天山天池景区道路灰尘磁学特性及其环境意义
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摘要
为验证环境磁学方法监测和预测旅游景区道路灰尘环境的可行性,以新疆天山天池5A级旅游景区内道路灰尘为研究对象,共采集道路灰尘样品40个、道路旁表土样品35个,并对其进行环境磁学分析。结果表明,天山天池道路灰尘磁性主要由亚铁磁性的磁铁矿主导,含有少量不完全反铁磁性矿物,主要以多畴(MD)粗颗粒和稳定单畴(SSD)为主,伴有极少量的超顺磁性颗粒颗粒(SP);景区道路灰尘样品磁性增强与人为交通活动产生的磁性颗粒外源输入密切相关;从道路样品磁性参数的空间分布看,χLF、χARM、SIRM、SOFT的空间变化趋势类似,高值区位于民族文化村和纪念品商店,中值区出现在天山奇石馆,低值区分布在定海神针和秀水山庄。景区不同道路旅游交通的流量和强度是形成磁性特征空间分布格局的主因。研究发现,环境磁学方法基本具有大范围监测景区道路环境质量、圈定潜在污染范围和判别污染物来源的潜力,并能为景区道路交通污染防治提供了参考依据。
In order to verify the feasibility of environmental magnetic methods to monitor and predict the road dust environment of scenic spot, the environmental magnetic properties, spatial variation and environmental implications of road dust samples in Tianchi Scenic Spot of Xinjiang were analyzed by collecting 40 road dust samples and 35 roadside topsoil samples. The results showed that the content of magnetic minerals of road dust samples had higher values;the magnetic properties of road dust samples were predominated by ferromagnetic minerals(magnetite). The samples also contained some amount of anti-ferromagnetic minerals. The magnetic grains were mainly multidomain(MD) and stable single domain(SSD) coarser particles and less superparamagnetic(SP) particles. The magnetic enhancement of road dust samples in the Scenic Spot was mainly the source of magnetic pollutants input from tourism traffic activities. From the spatial distribution of magnetic parameters of road dust samples, the spatial variation trends of χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT were similar, with high value appearing in the area surrounding the Ethnic Culture Village and Souvenir Shop,the middle value appeared in the roads to Tianshan Wonder Stone Museum and the low value distributed in the area of pillar that pacifies the oceans and Xiushui Villa. The traffic volume and intensity of different roads were the main reasons to form the spatial distribution of magnetic properties. It is found that environmental magnetic methods have the potential for monitoring the environmental quality of road environment, delineating potential pollution range and identifying the potential of pollutant sources, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of road traffic pollution in scenic spots.
In order to verify the feasibility of environmental magnetic methods to monitor and predict the road dust environment of scenic spot, the environmental magnetic properties, spatial variation and environmental implications of road dust samples in Tianchi Scenic Spot of Xinjiang were analyzed by collecting 40 road dust samples and 35 roadside topsoil samples. The results showed that the content of magnetic minerals of road dust samples had higher values;the magnetic properties of road dust samples were predominated by ferromagnetic minerals(magnetite). The samples also contained some amount of anti-ferromagnetic minerals. The magnetic grains were mainly multidomain(MD) and stable single domain(SSD) coarser particles and less superparamagnetic(SP) particles. The magnetic enhancement of road dust samples in the Scenic Spot was mainly the source of magnetic pollutants input from tourism traffic activities. From the spatial distribution of magnetic parameters of road dust samples, the spatial variation trends of χLF, χARM, SIRM and SOFT were similar, with high value appearing in the area surrounding the Ethnic Culture Village and Souvenir Shop,the middle value appeared in the roads to Tianshan Wonder Stone Museum and the low value distributed in the area of pillar that pacifies the oceans and Xiushui Villa. The traffic volume and intensity of different roads were the main reasons to form the spatial distribution of magnetic properties. It is found that environmental magnetic methods have the potential for monitoring the environmental quality of road environment, delineating potential pollution range and identifying the potential of pollutant sources, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of road traffic pollution in scenic spots.
引文
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[26]卢升高,白世强.杭州城区土壤的磁性与磁性矿物学及其环境意义[J].地球物理学报, 2008,51(3):762-769.Lu Shenggao, Bai Shiqiang. Magnetic characterization and magnetic mineralogy of Hangzhou urban soils and its environmental implications[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(3):762-769.
[27]王博,夏敦胜,余晔,等.兰州城市土壤磁性特征及其对环境污染的指示[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(6):1033-1044.Wang Bo, Xia Dunsheng, Yu Ye, et al. Magnetic properties of the urban soils in Lanzhou and their environmental implications[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(6):1033-1044.
