Quantitative indicative significance of pollen assemblages on vegetation coverage in deciduous Quercus forest in the central Loess Plateau, China
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摘要
We compared the pollen assemblages of surface moss samples and corresponding vegetation inventory data from 34 sites in the Huangling region of the central Loess Plateau. Our aims were to determine the characteristics of the pollen assemblages from the deciduous broadleaved forest climax community and its significance in terms of vegetation type and species composition. The pollen assemblages are dominated by woody plants such as Quercus(42% of total terrestrial pollen),Betula(16%) and Pinus(12%), with minor differences between different plant communities. The pollen assemblages of individual sampling sites differed from the vegetation composition within the 0–100 m scope and were more similar to the vegetation coverage within the 0–1000 m scope. This indicates that the surface pollen assemblages mainly reflect the comprehensive information from the vegetation composition of a large area, rather than the vegetation composition close to the sampling site. The contents of Quercus, Betula and Pinus pollen are high, and close to their vegetation coverage; whereas the contents of deciduous broadleaved arbor taxa(such as Malus and Acer) are lower, but their corresponding regional vegetation cover is higher. This suggests that the vegetation information conveyed by poorly-represented pollen taxa should be considered when interpreting stratigraphic pollen assemblages. Using the observed quantitative relationships between pollen and vegetation of the main taxa, we reconstructed the regional vegetation composition in the Gonghai Lake area of the northeastern Loess Plateau during the middle Holocene(7300–5000 yr BP). The results indicated that Quercus-dominated deciduous broadleaved forest climax community developed in the mountains surrounding the lake.
We compared the pollen assemblages of surface moss samples and corresponding vegetation inventory data from 34 sites in the Huangling region of the central Loess Plateau. Our aims were to determine the characteristics of the pollen assemblages from the deciduous broadleaved forest climax community and its significance in terms of vegetation type and species composition. The pollen assemblages are dominated by woody plants such as Quercus(42% of total terrestrial pollen),Betula(16%) and Pinus(12%), with minor differences between different plant communities. The pollen assemblages of individual sampling sites differed from the vegetation composition within the 0–100 m scope and were more similar to the vegetation coverage within the 0–1000 m scope. This indicates that the surface pollen assemblages mainly reflect the comprehensive information from the vegetation composition of a large area, rather than the vegetation composition close to the sampling site. The contents of Quercus, Betula and Pinus pollen are high, and close to their vegetation coverage; whereas the contents of deciduous broadleaved arbor taxa(such as Malus and Acer) are lower, but their corresponding regional vegetation cover is higher. This suggests that the vegetation information conveyed by poorly-represented pollen taxa should be considered when interpreting stratigraphic pollen assemblages. Using the observed quantitative relationships between pollen and vegetation of the main taxa, we reconstructed the regional vegetation composition in the Gonghai Lake area of the northeastern Loess Plateau during the middle Holocene(7300–5000 yr BP). The results indicated that Quercus-dominated deciduous broadleaved forest climax community developed in the mountains surrounding the lake.
We compared the pollen assemblages of surface moss samples and corresponding vegetation inventory data from 34 sites in the Huangling region of the central Loess Plateau. Our aims were to determine the characteristics of the pollen assemblages from the deciduous broadleaved forest climax community and its significance in terms of vegetation type and species composition. The pollen assemblages are dominated by woody plants such as Quercus(42% of total terrestrial pollen),Betula(16%) and Pinus(12%), with minor differences between different plant communities. The pollen assemblages of individual sampling sites differed from the vegetation composition within the 0–100 m scope and were more similar to the vegetation coverage within the 0–1000 m scope. This indicates that the surface pollen assemblages mainly reflect the comprehensive information from the vegetation composition of a large area, rather than the vegetation composition close to the sampling site. The contents of Quercus, Betula and Pinus pollen are high, and close to their vegetation coverage; whereas the contents of deciduous broadleaved arbor taxa(such as Malus and Acer) are lower, but their corresponding regional vegetation cover is higher. This suggests that the vegetation information conveyed by poorly-represented pollen taxa should be considered when interpreting stratigraphic pollen assemblages. Using the observed quantitative relationships between pollen and vegetation of the main taxa, we reconstructed the regional vegetation composition in the Gonghai Lake area of the northeastern Loess Plateau during the middle Holocene(7300–5000 yr BP). The results indicated that Quercus-dominated deciduous broadleaved forest climax community developed in the mountains surrounding the lake.
