极区电离层VHF电波闪烁的统计
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摘要
利用位于挪威斯瓦尔巴岛黄河站的三频信标接收系统的VHF波段信号强度数据,对2011年10月至2015年10月期间极区电离层VHF电波闪烁的强度、功率谱、闪烁发生次数的季节和地方时特性以及信号强度的概率密度进行了统计分析。结果表明,谱指数n与S_4指数之间存在明显正相关,且随着n的增加,S_4指数趋向饱和。强地磁活动对S_4>1. 5的强闪烁有明显抑制作用,对S_4>0. 4的闪烁也表现出一定程度的抑制作用。闪烁发生率春季最高,秋季最低,但季节依赖性不明显;闪烁的地方时依赖性主要表现为夜间发生率较低,午后发生率最高。闪烁信号强度的概率密度在S_4<0. 6时更接近Nakagami-m分布,在S_4>0. 6时更接近Rayleigh分布。
Statistical features of the intensity, power spectrum, seasonal and local-time characteristics of the number of scintillation occurrences, and probability density of signal intensity of polar ionospheric VHF scintillations were investigated based on VHF signal intensity data from the triband beacon receiving system at Yellow River station, Svalbard island, Norway, between October 2011 and October 2015. The results show that there is a clear positive correlation between the spectrum index n and the S_4 index.Besides, the S_4 index tends to saturation with the increasing n. Strong geomagnetic activities show obvious restraint effect on the strong scintillation with S_4>1.5, and restraint effect to some extent on the scintillation with S_4>0.4. In general, it shows the highest scintillation occurrence in spring and the lowest one in autumn, but the seasonal dependence is not evident; the local time dependence of scintillation is mainly manifested by the lower incidence at night and the highest incidence in the afternoon. The probability density of the scintillation signal intensity is closer to the Nakagami-m distribution when S_4<0.6, and closer to the Rayleigh distribution when S_4>0.6.
Statistical features of the intensity, power spectrum, seasonal and local-time characteristics of the number of scintillation occurrences, and probability density of signal intensity of polar ionospheric VHF scintillations were investigated based on VHF signal intensity data from the triband beacon receiving system at Yellow River station, Svalbard island, Norway, between October 2011 and October 2015. The results show that there is a clear positive correlation between the spectrum index n and the S_4 index.Besides, the S_4 index tends to saturation with the increasing n. Strong geomagnetic activities show obvious restraint effect on the strong scintillation with S_4>1.5, and restraint effect to some extent on the scintillation with S_4>0.4. In general, it shows the highest scintillation occurrence in spring and the lowest one in autumn, but the seasonal dependence is not evident; the local time dependence of scintillation is mainly manifested by the lower incidence at night and the highest incidence in the afternoon. The probability density of the scintillation signal intensity is closer to the Nakagami-m distribution when S_4<0.6, and closer to the Rayleigh distribution when S_4>0.6.
引文
[1]AARONS J,WHITNEY H E,ALLEN R S.Global mor‐phology of ionospheric scintillations[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1971,59(2):159-172.
[2]AARONS J.Global Positioning System phase fluctuations at auroral latitudes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,1997,102(A8):17219-17231.DOI:10.1029/97JA01118.
[3]AARONS J,LIN B,MENDILLO M,et al.Global Posi‐tioning System phase fluctuations and ultraviolet images from the Polar satellite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,2000,105(A3):5201-5213.
[4]BASU S,WEBER E J,BULLETT T W,et al.Charac‐teristics of plasma structuring in the cusp/cleft region at Svalbard[J].Radio Science,1998,33(6):1885-1899.
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[11]徐继生，朱劼，李莉，等.武汉与桂林L-波段电波闪烁与TEC起伏特征比较[J].电波科学学报，2007,22(2):181-186.XU J S,ZHU J,LI L,et al.Comparison of L-band radio wave scintillations and TEC fluctuations from observation of Wuhan and Guilin[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2007,22(2):181-186(Ch）.
