基于POI的城市休闲空间格局分析——以乌鲁木齐市为例
|
摘要
基于百度POI数据,运用Ripley’s K函数、最近邻层次聚类、空间自相关等方法,对乌鲁木齐市公共休闲设施空间布局进行研究,总结城市休闲空间的格局特征,进而探讨休闲空间的影响因素。结果表明:(1)乌鲁木齐休闲设施空间分布表现出明显的向心集聚性。(2)各类休闲设施热点区分布表现出不同的集聚倾向,娱乐类、购物类、健身类三类休闲设施热点区主要布局在主城区以内重要交通枢纽和商业中心附近,餐饮类休闲设施热点区表现出明显的人口导向特征,旅游类休闲设施热点区均分布在热门旅游景区附近,文化类休闲设施热点区分布于科教文化基地或多民族混居区。(3)乌鲁木齐市休闲空间格局为"圈层+扇形+组团"模式,核心为面状综合型休闲中心,外围为扇形的休闲设施稀少区、组团式多功能休闲区和组团式餐饮休闲区,最外围是休闲设施极少的郊区和组团式旅游休闲区。(4)乌鲁木齐休闲空间与人口空间分布存在较强的空间正相关关系。
Urban recreation space is an important organic part of a city,and its development is a reflection of not only the urban socio-economic culture,but also the evolution of urban spatial structure.Based on Baidu POI data,using Ripley's K function,spatial autocorrelation,and the nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering analysis methods,this paper studied the spatial characteristics of public recreational facilities in Urumqi City,Xinjiang,China,summarized the patterns of urban recreation space,and explored the influencing factors of urban recreation space.The results show as follows:(1) The spatial distribution of the leisure facilities in Urumqi shows a marked centrality and agglomeration.(2) The hot spots of the six kinds of recreational facilities show different tendency of agglomeration.The entertainment facilities,shopping facilities and sport facilities tend to cluster near important transport hubs and commercial centers.The hotspots of catering facilities show obvious population orientation.The hot spots of tourism facilities are all located near hot scenic spots.The hot spots of cultural facilities are located in the mixed ethnic areas.(3) The recreation space pattern in Urumqi is displaying a "layer+ sector + group" mode.The city center is the planar comprehensive leisure center,and the periphery of the city center is the fan-shaped leisure facilities area with low density,grouped multi-functional leisure area and grouped catering leisure area.The suburbs have few leisure facilities but are grouped tourism leisure areas.(4) It is proved that the recreation space of Urumqi is positively correlated with the spatial distribution of population.
Urban recreation space is an important organic part of a city,and its development is a reflection of not only the urban socio-economic culture,but also the evolution of urban spatial structure.Based on Baidu POI data,using Ripley's K function,spatial autocorrelation,and the nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering analysis methods,this paper studied the spatial characteristics of public recreational facilities in Urumqi City,Xinjiang,China,summarized the patterns of urban recreation space,and explored the influencing factors of urban recreation space.The results show as follows:(1) The spatial distribution of the leisure facilities in Urumqi shows a marked centrality and agglomeration.(2) The hot spots of the six kinds of recreational facilities show different tendency of agglomeration.The entertainment facilities,shopping facilities and sport facilities tend to cluster near important transport hubs and commercial centers.The hotspots of catering facilities show obvious population orientation.The hot spots of tourism facilities are all located near hot scenic spots.The hot spots of cultural facilities are located in the mixed ethnic areas.(3) The recreation space pattern in Urumqi is displaying a "layer+ sector + group" mode.The city center is the planar comprehensive leisure center,and the periphery of the city center is the fan-shaped leisure facilities area with low density,grouped multi-functional leisure area and grouped catering leisure area.The suburbs have few leisure facilities but are grouped tourism leisure areas.(4) It is proved that the recreation space of Urumqi is positively correlated with the spatial distribution of population.
引文
[1] CAN C,WANG J,WU Z,et al.The socio-spatial distribution of leisure venues:A case study of Karaoke Bars in Nanjing,China[J].International Journal of Geo-Information,2016,5(9):150.