引文
Andersen S T.1970.The relative pollen productivity and pollen representation of north European trees,and correction factors for tree pollen spectra determined by surface pollen analyses from forests.Dan Geol Unders Ser II,96:1-99
Anderson R,Koehler P A.2003.Modern pollen and vegetation relationships in the mountains of southern California,USA.Grana,42:129-146
Birks H J B,Birks H H.1980.Quaternary Paleoecology.London:Edward Arnold.177-192
Botkin D B.1993.Forest Dynamics:An Ecological Model.New York:Oxford University Press.309
Box E O,Fujiwara K.2015.Warm-temperate Deciduous Forests Around the Northern Hemisphere.Springer International Publishing.292
Braak C J F T,?milauer P.2012.Canoco reference manual and user’s guide:Software for ordination(version5.0).Wageningen:Microcomputer Power,Itaca
Brostr?m A,Sugita S,Gaillard M J,Pilesj?P.2005.Estimating the spatial scale of pollen dispersal in the cultural landscape of southern Sweden.Holocene,15:252-262
Bunting M J,Farrell M,Brostr?m A,Hjelle K L,Mazier F,Middleton R,Nielsen A B,Rushton E,Shaw H,Twiddle C L.2013.Palynological perspectives on vegetation survey:A critical step for model-based reconstruction of Quaternary land cover.Quat Sci Rev,82:41-55
Chen F,Xu Q,Chen J,Birks H J B,Liu J,Zhang S,Jin L,An C,Telford RJ,Cao X,Wang Z,Zhang X,Selvaraj K,Lu H,Li Y,Zheng Z,Wang H,Zhou A,Dong G,Zhang J,Huang X,Bloemendal J,Rao Z.2015.East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variability since the last deglaciation.Sci Rep,5:11186
D’Odorico P,Gonsamo A,Gough C M,Bohrer G,Morison J,Wilkinson M,Hanson P J,Gianelle D,Fuentes J D,Buchmann N.2015.The match and mismatch between photosynthesis and land surface phenology of deciduous forests.Agric For Meteorol,214-215:25-38
Davis M B,Goodlett J C.1960.Comparison of the present vegetation with pollen-spectra in surface samples from Brownington pond,Vermont.Ecology,41:346-357
Department of Geography,Shaanxi Normal University,Writing Group of Geography in Yan’an Area.1983.Geographical Records of Yan’an Area,Shaanxi Province(in Chinese).Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House.250
Shaanxi Provincial Meteorological Bureau District Office.1988.Agricultural Climate Regionalization in Shaanxi Province(in Chinese).Xi’an:Xi’an Cartographic Publishing House.169
Djamali M,de Beaulieu J L,Campagne P,Andrieu-Ponel V,Ponel P,Leroy S A G,Akhani H.2009.Modern pollen rain-vegetation relationships along a forest-steppe transect in the Golestan National Park,NE Iran.Rev Palaeobot Palynol,153:272-281
Dyke A S.2005.Late quaternary vegetation history of northern north America based on pollen,macrofossil,and faunal remains.Géogr Phys Quatern,59:211
Erdtman G,Wodehouse R P.1944.An introduction to pollen analysis.Soil Sci,57:241
Fan W Y,Wang X A,Guo H.2006.Analysis of plant community successional series in the Ziwuling area on the Loess Plateau(in Chinese).Acta Ecol Sin,26:706-714
F?gri K,Iversen J.1989.A textbook of pollen analysis.J Biogeogr,IV(4):328
Gower J C.1966.Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis.Biometrika,53:325
Grimm E C.2011.TILIA 1.7.16 Software
Huntley B.1990.Studying global change:The contribution of Quaternary palynology.Glob Planet Change,2:53-61
Li J,Xu Q H,Zhang S R,Mu H S,Li Y,Li M Y,Hu Y N,Liang J.2013.Relative pollen productivity and its use in quantitative reconstruction of paleovegetation(in Chinese).Quat Sci,33:1101-1110
López-Sáez J A,Alba-Sánchez F,López-Merino L,Pérez-Díaz S.2010.Modern pollen analysis:A reliable tool for discriminating Quercus rotundifolia communities in central Spain.Phytocoenologia,40:57-72
Li W Y,Yao Z J.1990.A study on the quantitative relationship between pinus pollen in surface sample and pinus vegetation(in Chinese).Bull Bot,(12):943-950
Li Y C,Xu Q H,Xiao J L,Yang X L.2005.Indication of some major pollen taxa in surface samples to their parent plants of forest in northern China(in Chinese).Quat Sci,25:598-608
