等.森林生态系统碳氮循环功能耦合研究综述[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2365-2372.
[4] Rong Q Q,Liu J T,Cai Y P,et al. Leaf carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Tamarix chinensis Lour. in the Laizhou Bay coastal wetland,China[J]. Ecological Engineering,2015,76:57-65.
[5] Agren G I. The C:N:P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations[J]. Ecology Letters,2004,7:185-191.
[6]林文杰.土法炼锌区生态退化与重金属污染[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):149-153.
[7]吴攀,刘丛强,杨元根,等.炼锌废渣中重金属Pb、Zn的矿物学特征[J].矿物学报,2002,22(1):39-42.
[8]吴攀,刘丛强,杨元根,等.土法炼锌废渣堆中的重金属及其释放规律[J].中国环境科学,2002,22(2):14-18.
[9]骆永明.金属污染土壤的植物修复[J].土壤,1999,31(5):261-265.
[10]刘庆,吴晓芙,陈永华,等.铅锌矿区的植物修复研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(5):110-114.
[11]张亚冰,吕文强,易武英.等.贵州月亮山5种森林类型土壤生态化学计量特征研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2016,24(6):617-625.
[12]王振南.黄土高原雨养农区不同时间尺度苜蓿草地C、N、P生态化学计量特征研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.
[13] Han W X,Fang J Y,Reich P B,et al. Biogeography and variability of eleven mineral elements in plant leaves across gradients of climate,soil and plant functional type in China[J]. Ecology Letters,2011,14(8):788-796.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.第三版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[15]邢容容,吴永贵,罗有发,等.先锋修复植物对土法炼锌废渣基质养分及微生物学特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(5):103-111.
[16] Tian H Q,Chen G S,Zhang C,et al. Pattern and variation of C∶N∶P ratios in China’s soils:A synthesis of observational data[J]. Biogeochemistry,2010,98:139-151.
[17]曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,等.桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(7):682-693.
[18] Batjes N H. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65(1):10-21.
[19]俞月凤,彭晚霞,宋同清.等.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同森林类型植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):947-954.
[20] Cheng M,An S S. Responses of soil nitrogen,phosphorous and organic matter to vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Arid Land,2015. 7(2):216-223.
[21] Wang Y P,Shen Z J,Zhang Z. Phosphorus speciation and nutrient stoichiometry in the soil-plant system during primary ecological restoration of Copper Mine Tailings[J]. Pedosphere,2018,28(3):530–541.
[22]苗淑杰,乔云发,周连仁.大豆在利用不同氮源时对土壤磷形态和有效性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):83-86,139.
[23]王璐,喻阳华,邢容容,等.喀斯特高原山地区主要人工林土壤生态化学计量特征[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(8):1388-1394.
[24] Shivaprasad C R,Niranjana K V,Dhanorkar B A,et al. Available potassium status of major soils of Karnataka[J]. Journal of Potassium Research,1995. 11:219-227.
[25]张晗,赵小敏,欧阳真程,等.江西省不同农田利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):53-60.
[26] Cleveland C C,Liptzin D. C∶N∶P stoichiometry in soil:Is there a“Redfield ratio”for the microbial biomass[J]. Biogeochemistry,2007,85(3):235-252.
[27]吴鹏.茂兰喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中植物叶片-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征研究[D].北京,中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[28]陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[29]刘鸿雁,邢丹,肖玖军,等.铅锌矿渣场植被自然演替与基质的交互效应[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3217-3224.
[30] He J S,Wang L,Flynn D F,et al. Leaf nitrogen:Phosphorus stoichiometry across Chinese grassland biomes[J]. Oecologia,2008,155(2):301-310.
[31] Wardle D A,Walker L R,Bardgett RD. Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences[J]. Science,2004,305(5683):509-513.
[32]王璐,喻阳华,邢容容,等.喀斯特高寒干旱区不同经济树种的碳氮磷钾生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):5393-5403
[33]朱恕英,严令斌,皮发剑,等.喀斯特区次生林土壤和优势树种叶片的化学计量特征及季节变化[J].南方农业学报,2019,50(1):90-96.
[34]王凯博,上官周平.黄土丘陵区燕沟流域典型植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):4985-4991.
[35]马任甜,方瑛,安韶山,等.黑岱沟露天煤矿优势植物叶片及枯落物生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(4):1003-1013.
[36]李鑫,曾全超,安韶山,等.黄土高原纸坊沟流域不同植物叶片及枯落物的生态化学计量学特征研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1084-1091.
[37] Rivas-Ubach A,Sardans J,Perez-Trujillo M,et al. Strong relationship between elemental stoichiometry and metabolome in plants[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109:4181-4186.
[38] Koerselman W,Meuleman A F M. The vegetation N∶P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J]. Journal of applied Ecology,1996,33(6):1441-1450.
[39]陶冶,张元明.古尔班通古特沙漠4种草本植物叶片与土壤的化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):659-665.
[40]李从娟,雷加强,徐新文,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工植被及土壤CNP的化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5760-5767.
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