北京市不同功能区机动车排放特征研究
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摘要
以东城区、顺义区、朝阳区、平谷区为例分析北京四大功能区的机动车排放特征并构建排放清单,通过调查统计各区路网分布、机动车类型、行驶里程等,运用COPERT模型计算不同车型各污染物的排放因子并分析污染物空间分布。结果表明,小客车数量均占据各区主导地位。CO、碳氢化合物主要由小客车贡献,而大客车及各类货车是PM2.5、PM10及NOx的主要贡献来源。顺义区和朝阳区的污染物年排放量明显高于其他两区。基于功能区划分来讨论机动车排放特征并建立排放清单能为城市规划及污染防治提供有效途径。
Dongcheng District,Shunyi District,Chaoyang District and Pinggu District were taken as examples to analyze the vehicle emission characteristics of Beijing's four major functional areas and construct an emission inventory,by surveying statistics of road network distribution,vehicle type and vehicle mileage,using the COPERT model to calculate the emission factors of each pollutant in each model and analyze the spatial distribution of pollutants.The results showed that the number of small passenger cars occupied the dominant position in each district.CO,hydrocarbon were mainly contributed by small passenger cars,while buses and trucks were the main source of contribution of PM2.5,PM10 and NOx.The total annual emissions of Shunyi District and Chaoyang District were significantly higher than those in the other two districts.Discussing vehicle emission characteristics and establishing emission inventories based on functional area division provided an effective way for urban planning and pollution prevention.
Dongcheng District,Shunyi District,Chaoyang District and Pinggu District were taken as examples to analyze the vehicle emission characteristics of Beijing's four major functional areas and construct an emission inventory,by surveying statistics of road network distribution,vehicle type and vehicle mileage,using the COPERT model to calculate the emission factors of each pollutant in each model and analyze the spatial distribution of pollutants.The results showed that the number of small passenger cars occupied the dominant position in each district.CO,hydrocarbon were mainly contributed by small passenger cars,while buses and trucks were the main source of contribution of PM2.5,PM10 and NOx.The total annual emissions of Shunyi District and Chaoyang District were significantly higher than those in the other two districts.Discussing vehicle emission characteristics and establishing emission inventories based on functional area division provided an effective way for urban planning and pollution prevention.
引文
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[32]王凯,樊守彬,孙改红,等.基于行驶里程的北京市延庆区机动车排放清单建立及特征分析[J].环境工程技术学报,2019,9(2):1-7.
[33]蔡皓,谢绍东.中国不同排放标准机动车排放因子的确定[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(3):319-326.
[2]王人洁,王堃,张帆,等.中国国道和省道机动车尾气排放特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3553-3560.
[3]徐伟嘉,李红霞,黄建彰,等.佛山市机动车尾气颗粒物PM2.5的排放特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(3):152-158,173.
[4]牛桂敏.京津冀治霾面临的困境与出路[J].环境保护,2016,44(6):74-76.
[5]环境保护部.2011年中国机动车污染防治年报[R].北京:环境保护部,2011.
[6] MCGAUGHEY G R,DESAI N R,ALLEN D T,et al.Analysis of motor vehicle emissions in a Houston tunnel during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(20):3363-3372.
[7] WALLINGTON T J,SULLIVAN J L,HURLEY M D.Emissions of CO2,CO,NOx,HC,PM,HFC-134a,N2O and CH4from the global light duty vehicle fleet[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2008,17(2):109-116.
[8] HE K B,HUO H,ZHANG Q.Urban air pollution in China:current status,characteristics,and progress[J].Annual Review of Energy and the Environment,2002,27:397-431.
[9] CHAN C K,YAO X H.Air pollution in mega cities in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(1):1-42.
[10]旻苏.机动车排放标准体系分析[J].世界标准化与质量管理,2006(6):29-31.
[11] Mccarthy G.Inventory of U.S.greenhouse gas emissions and sinks:1990-2010[R].Washington,D.C.:USEPA,2012.
[12] FU L X,HAO J M,HE D Q,et al.Assessment of vehicular pollution in China[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2001,51(5):658-668.
[13] LI J,WU R R,LI Y Q,et al.Effects of rigorous emission controls on reducing ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,557:531-541.
[14]樊守彬,聂磊,李雪峰.应用EDMS模型建立机场大气污染物排放清单[J].安全与环境学报,2010,10(4):93-96.
[15]樊守彬,张东旭,田灵娣.AP-42道路交通扬尘排放模型评估及其在北京市的应用[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2501-2506.
[16]樊守彬,田灵娣,张东旭.基于COPERT模式的北京市汽油车蒸发VOCs排放清单[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):3091-3096.
[17] KHOLOD N,EVANS M,GUSEV E,et al.A methodology for calculating transport emissions in cities with limited traffic data:case study of diesel particulates and black carbon emissions in Murmansk[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,547:305-313.
[18] KOTA S H,ZHANG H L,GANG C,et al.Evaluation of onroad vehicle CO and NOxnational emission inventories using an urban-scale source-oriented air quality model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,85:99-108.
[19]樊守彬.北京机动车尾气排放特征研究[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(4):28-31.
[20]冯晓,王婷丽,赵琦.基于IVE模型的重庆市主城区机动车排放清单研究[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(2):135-137,158.
[21]陈军辉,范武波,钱骏,等.利用IVE模型建立成都市轻型汽油客车排放清单[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(7):2016-2024.
[22] LANG J L,CHENG S Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Air pollutant emissions from on-road vehicles in China,1999-2011[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,496:1-10.
[23] WANG H K,FU L X,LIN X,et al.A bottom-up methodology to estimate vehicle emissions for the Beijing urban area[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(6):1947-1953.
[24]王慧慧,曾维华,吴开亚.上海市机动车尾气排放协同控制效应研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1345-1352.
[25] ZHANG S J,WU Y,LIU H,et al.Historical evaluation of vehicle emission control in Guangzhou based on a multi-year emission inventory[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,76:32-42.
[26] WU X M,WU Y,ZHANG S J,et al.Assessment of vehicle emission programs in China during 1998-2013:achievement,challenges and implications[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,214:556-567.
[27]姚欣灿,黄如娜,农加进,等.广州市2010年道路机动车排放清单研究[J].广州环境科学,2012,27(2):20-24.
[28]曾雪兰,李红霞,程晓梅,等.佛山市机动车尾气排放清单及特征分析[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(11):51-55.
[29]郝艳召,邓顺熙,邱兆文,等.关中地区机动车颗粒物排放清单[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(3):1646-1652.
[30]王孝文,田伟利,张清宇.杭州市机动车污染物排放清单的建立[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1368-1374.
[31] PERUGU H,WEI H,YAO Z.Developing high-resolution urban scale heavy-duty truck emission inventory using the datadriven truck activity model output[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,155:210-230.
[32]王凯,樊守彬,孙改红,等.基于行驶里程的北京市延庆区机动车排放清单建立及特征分析[J].环境工程技术学报,2019,9(2):1-7.
[33]蔡皓,谢绍东.中国不同排放标准机动车排放因子的确定[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(3):319-326.