高、低Cd积累水稻和小麦籽粒中Cu、Zn的富集特性
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摘要
Cu、Zn含量过低不仅直接关系到稻麦植物的生长发育和籽粒的营养品质,而且与人类的饮食健康密切相关。采集我国水稻优势产区典型土壤,选择Cd高、低积累性明显不同的水稻和小麦品种各2个,通过温室盆栽试验研究稻-麦轮作体系下植物可食部分Cu、Zn吸收性差异。结果表明,高、低Cd积累水稻糙米Cu平均含量分别为5.07和5.75 mg·kg~(-1),Zn平均含量分别为42.10和33.60 mg·kg~(-1),品种间差异显著(P<0.05);高、低Cd积累小麦籽粒Cu平均含量分别为4.37和4.94 mg·kg~(-1),Zn平均含量分别为34.40和35.40 mg·kg~(-1),差异不显著。高、低Cd积累小麦籽粒Cu、Zn含量差异不显著,可能与小麦籽粒Cu、Zn变异系数大多属于强变异有关。稻麦籽粒对Zn的富集系数均高于Cu;对于东北地区土壤,高和低Cd积累水稻糙米Cu、Zn富集系数分别为0.31、0.73和0.41、0.64,而高和低Cd积累小麦Cu、Zn富集系数分别为0.19、0.44和0.22、0.42,即糙米Cu、Zn富集能力显著高于小麦。因此,与小麦相比,在北方种植水稻能更有效地提高Cu、Zn在作物中的富集。上述结果表明,从稻麦的安全品质和营养品质方面考虑,种植高、低Cd积累稻麦不会导致Cu、Zn含量过低而引起营养失衡。
Low contents of copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) in rice and wheat grains will affect not only plant growth and grain nutritional value but also the suitability of the grains in human diet. A pot experiment was conducted using selected typical paddy soils in the dominant rice producing areas of China to study the differences in Cu and Zn uptake in rice-wheat rotation systems with two cultivars of rice and of wheat with contrasting cadmium(Cd) accumulation capacities. There were significant differences in the average concentrations of Cu and Zn in high and low Cd accumulating rice cultivars, with Cu concentrations of 5.07 and 5.75 mg·kg~(-1) and Zn concentrations of 42.10 and 33.60 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the average Cu and Zn concentrations in the high and low Cd accumulation wheat cultivars, with 4.37 and 4.94 mg·kg~(-1) Cu and 34.40 and 35.40 mg·kg~(-1) Zn, respectively. Summarizing the previous results, the differences in high and low Cd accumulation in wheat were not significantly related to the large differences in Cu and Zn in the wheat grains. The Zn bio-concentration factors(BCF) of rice and wheat were higher than those of Cu. The Cu and Zn BCF of high and low Cd accumulation rice cultivars grown in soils from northeast China were 0.31 and 0.73, and 0.41 and 0.64, respectively. However, the Cu and Zn BCF of the high and low Cd accumulation wheat cultivars were only 0.19 and 0.44, and 0.22 and 0.42, respectively. Growing rice in the northern region can therefore increase the enrichment of Cu and Zn in rice more effectively than in wheat. These results indicate that, in terms of the safety and nutritional quality of rice and wheat, planting high and low Cd accumulating rice and wheat will not result in Cu and Zn nutrient imbalance.
