废水中重金属离子脱除方法研究现状及展望
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摘要
废水中重金属离子的难降解性、易富集性对环境及生态系统均有危害.目前处理废水中重金属离子的常规方法有化学沉淀、电化学、吸附、离子交换、膜分离等.文章介绍了近些年常用的处理废水中重金属离子的方法,除常用方法外,还介绍了水合物法与冷冻法脱除废水中的重金属离子.单一方法中,无论是常规方法中应用最广泛的吸附法,还是其它方法中如水合物法都存在各自的缺点.文章在指出单一方法的基础上,提出了通过组合或耦合的方法提高废水中重金属离子脱除效率的思路.此外,还指出目前大多方法针对废水中重金属离子脱除研究的另一大问题,即单纯研究了如何提高重金属脱除效率,并未指出对脱除后富集的重金属离子处理问题.富集后的重金属的处理也是彻底解决废水中重金属污染的一个重要研究方向.
Heavy metal ions in waste water are difficult to be degraded but easy to be accumulated.Heavy metal ions can do harm to both living things and environments. Chemical precipitation, electrolysis, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane separation were common methods to remove heavy metal ion in recent years. Except for introducing the above methods, hydrate-based method and freezing method to remove heavy metal ion have also been introduced. Both single common methods and single new proposed method exists disadvantages.The hybrid method to remove the heavy metal ions in waste water was proposed. In addition, most method to remove heavy metal ion in waste water only considered the accumulated of heavy metal or heavy metal ion, while not considered after treatment of accumulated heavy metal or heavy metal ion. In this work, after treatment of accumulated heavy metal or heavy metal ion are proposed to be treated for completely solving heavy metal problems.
Heavy metal ions in waste water are difficult to be degraded but easy to be accumulated.Heavy metal ions can do harm to both living things and environments. Chemical precipitation, electrolysis, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane separation were common methods to remove heavy metal ion in recent years. Except for introducing the above methods, hydrate-based method and freezing method to remove heavy metal ion have also been introduced. Both single common methods and single new proposed method exists disadvantages.The hybrid method to remove the heavy metal ions in waste water was proposed. In addition, most method to remove heavy metal ion in waste water only considered the accumulated of heavy metal or heavy metal ion, while not considered after treatment of accumulated heavy metal or heavy metal ion. In this work, after treatment of accumulated heavy metal or heavy metal ion are proposed to be treated for completely solving heavy metal problems.
引文
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[17] AZARUDEEN R S,SUBHA R,JEYAKUMAR D,et al.Batch separation studies for the removal of heavy metal ions using a chelating terpolymer:synthesis,characterization and isotherm models [J].Sep.Purif.Technol.,2013,116:366-377.
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[19] ZONDERVAN E,ROFFEL B.Evaluation of different cleaning agents used for cleaning ultra filtration membranes fouled by surface water [J].J.Membr.Sci.,2007,304:40-49.
[20] GAO J,SUN S P,ZHU W P,et al.Chelating polymer modified P84 nanofiltration (NF) hollow fiber membranes for high efficient heavy metal removal [J].Water Res.,2014,63:252-261.
[21] YANG J,PENG J,LIU K C.et al.Synthesis of ferrites obtained from heavy metal solutions using wet method [J],J.Hazard.Mater.,2007,143:379-385.
[22] PETRICK L,DUBOWSKI Y,KLAS S,et al.Stable incorporation of Co2+ into ferrite structure at ambient temperature:effect of operational parameters [J],Water Air Soil Pollut.,2008,190:245-257.
[23] PEREZ O P,UMETSU Y,SASAKI H.Precipitation and densification of magnetic iron compounds from aqueous solutions at room temperature [J].Hydrometallurgy,1998,50:223-242.
[24] WANG J,DENG T,DAI Y J.Study on the processes and mechanism of the formation of Fe3O4 at low temperature [J],J.Alloys Compd.,2005,390:127-132.
[25] KLAS S,DUBOWSKI Y,LAHAV O.Chemical stability and extent of isomorphous substitution in ferrites precipitated under ambient temperatures [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,193:59-64.
[26] FANG L,LI L,QU Z,et al.A novel method for the sequential removal and separation of multiple heavy metals from wastewater [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,342:617-624.
[27] WU J,ZHANG J,XIAO C,Focus on factors affecting pH,flow of Cr and transformation between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in the soil with different electrolytes [J],Electrochim.Acta,2016,211:652-662.
[28] YEUNG A T,GU Y Y.A review on techniques to enhance electrochemical remediation of contaminated soils [J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2011,195:11-29.
[29] LINGUA G,TODESCHINI V,GRIMALDI M.et al.Polyaspartate,a biodegradable chelant that improves the phytoremediation potential of poplar in a highly metalcontaminated agricultural soil [J].J.Environ.Manage.,2014,132:9-15.
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[32] LI J Y,WANG T,SUN Z H,et al.Treatment of high arsenic content lead copper matte by a pressure oxidative leaching combined with cyclone and vertical electro-deposition method [J].Separation and Purification Technology,2018,199:282-288.
[33] LIU F C,MA Y T,ZHANG Y,et al.Technology research of extract silver from electrolytic waste solution by vortex electrolytic technology [J],Precious Met.,2013,34:13-16.
[34] BARAKAT M A.New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater [J].Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2011,4:361-377.
[35] ZHU S,YANG N,ZHANG D.Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) modification of activated carbon for copper ions removal [J].Mater.Chem.Phys.,2009,113:784-789.
[36] ZHANG S,LI X,CHEN J P.Preparation and evaluation of a magnetite-doped activated carbon fiber for enhanced arsenic removal [J],Carbon,2010,48:60-67.
[37] GOPALAKRISHNAN A,KRISHNAN R,THANGAVEL S,et al.Removal of heavy metal ions from pharma-effluents using graphene-oxide nanosorbents and study of their adsorption kinetics [J],Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2015,30:14-19.
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