Li Y F,Li C H,Jie D M,Xie X J.2016.Assemblages and numerical analysis of the surface pollen from the samples on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountain,northeast China(in Chinese).Acta Micropalaeontol Sin,33:293-303
Li Y F,Li C H,Xu L Y,Xu B,Pang Y Z.2017.Relationships between vegetation and stomata,and between vegetation and pollen surface soil in Taibai Mountains(in Chinese).Acta Palaeontol Sin,(1):108-116
Middleton R.2011.Vegetation Survey Manager v2.0
Prentice I C,Bartlein P J,Webb III T.1991.Vegetation and climate change in eastern north America since the last glacial maximum.Ecology,72:2038-2056
Ran Y H,Li X,Lu L,Li Z Y.2012.Large-scale land cover mapping with the integration of multi-source information based on the DempsterShafer theory.Int J Geogr Inf Sci,26:169-191
Ren G,Beug H J.2002.Mapping Holocene pollen data and vegetation of China.Quat Sci Rev,21:1395-1422
Ruffaldi P.1994.Relationship between recent pollen spectra and current vegetation around the cerin peat bog(Ain,France).Rev Palaeobot Palynol,82:97-112
Stebich M,Rehfeld K,Schlütz F,Tarasov P E,Liu J,Mingram J.2015.Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics of NE China based on the pollen record from Sihailongwan Maar Lake.Quat Sci Rev,124:275-289
Sugita S.1994.Pollen representation of vegetation in Quaternary sediments:Theory and method in patchy vegetation.J Ecol,82:881-897
Sun J B.2009.Principles and Applications of Remote Sensing(in Chinese).Wuhan:Wuhan University Press.300
Wang F X,Chien N F,Zhang Y L,Yang H Q.1995.Pollen Flora of China(in Chinese).2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press.461
Williams J W.2003.Variations in tree cover in North America since the last glacial maximum.Glob Planet Change,35:1-23
Wu Z Y.1980.Vegetation of China(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press.1375
Xiao J,Xu Q,Nakamura T,Yang X,Liang W,Inouchi Y.2004.Holocene vegetation variation in the Daihai lake region of north-central China:Adirect indication of the Asian monsoon climatic history.Quat Sci Rev,23:1669-1679
Xu Q H,Li Y C,Yang X L,Zheng Z H.2007.Quantitative relationship between pollen and vegetation in northern China.Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,50:582-599
Xu Q H,Zhang S R.2013.Advance in pollen source area(in Chinese).Adv Earth Sci,28:968-975
Xu Q H,Cao X Y,Tian F,Zhang S R,Li Y C,Li M Y,Li J,Liu Y L,Liang J.2014.Relative pollen productivities of typical steppe species in northern China and their potential in past vegetation reconstruction.Sci China Earth Sci,57:1254-1266
Xu Q H,Li M Y,Zhang S R,Zhang Y H,Zhang P P,Lu J Y.2015.Modern pollen process of Quaternary Palynology in China:Progress and problems(in Chinese).Sci China Earth Sci,45:1661-1682
Xu Q H,Chen F H,Zhang S R,Cao X Y,Li J Y,Li Y C,Li M Y,Chen J H,Liu J B,Wang Z L.2017.Vegetation succession and East Asian Summer Monsoon Changes since the last deglaciation inferred from high-resolution pollen record in Gonghai lake,Shanxi Province,China.Holocene,27:835-846
Xu Y Q,Yan S,Jia B Q,Yang Y L.1996.Numerical relationship retween the surface spore-pollen and surrounding vegetation on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains(in Chinese).Arid Land Geo,(3):24-30
Yao Z J.1989.Surface pollen analysis in Zhongtiao Mountain(in Chinese).Acta Geogr Sin,28:469-477
Yu G,Ke X,Xue B,Ni J.2004.The relationships between the surface arboreal pollen and the plants of the vegetation in China.Rev Palaeobotany Palynol,129:187-198
Zhang P C,Zheng F L.1993.The regional properties of natural environment and relationship of it and soil erosion in the Ziwuling Region(in Chinese).Res Soil Water Conserv,(1):11-16
Zhang P P,Xu Q H,Gaillard M J,Mu H S,Zhang Y H,Lu J Y.2017.Research of main plant species’s relative pollen productivities and relevant source area of temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in northern China(in Chinese).Quat Sci,37:1429-1443
Zhang X S.2007.“Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China(1:1000000)”and its Illustration Put to Press(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House.474