[28]王博,夏敦胜,余晔,等.典型沙漠绿洲城市表土磁性特征及环境指示意义[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(3):891-905.Wang Bo, Xia Dunsheng, Yu Ye, et al. Magnetic properties of urban soils from typical oasis cities and their environmental implications[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2014,57(3):891-905.
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[32]薛勇,周倩,李远,等.曹妃甸围填海土壤重金属积累的磁化率指示研究[J].环境科学, 2016,37(4):1306-1312.Xue Yong,Zhou Qian,Li Yuan, et al. Heavy metals accumulation in Caofeidian reclamation soils:indicated by soil magnetic susceptibility[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,37(4):1306-1312.
[33]刘德新,马建华,孙艳丽,等.开封市城市土壤磁化率空间分布及对重金属污染的指示意义[J].土壤学报, 2014(6):1242-1250.Liu Dexin, Ma Jianhua, Sun Yanli, et al. Spatial distribution of urban soil magnetic susceptibility and its implication as indicator of heavy metal pollution in Kaifeng City[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014(6):1242-1250.
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[2]唐荣莉,马克明,张育新,等.北京市道路灰尘中污染物含量沿城乡梯度、道路密度梯度的变化特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):364-372.Tang Rongli, Ma Keming, Zhang Yuxin, et al. Content trends of pollutants in street dust of Beijing along the urbanrural gradient and road density gradient[J]. Environmental Science, 2013,34(1):364-372.
[3]赵庆磊,李凤全,王天阳,等.金华市街道灰尘磁化率与交通因素的关系[J].地理研究, 2014,33(4):635-642.Zhao Qinglei, Li Fengquan, Wang Tianyang, et al. Study on the relationship between magnetic susceptibility of street dust and traffic factors in Jinhua City[J]. Geographical Research, 2014,33(4):635-642.
[4]石栋奇,卢新卫.西安城区路面细颗粒灰尘重金属污染水平及来源分析[J].环境科学, 2018,39(7):3126-3133.Shi Dongqi,Lu Xinwei. Contamination levels and source analysis of heavy metals in the finer particles of urban road dust from Xi'an[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(7):3126-3133.
[5] Maher B A, Prospero J M, Mackie D, et al. Global connections between aeolian dust, climate and ocean biogeochemistry at the present day and at the last glacial maximum[J].Earth Science Reviews, 2010,99(1):61-97.
[6] Pant P, Harrison R M. Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements:a review[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,77(7):78-97.
[7] Thorpe A, Harrison R M. Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic:a review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2008,400(1):270-282.
[8] Wong J W C, Mak N K. Heavy metal pollution in children playgrounds in Hong Kong and its health implications[J].Environmental Technology Letters, 1997,18(1):109-115.
[9] Hakan Arslan. Heavy metals in street dust in Bursa, Turkey[J]. Journal of Trace&Microprobe Techniques, 2001,19(3):439-445.
[10] Wei B G, Jiang F Q, Li X M, et al. Contamination levels assessment of potential toxic metals in road dust deposited in different types of urban environment[J]. Environmental Earth Science, 2010,61:1187-1196.
[11] Aeliona C M, Davisa H T, Mcdermottb S, et al. Metal concentrations in rural topsoil in south Carolina:potential for human health impact[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2008,402:149-156.
[12]张俊辉,王瑾,张健,等.宝鸡市街道尘埃磁学特征空间分布及环境意义[J].环境科学, 2015,36(5):1818-1826.Zhang Junhui, Wang Jin, Zhang Jian, et al. Spatial distribution of magnetic properties of street dust in Baoji City and its implications of environment[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1818-1826.
[13]聂燕,王新,王博,等.西北典型工矿型城市街道尘埃重金属污染的环境磁学响应[J].环境科学, 2015(9):3438-3446.Nie Yan,Wang Xin,Wang Bo, et al. Magnetic responses of heavy metals in street dust of typical mine-based city, northwest China[J]. Environmental Science, 2015(9):3438-3446.
[14]李永涛,顾延生,曲赞,等.武昌地区街道尘埃磁学特征及其对环境污染的指示意义[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(2):499-506,513.Li Yongtao, Gu Yansheng, Qu Zan, et al. Magnetic properties of street dust and their implications for environmental pollution from Wuchang District in Hubei Province[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition, 2012, 42(2):499-506,513.
[15]杨萍果.山西襄汾农田土壤磁化率和养分空间变异性[J].中国沙漠, 2013,33(3):813-818.Yang Pingguo. Spatial variability of soil magnetic susceptibility and nutrients in Xiangfen, Shanxi Province[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2013,33(3):813-818.