Low contents of copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) in rice and wheat grains will affect not only plant growth and grain nutritional value but also the suitability of the grains in human diet. A pot experiment was conducted using selected typical paddy soils in the dominant rice producing areas of China to study the differences in Cu and Zn uptake in rice-wheat rotation systems with two cultivars of rice and of wheat with contrasting cadmium(Cd) accumulation capacities. There were significant differences in the average concentrations of Cu and Zn in high and low Cd accumulating rice cultivars, with Cu concentrations of 5.07 and 5.75 mg·kg~(-1) and Zn concentrations of 42.10 and 33.60 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the average Cu and Zn concentrations in the high and low Cd accumulation wheat cultivars, with 4.37 and 4.94 mg·kg~(-1) Cu and 34.40 and 35.40 mg·kg~(-1) Zn, respectively. Summarizing the previous results, the differences in high and low Cd accumulation in wheat were not significantly related to the large differences in Cu and Zn in the wheat grains. The Zn bio-concentration factors(BCF) of rice and wheat were higher than those of Cu. The Cu and Zn BCF of high and low Cd accumulation rice cultivars grown in soils from northeast China were 0.31 and 0.73, and 0.41 and 0.64, respectively. However, the Cu and Zn BCF of the high and low Cd accumulation wheat cultivars were only 0.19 and 0.44, and 0.22 and 0.42, respectively. Growing rice in the northern region can therefore increase the enrichment of Cu and Zn in rice more effectively than in wheat. These results indicate that, in terms of the safety and nutritional quality of rice and wheat, planting high and low Cd accumulating rice and wheat will not result in Cu and Zn nutrient imbalance.
引文
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[3] GRAHAM R D,SENADHIRA D,ORTIZ-MONASTERIO I.A Strategy for Breeding Staple-Food Crops With High Micronutrient Density[M]//Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment.Netherlands:Springer,1997:1153-1157.
[4] MA G S,JIN Y,LI Y P,et al.Iron and Zinc Deficiencies in China:What Is a Feasible and Cost-Effective Strategy?[J].Public Health Nutrition,2008,11(6):632-638.
[5] 孙明茂,洪夏铁,李圭星,等.水稻籽粒微量元素含量的遗传研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(10):1947-1955.[SUN Ming-mao,HONG Ha-choel,LEE Kyu-seong,et al.Progress of Genetic Research on Trace Minerals Content in Rice Seed[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(10):1947-1955.]
[6] 魏孝荣,郝明德,邵明安.黄土高原旱地长期种植作物对土壤微量元素形态和有效性的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3196-3203.[WEI Xiao-rong,HAO Ming-de,SHAO Ming-an.Effects of Long-Term Cropping on the Forms and Availability of Micronutrients in Dryland Soils on the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(12):3196-3203.]
[7] BATTEN G D.Concentrations of Elements in Wheat Grains Grown in Australia,North-America,and the United-Kingdom[J].Australian Journal Experimental Agriculture,1994,34(1):51-56.
[8] GRANT C A,CLARKE J M,DUGUID S,et al.Selection and Breeding of Plant Cultivars to Minimize Cadmium Accumulation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,390(2/3):301-310.
[9] 范中亮,季辉,杨菲,等.不同土壤类型下Cd和Pb在水稻籽粒中累积特征及其环境安全临界值[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(4):792-797.[FAN Zhong-liang,JI Hui,YANG Fei,et al.Accumulation Characteristics of Cd and Pb in Rice Grain and Their Security Threshold Values in Paddy Field Under Different Soil Types[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(4):792-797.]
[10] 李欣阳,龙坚,王树兵,等.典型土壤双季稻对Cd吸收累积差异[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):406-414.[LI Xin-yang,LONG Jian,WANG Shu-bing,et al.Differences in Cd Accumulation in Typical Soils Under the Double Rice System[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):406-414.]
[11] LIU X L,ZHANG S Z.Intraspecific Differences in Effects of Co-Contamination of Cadmium and Arsenate on Early Seedling Growth and Metal Uptake by Wheat[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(10):1221-1227.
[12] YAN J L,WANG P T,WANG P,et al.A Loss-of-Function Allele of OsHMA3 Associated With High Cadmium Accumulation in Shoots and Grain of Japonica Rice Cultivars[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2016,39(9):1941-1954.
[13] 熊孜,李菊梅,赵会薇,等.不同小麦品种对大田中低量镉富集及转运研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):36-44.[XIONG Zi,LI Ju-mei,ZHAO Hui-wei,et al.Accumulation and Translocation of Cadmium in Different Wheat Cultivars in Farmland[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(1):36-44.]