Zou H Y,Liu G B,Wang H S.2002.The vegetation development in north Ziwulin forest region in last fifty years(in Chinese).Acta Bot BorealiOccident Sin,22:1-8
Anderson R,Koehler P A.2003.Modern pollen and vegetation relationships in the mountains of southern California,USA.Grana,42:129-146
Birks H J B,Birks H H.1980.Quaternary Paleoecology.London:Edward Arnold.177-192
Botkin D B.1993.Forest Dynamics:An Ecological Model.New York:Oxford University Press.309
Box E O,Fujiwara K.2015.Warm-temperate Deciduous Forests Around the Northern Hemisphere.Springer International Publishing.292
Braak C J F T,?milauer P.2012.Canoco reference manual and user’s guide:Software for ordination(version5.0).Wageningen:Microcomputer Power,Itaca
Brostr?m A,Sugita S,Gaillard M J,Pilesj?P.2005.Estimating the spatial scale of pollen dispersal in the cultural landscape of southern Sweden.Holocene,15:252-262
Bunting M J,Farrell M,Brostr?m A,Hjelle K L,Mazier F,Middleton R,Nielsen A B,Rushton E,Shaw H,Twiddle C L.2013.Palynological perspectives on vegetation survey:A critical step for model-based reconstruction of Quaternary land cover.Quat Sci Rev,82:41-55
Chen F,Xu Q,Chen J,Birks H J B,Liu J,Zhang S,Jin L,An C,Telford RJ,Cao X,Wang Z,Zhang X,Selvaraj K,Lu H,Li Y,Zheng Z,Wang H,Zhou A,Dong G,Zhang J,Huang X,Bloemendal J,Rao Z.2015.East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variability since the last deglaciation.Sci Rep,5:11186
D’Odorico P,Gonsamo A,Gough C M,Bohrer G,Morison J,Wilkinson M,Hanson P J,Gianelle D,Fuentes J D,Buchmann N.2015.The match and mismatch between photosynthesis and land surface phenology of deciduous forests.Agric For Meteorol,214-215:25-38
Davis M B,Goodlett J C.1960.Comparison of the present vegetation with pollen-spectra in surface samples from Brownington pond,Vermont.Ecology,41:346-357
Department of Geography,Shaanxi Normal University,Writing Group of Geography in Yan’an Area.1983.Geographical Records of Yan’an Area,Shaanxi Province(in Chinese).Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Publishing House.250
Shaanxi Provincial Meteorological Bureau District Office.1988.Agricultural Climate Regionalization in Shaanxi Province(in Chinese).Xi’an:Xi’an Cartographic Publishing House.169
Djamali M,de Beaulieu J L,Campagne P,Andrieu-Ponel V,Ponel P,Leroy S A G,Akhani H.2009.Modern pollen rain-vegetation relationships along a forest-steppe transect in the Golestan National Park,NE Iran.Rev Palaeobot Palynol,153:272-281
Dyke A S.2005.Late quaternary vegetation history of northern north America based on pollen,macrofossil,and faunal remains.Géogr Phys Quatern,59:211
Erdtman G,Wodehouse R P.1944.An introduction to pollen analysis.Soil Sci,57:241
Fan W Y,Wang X A,Guo H.2006.Analysis of plant community successional series in the Ziwuling area on the Loess Plateau(in Chinese).Acta Ecol Sin,26:706-714
F?gri K,Iversen J.1989.A textbook of pollen analysis.J Biogeogr,IV(4):328
Gower J C.1966.Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis.Biometrika,53:325
Grimm E C.2011.TILIA 1.7.16 Software
Huntley B.1990.Studying global change:The contribution of Quaternary palynology.Glob Planet Change,2:53-61
Li J,Xu Q H,Zhang S R,Mu H S,Li Y,Li M Y,Hu Y N,Liang J.2013.Relative pollen productivity and its use in quantitative reconstruction of paleovegetation(in Chinese).Quat Sci,33:1101-1110
López-Sáez J A,Alba-Sánchez F,López-Merino L,Pérez-Díaz S.2010.Modern pollen analysis:A reliable tool for discriminating Quercus rotundifolia communities in central Spain.Phytocoenologia,40:57-72
Li W Y,Yao Z J.1990.A study on the quantitative relationship between pinus pollen in surface sample and pinus vegetation(in Chinese).Bull Bot,(12):943-950
Li Y C,Xu Q H,Xiao J L,Yang X L.2005.Indication of some major pollen taxa in surface samples to their parent plants of forest in northern China(in Chinese).Quat Sci,25:598-608
Li Y F,Li C H,Jie D M,Xie X J.2016.Assemblages and numerical analysis of the surface pollen from the samples on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountain,northeast China(in Chinese).Acta Micropalaeontol Sin,33:293-303