[2] 陈华英.上海市中心城区休闲设施空间分布及其影响因素研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2016.[CHEN Huaying.Study on the spatial distribution of leisure facilities in downtown Shanghai and its influencing factors[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University,2016.]
[3] 李玏,刘家明,宋涛,等.北京市绿带游憩空间分布特征及其成因[J].地理研究,2015,34(8):1507-1521.[LI Le,LIU Jiaming,SONG Tao,et al.Spatial characteristics and causes of recreational space in the urban green belt of Beijing,China[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(8):1507-1521.]
[4] 秦学.城市游憩空间结构系统分析——以宁波市为例[J].经济地理,2003,23(2):267-271.[QIN Xue.Systematic study on urban recreational spatial structure:A case study of Ningbo city[J].Economic Geography,2003,23(2):267-271.]
[5] STANSFIELD C A,RICKERT J E.The recreational business district[J].Journal of Leisure Research,1970,2(4):213-225.
[6] 朱鹤,刘家明,陶慧,等.北京城市休闲商务区的时空分布特征与成因[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1215-1228.[ZHU He,LIU Jiaming,TAO Hui,et al.Temporal-spatial pattern and contributing factors of urban RBDs in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(8):1215-1228.]
[7] GETZ D.Planning for tourism business districts[J].Annals of Tourism Rearch,1993,20(3):583-600.
[8] PAGE S J.Urban tourism in New Zealand:The National Museum of New Zealand project[J].Tourism Management,1993,14(3):211-217.
[9] FINN A,ERDEM T.The economic impact of a mega-multi-mall:estimation issues in the case of West Edmonton Mall[J].Tourism Management,1995,16(95):367-373.
[10] HOWARD L H.Theatre in London and the inter-relationship with tourism[J].Tourism Management,1998,(5):445-452.
[11] WILLIAM A D,PAULIINA R.The tradition of invention:Conceiving Las Vegas[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2004(1):7-23.
[12] 曾琳.明清苏州休闲空间研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.[ZENG Lin.The research on the leisure space of Ming and Qing Dynasties[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.]
[13] 张佳夫.丽江古城休闲空间研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2007.[ZHANG Jiafu.The Lijiang old city leisure space research[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science & Technology,2007.]
[14] 吴承忠,韩光辉.明清北京休闲空间格局研究[J].地理学报,2012,67(6):804-816.[WU Chengzhong,HAN Guanghui.Research on the leisure space patterns in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(6):804-816.]
[15] 陈龙飞.上海城市公共休闲空间研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2016.[CHEN Longfei.Shanghai public recreation space research[D].Shanghai:Shanghai normal University,2016.]
[16] 张波,王兴中.城市(营业性)娱乐场所空间结构研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(6):853-858.[ZHANG Bo,WANG Xingzhong.The study of spatial structures of the urban commercial entertainment places[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(6):853-858.]
[17] 黄泰,保继刚,戴学军.苏州城市游憩场点系统空间结构分形[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(5):735-743.[HUANG Tai,BAO Jigang,DAI Xuejun.Fractal study on spatial structure of city recreation sites system:A case study of Suzhou City area[J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(5):735-743.]
[18] 吴必虎.上海城市游憩者流动行为研究[J].地理学报,1994,(2):117-127.[WU Bihu.A research on urban recreationist’s traveling behavior in Shanghai[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1994,(2):117-127.]
[19] 孙琨,唐承财,钟林生.基于人口特征的城市生态游憩空间配置——以常熟市为例[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(6):714-723.[SUN Kun,TANG Chengcai,ZHONG Linsheng.Siting of urban recreational eco-space based on population characteristics:A case study of Changshu City,China[J].Progress in Geography,2016,35(6):714-723.]
[20] 郭旭,郭恩章,陈旸.论休闲经济与城市休闲空间的发展[J].城市规划,2008,252(12):79-86.[GUO Xu,GUO Enzhang,CHEN Yang.Leisure economy and development of urban leisure space[J].City Planning Review,2008,252(12):79-86.]
