摩擦系数与摩阻系数及其控制方法探讨
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摘要
大位移井井下管柱的摩阻和扭矩一直是限制大位移井延伸的主要因素。"摩擦系数"和"摩阻系数"是两个不同的概念,这两个概念对大位移井钻进和下套管时的摩阻计算至关重要。摩擦系数,在大位移井中,是指管柱下入过程中与井下已有套管的内壁或者与裸眼地层之间接触,钻井液作为界面产生的一个系数,分为动摩擦系数和静摩擦系数两种;摩阻系数则是一个综合性系数,它包含摩擦系数以及所有如"键槽"、"缩径"等附加阻力引起的等效摩擦系数。在计算摩阻时应该采用摩阻系数而非摩擦系数,而摩阻系数受井眼状况等因素的影响在管柱不同位置都不同,难以准确确定。阐述了目前大位移井摩阻系数的确定方法,以及钻进和下套管过程中常用的降摩手段。文章的探讨结果对大位移井的设计和施工有一定的指导意义。
Extended reach well technology represents the most advanced drilling technology in the world nowadays,and the down-hole drag and torque are always being the two key factors which restrict the extension. It is stated herein that the friction coefficient and drag coefficient are two different concepts,those two concepts are very important to do torque and drag calculation for extended reach well drilling and casing running. In the extended reach wells,friction coefficient is caused by tubing or string contacts with down-hole casings or open hole during the running process and the drilling fluid being the interface. It includes two kinds,sliding friction coefficient and static friction coefficient. Drag coefficient is a comprehensive coefficient,which includes the friction coefficient and the equivalent friction coefficients caused by all additional resistances caused by dogleg or undergauging. It is the drag coefficient rather than the friction coefficient been used for drag calculation during the drilling and casing running process,and drag coefficient is influenced by many factors such as borehole conditions,which is varied along the drill string and hard to be determined. The classic formula for drag calculating is illustrated,and the commonly used measures to reduce drag of extended reach wells during the drilling and casing running process are expounded. The results in this paper can offer certain guiding significance for the design and construction of extended reach wells.
Extended reach well technology represents the most advanced drilling technology in the world nowadays,and the down-hole drag and torque are always being the two key factors which restrict the extension. It is stated herein that the friction coefficient and drag coefficient are two different concepts,those two concepts are very important to do torque and drag calculation for extended reach well drilling and casing running. In the extended reach wells,friction coefficient is caused by tubing or string contacts with down-hole casings or open hole during the running process and the drilling fluid being the interface. It includes two kinds,sliding friction coefficient and static friction coefficient. Drag coefficient is a comprehensive coefficient,which includes the friction coefficient and the equivalent friction coefficients caused by all additional resistances caused by dogleg or undergauging. It is the drag coefficient rather than the friction coefficient been used for drag calculation during the drilling and casing running process,and drag coefficient is influenced by many factors such as borehole conditions,which is varied along the drill string and hard to be determined. The classic formula for drag calculating is illustrated,and the commonly used measures to reduce drag of extended reach wells during the drilling and casing running process are expounded. The results in this paper can offer certain guiding significance for the design and construction of extended reach wells.
引文
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[12]SY/T 6963-2013,大位移井钻井设计指南[S].
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[14]刘晓坡,廖前华,李刚.软件预测摩阻-随钻校正摩阻系数方法及其在BZ34-1-D6大位移井钻井中的应用[J].中国海上油气,2010,22(5):320-322.
[15]高德利,覃成锦,代伟锋,等.南海流花超大位移井摩阻/扭矩及导向钻井分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2006,28(1):9-12.
[16]Sheppard M C,et al.Designing well Paths to Reduce Drag and Torque[J].SPE drilling engineering,1987-12.
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[18]陆洋阳.大位移井减扭阻工具的研制[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(1):73-75.
[19]许京国.水力振荡器在大位移井张海29-38L井的应用[J].断块油气田,2014,21(4):527-529.
[20]Mondshine T C.Drilling mud Lubricity Guide to Reduced Torque and Drag[J].Oil&Gas Journal,1970-12.
[21]沈伟.大位移井钻井液润滑性研究的现状与思考[J].石油钻探技术,2001,29(1):25-28.
[22]蔡利山,林永学,王立文.大位移井钻井液技术综述[J].钻井液与完井液,2010,27(3):1-13.
[23]杨启贞.在水平井、大位移井中选用合适的套管扶正器[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(4):37-39.
[24]宋秀英,赵庆,姚军,等.大位移井下套管技术[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(4):15-19.
[2]蒋世全.大位移井技术的发展现状及启示[J].石油钻探技术,1999,11(3):1-8.
[3]苏义脑.大位移井钻井概况、工艺难点和对工具仪器的要求[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(1):6-10.
[4]宋玉玲,董丽娟,李占武.国外大位移井钻井技术发展现状[J].石油钻探技术,1998(4):4-8,12.
[5]沈伟,谭树人.大位移井钻井作业的关键技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(6):21-26.
[6]高德利.南海西江大位移井摩阻和扭矩数值分析研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(5):7-12.
[7]王秀亭.大位移井摩阻和扭矩分析及其对钻深的影响[J].石油机械,2005,33(12):6-9.
[8]Adewuya O peyem i A,etc.A Rubust Torque And Drag Analysis Approach for well Planning and Drillstring Design[J].IADC/SPE 39321.
[9]Adit Gupta.Planning and Identifying the Best Technologies for Extended Reach Wells[J].SPE 106346,2006.
[10]闫铁,张凤民,刘维凯,等.大位移井钻井极限延伸能力的研究[J].钻采工艺,2010,33(1):4-7.
[11]海洋钻井手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:587.
[12]SY/T 6963-2013,大位移井钻井设计指南[S].
[13]闫铁,李庆明,王岩,等.水平井钻柱摩阻扭矩分段计算模型[J].大庆石油学院学报,2011,35(5):69-72.
[14]刘晓坡,廖前华,李刚.软件预测摩阻-随钻校正摩阻系数方法及其在BZ34-1-D6大位移井钻井中的应用[J].中国海上油气,2010,22(5):320-322.
[15]高德利,覃成锦,代伟锋,等.南海流花超大位移井摩阻/扭矩及导向钻井分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2006,28(1):9-12.
[16]Sheppard M C,et al.Designing well Paths to Reduce Drag and Torque[J].SPE drilling engineering,1987-12.
[17]张绍槐,狄勤丰.用旋转导向钻井系统钻大位移井[J].石油学报,2000,21(1):76-80.
[18]陆洋阳.大位移井减扭阻工具的研制[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(1):73-75.
[19]许京国.水力振荡器在大位移井张海29-38L井的应用[J].断块油气田,2014,21(4):527-529.
[20]Mondshine T C.Drilling mud Lubricity Guide to Reduced Torque and Drag[J].Oil&Gas Journal,1970-12.
[21]沈伟.大位移井钻井液润滑性研究的现状与思考[J].石油钻探技术,2001,29(1):25-28.
[22]蔡利山,林永学,王立文.大位移井钻井液技术综述[J].钻井液与完井液,2010,27(3):1-13.
[23]杨启贞.在水平井、大位移井中选用合适的套管扶正器[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(4):37-39.
[24]宋秀英,赵庆,姚军,等.大位移井下套管技术[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(4):15-19.