[12]祁威，邹玉华.桂林地区GPS电离层闪烁特征分析[J].桂林电子科技大学学报，2012,32(6):451-455.QI W,ZOU Y H.Analysis of the features of GPS ionospheric scintillations in Guilin[J].Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology,2012,32(6):451-455(Ch）.
[13]LI G Z,NING B Q,REN Z P,et al.Statistics of GPSionospheric scintillation and irregularities over polar re‐gions at solar minimum[J].GPS Solutions,2010,14(4):331-341.DOI:10.1007/s10291-009-0156-x.
[14]KNEPP D L.Radar measurement of ionospheric scintilla‐tion in the polar region[J].General Assembly&Scientific Symposium,2011,50(10):1-4.
[15]PRYSE S E,KERSLEY L,RUSSELL C D.Scintillation near the F layer trough over northern Europe[J].Radio Science,1991,26(4):1105-1114.
[16]DOHERTY P H,DELAY S H,VALLADARES C E,et al.Ionospheric scintillation effects on GPS in the equato‐rial and auroral regions[J].Navigation,2003,50(4):235-245.DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.2003.tb00332.x.
[17]BASU S,GROVES K M,BASU S,et al.Specification and forecasting of scintillations in communication/navigation links:Current status and future plans[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2002,64(16):1745-1754.DOI:10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00124-4.
[18]WHITNEY H E,AARONS J,ALLEN R S,et al.Esti‐mation of the cumulative amplitude probability distribution function of ionospheric scintillations[J].Radio Science,1972,7(12):1095-1104.DOI:10.1029/RS007i012p01095.
[19]WHITNEY H E,BASU S.The effect of ionospheric scintillation on VHF/UHF satellite communications[J].Radio Science,1977,12(1):123-133.
[20]YEH K C,LIU C H.Radio wave scintillations in the iono‐sphere[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1982,70(4):324-360.DOI:10.1109/PROC.1982.12313.
[21]CHEN C H.Nonlinear Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis Methods for Signal Recognition[M].New York:Re‐search Studies Press,1982:101-120.
[22]张红波，盛冬生，刘玉梅，等.海口站电离层闪烁强度功率谱分析与建模应用[J].空间科学学报，2016,36(2):167-174.DOI:10.11.728/cjss2016.02.167.ZHANG H B,SHENG D S,LIU Y M,et al.Modeling and analysis of the power spectra of ionospheric amplitude scintillations over Haikou station and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2016,36(2):167-174.DOI:10.11.728/cjss2016.02.167(Ch）.
[23]FRANKE S J,LIU C H.Observations and modeling of multifrequency VHF and GHz scintillations in the equatorial region[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1983,88(88):7075-7085.DOI:10.1029/JA088i A09p07075.
[24]雷源汉，张凌，马淑英，等.武昌同步卫星信号振幅闪烁功率谱[J].地球物理学报，1988,31(6):630-636.LEI Y H,ZHANG L,MA S Y,et al.Spectra of VHFamplitude scintillation at Wuhan[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1988,31(6):630-636(Ch）.
[25]KERSLEY L,CHANDRA H.Power spectra of VHF in‐tensity scintillations from F2-and E-region ionospheric ir‐regularities[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Terrestrial Physics,1984,46(8):667-672.DOI:10.1016/0021-9169(84)90127-2.
[26]WERNIK A W,LIU C H,YEH K C.Model computations of radio wave scintillation caused by equatorial ionospheric bubbles[J].Radio Science,1980,15(3):559-572.
[27]LI G Z,NING B Q,YUAN H.Analysis of ionospheric scintillation spectra and TEC in the Chinese low latitude region[J].Earth,Planets and Space,2007,59(4):279-285.DOI:10.1186/BF03353105.
[28]BASU S,WHITNEY H E.The temporal structure of in‐tensity scintillations near the magnetic equator[J].Radio Science,1983,18(18):263-271.
[29]FREMOUW E J,RINO C L,LIVINGSTON R C.Atwo-component model for scintillation[C]//The Geophysical Use of Satellite Beacon Observations.Boston:Boston University,1976:463-485.