[21] 宋军继.城镇休闲地规划与建设[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2006:51-55.[SONG Junji.Urban leisure planning and construction[M].Beijing:China Society Press,2006:51-55.]
[22] 湛东升,孟斌.基于社会属性的北京市居民居住与就业空间集聚特征[J].地理学报,2013,68(12):1607-1618.[ZHAN Dongsheng,MENG Bin.Spatial clustering analysis of residential and employment distribution in Beijing based on their social characteristics[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(12):1607-1618.]
[23] 董丞妍,谭亚玲,罗明良,等.中国“癌症村”的聚集格局[J].地理研究,2014,33(11):2115-2124.[DONG Chengyan,TAN Yaling,LUO Mingliang,et al.Spatial aggregation pattern of “cancer village” in China[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(11):2115-2124.]
[24] 程乾,凌素培.中国非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1166-1172.[CHENG Qian,LING Supei.Geographical distribution and affecting factors of the intangible cultural heritage in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(10):1166-1172.]
[25] 詹璇,林爱文,孙铖,等.武汉市公共交通网络中心性及其与银行网点的空间耦合性研究[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(9):1155-1166.[ZHAN Xuan,LIN Aiwen,SUN Cheng,et al.Centrality of public transportation network and its coupling with bank branches distribution in Wuhan City[J].Progress in Geography,2016,35(9):1155-1166.]
[26] 鲁政.认知地图的空间句法研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(10):1401-1410.[LU Zheng.Spatial syntactic analysis of cognitive maps[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(10):1401-1410.]
(1)老城区指1949年以前迪化城所在区域,即今新华北路、解放北路、东门和解放南路街道所在范围
(2)大、小西门:大西门位于中山路与新华北路交叉口,小西门位于民主路与新华北路交叉口,大、小西门一带是乌鲁木齐市繁华的商业圈。
(3)大十字:位于天山区解放路和中山路交汇处,是原迪化城东南西北四条街交汇处,1949年以后,大十字一带成为乌鲁木齐最繁华的商业中心。
[2] 陈华英.上海市中心城区休闲设施空间分布及其影响因素研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2016.[CHEN Huaying.Study on the spatial distribution of leisure facilities in downtown Shanghai and its influencing factors[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University,2016.]
[3] 李玏,刘家明,宋涛,等.北京市绿带游憩空间分布特征及其成因[J].地理研究,2015,34(8):1507-1521.[LI Le,LIU Jiaming,SONG Tao,et al.Spatial characteristics and causes of recreational space in the urban green belt of Beijing,China[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(8):1507-1521.]
[4] 秦学.城市游憩空间结构系统分析——以宁波市为例[J].经济地理,2003,23(2):267-271.[QIN Xue.Systematic study on urban recreational spatial structure:A case study of Ningbo city[J].Economic Geography,2003,23(2):267-271.]
[5] STANSFIELD C A,RICKERT J E.The recreational business district[J].Journal of Leisure Research,1970,2(4):213-225.
[6] 朱鹤,刘家明,陶慧,等.北京城市休闲商务区的时空分布特征与成因[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1215-1228.[ZHU He,LIU Jiaming,TAO Hui,et al.Temporal-spatial pattern and contributing factors of urban RBDs in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(8):1215-1228.]
[7] GETZ D.Planning for tourism business districts[J].Annals of Tourism Rearch,1993,20(3):583-600.
[8] PAGE S J.Urban tourism in New Zealand:The National Museum of New Zealand project[J].Tourism Management,1993,14(3):211-217.
[9] FINN A,ERDEM T.The economic impact of a mega-multi-mall:estimation issues in the case of West Edmonton Mall[J].Tourism Management,1995,16(95):367-373.
[10] HOWARD L H.Theatre in London and the inter-relationship with tourism[J].Tourism Management,1998,(5):445-452.
[11] WILLIAM A D,PAULIINA R.The tradition of invention:Conceiving Las Vegas[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2004(1):7-23.
[12] 曾琳.明清苏州休闲空间研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.[ZENG Lin.The research on the leisure space of Ming and Qing Dynasties[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.]