[14] 朱宇恩,赵烨,李强,等.北京城郊污灌土壤-小麦(Triticum aestivum)体系重金属潜在健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):263-270.[ZHU Yu-en,ZHAO Ye,LI Qiang,et al.Potential Influences of Heavy Metal in "Soil-Wheat (Triticum aestivum)" System on Human Health:A Case Study of Sewage Irrigation Area in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(2):263-270.]
[15] 常旭虹,赵广才,王德梅,等.生态环境与施氮量协同对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):885-895.[CHANG Xu-hong,ZHAO Guang-cai,WANG De-mei,et al.Effects of Ecological Environment and Nitrogen Application Rate on Microelement Contents of Wheat Grain[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(4):885-895.]
[16] 姜丽娜,蒿宝珍,张黛静,等.小麦籽粒Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量的基因型和环境差异及与产量关系的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(5):982-987.[JIANG Li-na,HAO Bao-zhen,ZHANG Dai-jing,et al.Genotypic and Environment Differences in Grain Contents of Zn,Fe,Mn and Cu and How They Relate to Wheat Yield[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(5):982-987.]
[17] 俄胜哲.攀西地区稻米中微量元素含量变异及影响因素初探[D].成都:四川农业大学,2005.[E Sheng-zhe.Primary Study on Variation and Influenced Factor of Rice Mineral Elements Content in Panxi Regions[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2005.]
[18] OURY F X,LEENHARDT F,RéMéSY C,et al.Genetic Variability and Stability of Grain Magnesium,Zinc and Iron Concentrations in Bread Wheat[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2006,25(2):177-185.
[19] 唐海明,汤文光,肖小平,等.冬种黑麦草对6种水稻土重金属含量及晚稻不同器官重金属累积与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(6):1121-1126.[TANG Hai-ming,TANG Wen-guang,XIAO Xiao-ping,et al.Effects of Winter Ryegrass Planting on Soil Heavy Metal Content and Accumulation and Distribution in Different Organs of Late Rice in Six Paddy Soils[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(6):1121-1126.]
[20] YE C,LI S Y,ZHANG Y L,et al.Assessing Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Water-Level-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,191(1/2/3):366-372.
[21] HAO R J,LI Z P,CHE Y P.Differences in Organic C Mineralization Between Aerobic and Submerged Conditions in Paddy Soils of Southern Jiangsu Province,China[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2011,10(9):1410-1418.
[22] 徐照丽,吴玉萍,杨宇虹,等.烤烟中Cu Zn Mn交互作用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1162-1166.[XU Zhao-li,WU Yu-ping,YANG Yu-hong,et al.Interaction Among Cu,Zn and Mn in Flue-Cured Tobacco[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2006,25(5):1162-1166.]
[23] GRANT C A,BAULEY L D.Effects of Phosphorus and Zinc Fertiliser Management on Cadmium Accumulation in Flaxseed[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,1997,73(3):307-314.
[24] 郭俊娒,杨俊兴,杨军,等.Cd、Zn交互作用对三七景天根系形态和重金属吸收积累的影响[J].环境科学,2019,40(1):470-479.[GUO Jun-mei,YANG Jun-xing,YANG Jun,et al.Interaction of Cd and Zn Affecting the Root Morphology and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Sedum aizoon[J].Environmental Science,2019,40(1):470-479.]
[25] 周启星,高拯民.作物籽实中Cd与Zn的交互作用及其机理的研究[J].农业环境保护,1994,13(4):148-151,93.[ZHOU Qi-xing,GAO Zheng-min.Interaction Between Cd and Zn in Seeds of Crops and Its Mechanisms[J].Agro-Environmental Protection,1994,13(4):148-151,93.]