Li Y F,Li C H,Xu L Y,Xu B,Pang Y Z.2017.Relationships between vegetation and stomata,and between vegetation and pollen surface soil in Taibai Mountains(in Chinese).Acta Palaeontol Sin,(1):108-116
Middleton R.2011.Vegetation Survey Manager v2.0
Prentice I C,Bartlein P J,Webb III T.1991.Vegetation and climate change in eastern north America since the last glacial maximum.Ecology,72:2038-2056
Ran Y H,Li X,Lu L,Li Z Y.2012.Large-scale land cover mapping with the integration of multi-source information based on the DempsterShafer theory.Int J Geogr Inf Sci,26:169-191
Ren G,Beug H J.2002.Mapping Holocene pollen data and vegetation of China.Quat Sci Rev,21:1395-1422
Ruffaldi P.1994.Relationship between recent pollen spectra and current vegetation around the cerin peat bog(Ain,France).Rev Palaeobot Palynol,82:97-112
Stebich M,Rehfeld K,Schlütz F,Tarasov P E,Liu J,Mingram J.2015.Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics of NE China based on the pollen record from Sihailongwan Maar Lake.Quat Sci Rev,124:275-289
Sugita S.1994.Pollen representation of vegetation in Quaternary sediments:Theory and method in patchy vegetation.J Ecol,82:881-897
Sun J B.2009.Principles and Applications of Remote Sensing(in Chinese).Wuhan:Wuhan University Press.300
Wang F X,Chien N F,Zhang Y L,Yang H Q.1995.Pollen Flora of China(in Chinese).2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press.461
Williams J W.2003.Variations in tree cover in North America since the last glacial maximum.Glob Planet Change,35:1-23
Wu Z Y.1980.Vegetation of China(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press.1375
Xiao J,Xu Q,Nakamura T,Yang X,Liang W,Inouchi Y.2004.Holocene vegetation variation in the Daihai lake region of north-central China:Adirect indication of the Asian monsoon climatic history.Quat Sci Rev,23:1669-1679
Xu Q H,Li Y C,Yang X L,Zheng Z H.2007.Quantitative relationship between pollen and vegetation in northern China.Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,50:582-599
Xu Q H,Zhang S R.2013.Advance in pollen source area(in Chinese).Adv Earth Sci,28:968-975
Xu Q H,Cao X Y,Tian F,Zhang S R,Li Y C,Li M Y,Li J,Liu Y L,Liang J.2014.Relative pollen productivities of typical steppe species in northern China and their potential in past vegetation reconstruction.Sci China Earth Sci,57:1254-1266
Xu Q H,Li M Y,Zhang S R,Zhang Y H,Zhang P P,Lu J Y.2015.Modern pollen process of Quaternary Palynology in China:Progress and problems(in Chinese).Sci China Earth Sci,45:1661-1682
Xu Q H,Chen F H,Zhang S R,Cao X Y,Li J Y,Li Y C,Li M Y,Chen J H,Liu J B,Wang Z L.2017.Vegetation succession and East Asian Summer Monsoon Changes since the last deglaciation inferred from high-resolution pollen record in Gonghai lake,Shanxi Province,China.Holocene,27:835-846
Xu Y Q,Yan S,Jia B Q,Yang Y L.1996.Numerical relationship retween the surface spore-pollen and surrounding vegetation on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains(in Chinese).Arid Land Geo,(3):24-30
Yao Z J.1989.Surface pollen analysis in Zhongtiao Mountain(in Chinese).Acta Geogr Sin,28:469-477
Yu G,Ke X,Xue B,Ni J.2004.The relationships between the surface arboreal pollen and the plants of the vegetation in China.Rev Palaeobotany Palynol,129:187-198
Zhang P C,Zheng F L.1993.The regional properties of natural environment and relationship of it and soil erosion in the Ziwuling Region(in Chinese).Res Soil Water Conserv,(1):11-16
Zhang P P,Xu Q H,Gaillard M J,Mu H S,Zhang Y H,Lu J Y.2017.Research of main plant species’s relative pollen productivities and relevant source area of temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in northern China(in Chinese).Quat Sci,37:1429-1443
Zhang X S.2007.“Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China(1:1000000)”and its Illustration Put to Press(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House.474
Zou H Y,Liu G B,Wang H S.2002.The vegetation development in north Ziwulin forest region in last fifty years(in Chinese).Acta Bot BorealiOccident Sin,22:1-8