[13] 张佳夫.丽江古城休闲空间研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2007.[ZHANG Jiafu.The Lijiang old city leisure space research[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science & Technology,2007.]
[14] 吴承忠,韩光辉.明清北京休闲空间格局研究[J].地理学报,2012,67(6):804-816.[WU Chengzhong,HAN Guanghui.Research on the leisure space patterns in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(6):804-816.]
[15] 陈龙飞.上海城市公共休闲空间研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2016.[CHEN Longfei.Shanghai public recreation space research[D].Shanghai:Shanghai normal University,2016.]
[16] 张波,王兴中.城市(营业性)娱乐场所空间结构研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(6):853-858.[ZHANG Bo,WANG Xingzhong.The study of spatial structures of the urban commercial entertainment places[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(6):853-858.]
[17] 黄泰,保继刚,戴学军.苏州城市游憩场点系统空间结构分形[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(5):735-743.[HUANG Tai,BAO Jigang,DAI Xuejun.Fractal study on spatial structure of city recreation sites system:A case study of Suzhou City area[J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(5):735-743.]
[18] 吴必虎.上海城市游憩者流动行为研究[J].地理学报,1994,(2):117-127.[WU Bihu.A research on urban recreationist’s traveling behavior in Shanghai[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1994,(2):117-127.]
[19] 孙琨,唐承财,钟林生.基于人口特征的城市生态游憩空间配置——以常熟市为例[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(6):714-723.[SUN Kun,TANG Chengcai,ZHONG Linsheng.Siting of urban recreational eco-space based on population characteristics:A case study of Changshu City,China[J].Progress in Geography,2016,35(6):714-723.]
[20] 郭旭,郭恩章,陈旸.论休闲经济与城市休闲空间的发展[J].城市规划,2008,252(12):79-86.[GUO Xu,GUO Enzhang,CHEN Yang.Leisure economy and development of urban leisure space[J].City Planning Review,2008,252(12):79-86.]
[21] 宋军继.城镇休闲地规划与建设[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2006:51-55.[SONG Junji.Urban leisure planning and construction[M].Beijing:China Society Press,2006:51-55.]
[22] 湛东升,孟斌.基于社会属性的北京市居民居住与就业空间集聚特征[J].地理学报,2013,68(12):1607-1618.[ZHAN Dongsheng,MENG Bin.Spatial clustering analysis of residential and employment distribution in Beijing based on their social characteristics[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(12):1607-1618.]
[23] 董丞妍,谭亚玲,罗明良,等.中国“癌症村”的聚集格局[J].地理研究,2014,33(11):2115-2124.[DONG Chengyan,TAN Yaling,LUO Mingliang,et al.Spatial aggregation pattern of “cancer village” in China[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(11):2115-2124.]
[24] 程乾,凌素培.中国非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1166-1172.[CHENG Qian,LING Supei.Geographical distribution and affecting factors of the intangible cultural heritage in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(10):1166-1172.]
[25] 詹璇,林爱文,孙铖,等.武汉市公共交通网络中心性及其与银行网点的空间耦合性研究[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(9):1155-1166.[ZHAN Xuan,LIN Aiwen,SUN Cheng,et al.Centrality of public transportation network and its coupling with bank branches distribution in Wuhan City[J].Progress in Geography,2016,35(9):1155-1166.]
[26] 鲁政.认知地图的空间句法研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(10):1401-1410.[LU Zheng.Spatial syntactic analysis of cognitive maps[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(10):1401-1410.]
(1)老城区指1949年以前迪化城所在区域,即今新华北路、解放北路、东门和解放南路街道所在范围
(2)大、小西门:大西门位于中山路与新华北路交叉口,小西门位于民主路与新华北路交叉口,大、小西门一带是乌鲁木齐市繁华的商业圈。
(3)大十字:位于天山区解放路和中山路交汇处,是原迪化城东南西北四条街交汇处,1949年以后,大十字一带成为乌鲁木齐最繁华的商业中心。