[26] 殷敬峰,李华兴,卢维盛,等.不同品种水稻糙米对Cd Cu Zn积累特性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(5):844-850.[YIN Jing-feng,LI Hua-xing,LU Wei-sheng,et al.Variations of Cd,Cu,Zn Accumulation Among Rice Cultivars[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(5):844-850.]
[27] 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表(第一册)[M].2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:25-27.[National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety,China CDC.China Food Composition(Book 1)[M].2th ed.Peking:Peking University Medical Press,2009:25-27.]
[2] SHANKER A H,PRASAD A S.Zinc and Immune Function:The Biological Basis of Altered Resistance to Infection[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1998,68(Suppl.2):447S-463S.
[3] GRAHAM R D,SENADHIRA D,ORTIZ-MONASTERIO I.A Strategy for Breeding Staple-Food Crops With High Micronutrient Density[M]//Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment.Netherlands:Springer,1997:1153-1157.
[4] MA G S,JIN Y,LI Y P,et al.Iron and Zinc Deficiencies in China:What Is a Feasible and Cost-Effective Strategy?[J].Public Health Nutrition,2008,11(6):632-638.
[5] 孙明茂,洪夏铁,李圭星,等.水稻籽粒微量元素含量的遗传研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(10):1947-1955.[SUN Ming-mao,HONG Ha-choel,LEE Kyu-seong,et al.Progress of Genetic Research on Trace Minerals Content in Rice Seed[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(10):1947-1955.]
[6] 魏孝荣,郝明德,邵明安.黄土高原旱地长期种植作物对土壤微量元素形态和有效性的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3196-3203.[WEI Xiao-rong,HAO Ming-de,SHAO Ming-an.Effects of Long-Term Cropping on the Forms and Availability of Micronutrients in Dryland Soils on the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(12):3196-3203.]
[7] BATTEN G D.Concentrations of Elements in Wheat Grains Grown in Australia,North-America,and the United-Kingdom[J].Australian Journal Experimental Agriculture,1994,34(1):51-56.
[8] GRANT C A,CLARKE J M,DUGUID S,et al.Selection and Breeding of Plant Cultivars to Minimize Cadmium Accumulation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,390(2/3):301-310.
[9] 范中亮,季辉,杨菲,等.不同土壤类型下Cd和Pb在水稻籽粒中累积特征及其环境安全临界值[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(4):792-797.[FAN Zhong-liang,JI Hui,YANG Fei,et al.Accumulation Characteristics of Cd and Pb in Rice Grain and Their Security Threshold Values in Paddy Field Under Different Soil Types[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(4):792-797.]
[10] 李欣阳,龙坚,王树兵,等.典型土壤双季稻对Cd吸收累积差异[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):406-414.[LI Xin-yang,LONG Jian,WANG Shu-bing,et al.Differences in Cd Accumulation in Typical Soils Under the Double Rice System[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):406-414.]
[11] LIU X L,ZHANG S Z.Intraspecific Differences in Effects of Co-Contamination of Cadmium and Arsenate on Early Seedling Growth and Metal Uptake by Wheat[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(10):1221-1227.
[12] YAN J L,WANG P T,WANG P,et al.A Loss-of-Function Allele of OsHMA3 Associated With High Cadmium Accumulation in Shoots and Grain of Japonica Rice Cultivars[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2016,39(9):1941-1954.
[13] 熊孜,李菊梅,赵会薇,等.不同小麦品种对大田中低量镉富集及转运研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):36-44.[XIONG Zi,LI Ju-mei,ZHAO Hui-wei,et al.Accumulation and Translocation of Cadmium in Different Wheat Cultivars in Farmland[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(1):36-44.]
[14] 朱宇恩,赵烨,李强,等.北京城郊污灌土壤-小麦(Triticum aestivum)体系重金属潜在健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):263-270.[ZHU Yu-en,ZHAO Ye,LI Qiang,et al.Potential Influences of Heavy Metal in "Soil-Wheat (Triticum aestivum)" System on Human Health:A Case Study of Sewage Irrigation Area in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(2):263-270.]