[30]FREMOUW E J,LIVINGSTON R C,MILLER D A.On the statistics of scintillating signals[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Terrestrial Physics,1980,42(8):717-731.
[31]DASHEN R.Path integrals for waves in random media[J].Journal of Mathematical Physics,1977,20(20):894-920.DOI:10.1063/1.524138.
[32]FURUHAMA Y.Probability distribution of irradiance fluctuations of beam waves in a weakly turbulent atmo‐sphere[J].Radio Science,1976,11(11):763-773.DOI:10.1029/RS011i010p00763.
[2]AARONS J.Global Positioning System phase fluctuations at auroral latitudes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,1997,102(A8):17219-17231.DOI:10.1029/97JA01118.
[3]AARONS J,LIN B,MENDILLO M,et al.Global Posi‐tioning System phase fluctuations and ultraviolet images from the Polar satellite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,2000,105(A3):5201-5213.
[4]BASU S,WEBER E J,BULLETT T W,et al.Charac‐teristics of plasma structuring in the cusp/cleft region at Svalbard[J].Radio Science,1998,33(6):1885-1899.
[5]PRIKRYL P,JAYACHANDRAN P T,CHADWICKR,et al.Climatology of GPS phase scintillation at north‐ern high latitudes for the period from 2008 to 2013[J].Annales Geophysicae,2015,33(5):531-545.DOI:10.5194/angeo-33-531-2015.
[6]PAN L J,YIN P.Analysis of Polar ionospheric scintilla‐tion characteristics based on GPS data[J].Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering,2014,303:11-18.DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-54737-9_2.
[7]马保科，常红芳，孙琳，等.极区电离层GPS信号闪烁特征统计分析[J].西安邮电大学学报，2015,20(3):92-96.DOI:10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2015.03.016.MA B K,CHANG H F,SUN L,et al.Statistical analyses on characteristics of GPS signal scintillation in high atitude ionosphere[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,2015,20(3):92-96.DOI:10.13682/j.issn.2095-6533.2015.03.016(Ch）.
[8]冯健，甄卫民，吴振森，等.极区电离层闪烁特征初步分析[J].电波科学学报，2015,30(2):232-236+256.DOI:10.13443/j.cjors.2014042101.FENG J,ZHEN W M,WU Z S,et al.The preliminary study of ionospheric scintillation characteristics in polar region[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2015,30(2):232-236+256.DOI:10.13443/j.cjors.2014042101(Ch）.
[9]ZOU Y H.Ionospheric scintillations at Guilin detected by GPS ground-based and radio occultation observations[J].Advances in Space Research,2011,47(6):945-965.DOI:10.1016/j.asr.2010.11.016.
[10]尚社平，史建魁，郭兼善，等.海南地区电离层闪烁监测及初步统计分析[J].空间科学学报，2005,25(1):23-28.SHANG S P,SHI J K,GUO J S,et al.Ionospheric scin‐tillation monitoring and preliminary statistic analysis over Hainan region[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2005,25(1):23-28(Ch）.
[11]徐继生，朱劼，李莉，等.武汉与桂林L-波段电波闪烁与TEC起伏特征比较[J].电波科学学报，2007,22(2):181-186.XU J S,ZHU J,LI L,et al.Comparison of L-band radio wave scintillations and TEC fluctuations from observation of Wuhan and Guilin[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2007,22(2):181-186(Ch）.
[12]祁威，邹玉华.桂林地区GPS电离层闪烁特征分析[J].桂林电子科技大学学报，2012,32(6):451-455.QI W,ZOU Y H.Analysis of the features of GPS ionospheric scintillations in Guilin[J].Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology,2012,32(6):451-455(Ch）.
[13]LI G Z,NING B Q,REN Z P,et al.Statistics of GPSionospheric scintillation and irregularities over polar re‐gions at solar minimum[J].GPS Solutions,2010,14(4):331-341.DOI:10.1007/s10291-009-0156-x.