[15] 常旭虹,赵广才,王德梅,等.生态环境与施氮量协同对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):885-895.[CHANG Xu-hong,ZHAO Guang-cai,WANG De-mei,et al.Effects of Ecological Environment and Nitrogen Application Rate on Microelement Contents of Wheat Grain[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(4):885-895.]
[16] 姜丽娜,蒿宝珍,张黛静,等.小麦籽粒Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量的基因型和环境差异及与产量关系的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(5):982-987.[JIANG Li-na,HAO Bao-zhen,ZHANG Dai-jing,et al.Genotypic and Environment Differences in Grain Contents of Zn,Fe,Mn and Cu and How They Relate to Wheat Yield[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(5):982-987.]
[17] 俄胜哲.攀西地区稻米中微量元素含量变异及影响因素初探[D].成都:四川农业大学,2005.[E Sheng-zhe.Primary Study on Variation and Influenced Factor of Rice Mineral Elements Content in Panxi Regions[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2005.]
[18] OURY F X,LEENHARDT F,RéMéSY C,et al.Genetic Variability and Stability of Grain Magnesium,Zinc and Iron Concentrations in Bread Wheat[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2006,25(2):177-185.
[19] 唐海明,汤文光,肖小平,等.冬种黑麦草对6种水稻土重金属含量及晚稻不同器官重金属累积与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(6):1121-1126.[TANG Hai-ming,TANG Wen-guang,XIAO Xiao-ping,et al.Effects of Winter Ryegrass Planting on Soil Heavy Metal Content and Accumulation and Distribution in Different Organs of Late Rice in Six Paddy Soils[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(6):1121-1126.]
[20] YE C,LI S Y,ZHANG Y L,et al.Assessing Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Water-Level-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,191(1/2/3):366-372.
[21] HAO R J,LI Z P,CHE Y P.Differences in Organic C Mineralization Between Aerobic and Submerged Conditions in Paddy Soils of Southern Jiangsu Province,China[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2011,10(9):1410-1418.
[22] 徐照丽,吴玉萍,杨宇虹,等.烤烟中Cu Zn Mn交互作用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1162-1166.[XU Zhao-li,WU Yu-ping,YANG Yu-hong,et al.Interaction Among Cu,Zn and Mn in Flue-Cured Tobacco[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2006,25(5):1162-1166.]
[23] GRANT C A,BAULEY L D.Effects of Phosphorus and Zinc Fertiliser Management on Cadmium Accumulation in Flaxseed[J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,1997,73(3):307-314.
[24] 郭俊娒,杨俊兴,杨军,等.Cd、Zn交互作用对三七景天根系形态和重金属吸收积累的影响[J].环境科学,2019,40(1):470-479.[GUO Jun-mei,YANG Jun-xing,YANG Jun,et al.Interaction of Cd and Zn Affecting the Root Morphology and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Sedum aizoon[J].Environmental Science,2019,40(1):470-479.]
[25] 周启星,高拯民.作物籽实中Cd与Zn的交互作用及其机理的研究[J].农业环境保护,1994,13(4):148-151,93.[ZHOU Qi-xing,GAO Zheng-min.Interaction Between Cd and Zn in Seeds of Crops and Its Mechanisms[J].Agro-Environmental Protection,1994,13(4):148-151,93.]
[26] 殷敬峰,李华兴,卢维盛,等.不同品种水稻糙米对Cd Cu Zn积累特性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(5):844-850.[YIN Jing-feng,LI Hua-xing,LU Wei-sheng,et al.Variations of Cd,Cu,Zn Accumulation Among Rice Cultivars[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(5):844-850.]
[27] 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表(第一册)[M].2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:25-27.[National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety,China CDC.China Food Composition(Book 1)[M].2th ed.Peking:Peking University Medical Press,2009:25-27.]