[14]KNEPP D L.Radar measurement of ionospheric scintilla‐tion in the polar region[J].General Assembly&Scientific Symposium,2011,50(10):1-4.
[15]PRYSE S E,KERSLEY L,RUSSELL C D.Scintillation near the F layer trough over northern Europe[J].Radio Science,1991,26(4):1105-1114.
[16]DOHERTY P H,DELAY S H,VALLADARES C E,et al.Ionospheric scintillation effects on GPS in the equato‐rial and auroral regions[J].Navigation,2003,50(4):235-245.DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.2003.tb00332.x.
[17]BASU S,GROVES K M,BASU S,et al.Specification and forecasting of scintillations in communication/navigation links:Current status and future plans[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2002,64(16):1745-1754.DOI:10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00124-4.
[18]WHITNEY H E,AARONS J,ALLEN R S,et al.Esti‐mation of the cumulative amplitude probability distribution function of ionospheric scintillations[J].Radio Science,1972,7(12):1095-1104.DOI:10.1029/RS007i012p01095.
[19]WHITNEY H E,BASU S.The effect of ionospheric scintillation on VHF/UHF satellite communications[J].Radio Science,1977,12(1):123-133.
[20]YEH K C,LIU C H.Radio wave scintillations in the iono‐sphere[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1982,70(4):324-360.DOI:10.1109/PROC.1982.12313.
[21]CHEN C H.Nonlinear Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis Methods for Signal Recognition[M].New York:Re‐search Studies Press,1982:101-120.
[22]张红波，盛冬生，刘玉梅，等.海口站电离层闪烁强度功率谱分析与建模应用[J].空间科学学报，2016,36(2):167-174.DOI:10.11.728/cjss2016.02.167.ZHANG H B,SHENG D S,LIU Y M,et al.Modeling and analysis of the power spectra of ionospheric amplitude scintillations over Haikou station and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2016,36(2):167-174.DOI:10.11.728/cjss2016.02.167(Ch）.
[23]FRANKE S J,LIU C H.Observations and modeling of multifrequency VHF and GHz scintillations in the equatorial region[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1983,88(88):7075-7085.DOI:10.1029/JA088i A09p07075.
[24]雷源汉，张凌，马淑英，等.武昌同步卫星信号振幅闪烁功率谱[J].地球物理学报，1988,31(6):630-636.LEI Y H,ZHANG L,MA S Y,et al.Spectra of VHFamplitude scintillation at Wuhan[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1988,31(6):630-636(Ch）.
[25]KERSLEY L,CHANDRA H.Power spectra of VHF in‐tensity scintillations from F2-and E-region ionospheric ir‐regularities[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Terrestrial Physics,1984,46(8):667-672.DOI:10.1016/0021-9169(84)90127-2.
[26]WERNIK A W,LIU C H,YEH K C.Model computations of radio wave scintillation caused by equatorial ionospheric bubbles[J].Radio Science,1980,15(3):559-572.
[27]LI G Z,NING B Q,YUAN H.Analysis of ionospheric scintillation spectra and TEC in the Chinese low latitude region[J].Earth,Planets and Space,2007,59(4):279-285.DOI:10.1186/BF03353105.
[28]BASU S,WHITNEY H E.The temporal structure of in‐tensity scintillations near the magnetic equator[J].Radio Science,1983,18(18):263-271.
[29]FREMOUW E J,RINO C L,LIVINGSTON R C.Atwo-component model for scintillation[C]//The Geophysical Use of Satellite Beacon Observations.Boston:Boston University,1976:463-485.
[30]FREMOUW E J,LIVINGSTON R C,MILLER D A.On the statistics of scintillating signals[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Terrestrial Physics,1980,42(8):717-731.
[31]DASHEN R.Path integrals for waves in random media[J].Journal of Mathematical Physics,1977,20(20):894-920.DOI:10.1063/1.524138.
[32]FURUHAMA Y.Probability distribution of irradiance fluctuations of beam waves in a weakly turbulent atmo‐sphere[J].Radio Science,1976,11(11):763-773.DOI:10.1029/RS011i010p00763.