[16] KapicKa A, Jordanova N, Petrovsky E, et al. Effect of different soil conditions on magnetic parameters of power-plant fly ashes[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2001,48(2):93-102.
[17] Lecoanet H, Leveque F, Ambrosi J P. Magnetic properties of salt-marsh soils contaminated by iron industry emissions(southeast France)[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2001,48(2):67-81.
[18] Hanesch M, Scholger R. Mapping of heavy metal loadings in soils by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements[J]. Environmental Geology, 2002,42(8):857-870.
[19]夏敦胜,马剑英,王冠,等.环境磁学及其在西北干旱区环境研究中的问题[J].地学前缘, 2006,13(3):168-179.Xia Dunsheng, Ma Jianying, Wang Guan, et al. Environmental magnetism concepts and their applications to environmental studies in arid regions, Northwest China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2006,13(3):168-179.
[20]全婷婷,陈学刚,魏疆.新疆天山天池景区土壤磁学特征及其环境意义[J].干旱区研究, 2017,34(6):1286-1293.Quan Tingting, Chen Xuegang, Wei Jiang. Magnetic properties of topsoil and its environmental implications in Tianshan Tianchi Scenic Spot,Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research,2017,34(6):1286-1293.
[21]时卉,杨兆萍,韩芳,等.新疆天池景区生态安全度时空分异特征与驱动机制[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(3):475-485.Shi Hui, Yang Zhaoping, Han Fang, et al. Characteristics of temporal-spatial differences in landscape ecological security and the driving mechanism in Tianchi Scenic Zone of Xinjiang[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013,32(3):475-485.
[22]冯晓华,汪锦,虞敬峰.天山天池景区居民旅游影响感知及旅游参与[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2015,29(12):227-232.Feng Xiaohua,Wang Jin,Yu Jingfeng. The tourism perception and tourism participation of the residents lived in Tianshan Tianchi Scenic Spot[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2015,29(12):227-232.
[23] Maher B A,Thompson R. Quaternary Climates, Environments and Magnetism[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999:49-53.
[24] Liu Q S,Roberts A P,Larrasoa a J C,et al. Environmental magnetism:principles and applications[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,2012,50(4).
[25]魏海涛,夏敦胜,陈发虎,等.新疆表土磁学性质及其环境意义[J].干旱区地理:汉文版, 2009,32(5):666-681.Wei Haitao,Xia Dunsheng,Chen Fahu,et al. Magnetic characteristics of surface soil and its significance in Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography:Chinese Edition, 2009,32(5):666-681.
[26]卢升高,白世强.杭州城区土壤的磁性与磁性矿物学及其环境意义[J].地球物理学报, 2008,51(3):762-769.Lu Shenggao, Bai Shiqiang. Magnetic characterization and magnetic mineralogy of Hangzhou urban soils and its environmental implications[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(3):762-769.
[27]王博,夏敦胜,余晔,等.兰州城市土壤磁性特征及其对环境污染的指示[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(6):1033-1044.Wang Bo, Xia Dunsheng, Yu Ye, et al. Magnetic properties of the urban soils in Lanzhou and their environmental implications[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(6):1033-1044.
[28]王博,夏敦胜,余晔,等.典型沙漠绿洲城市表土磁性特征及环境指示意义[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(3):891-905.Wang Bo, Xia Dunsheng, Yu Ye, et al. Magnetic properties of urban soils from typical oasis cities and their environmental implications[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2014,57(3):891-905.
[29] Maher B A. Magnetic properties of some synthetic sub-micron magnetites[J]. Geophysical Journal, 1988,94(1):83-96.
[30] King J,Banerjee S K,Marvin J,et al. A comparison of different magnetic methods for determining the relative grain size of magnetite in natural materials:some results from lake sediments[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1982,59(2):404-419.
[31]旺罗,刘东生,吕厚远.污染土壤的磁化率特征[J].科学通报, 2000,45(10):1091-1094.Wang Luo,Liu Dongsheng,Lyu Houyuan. Magnetic properties of contaminated soil[J]. Chinese Science,2000,45(10):1091-1094.
[32]薛勇,周倩,李远,等.曹妃甸围填海土壤重金属积累的磁化率指示研究[J].环境科学, 2016,37(4):1306-1312.Xue Yong,Zhou Qian,Li Yuan, et al. Heavy metals accumulation in Caofeidian reclamation soils:indicated by soil magnetic susceptibility[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,37(4):1306-1312.
[33]刘德新,马建华,孙艳丽,等.开封市城市土壤磁化率空间分布及对重金属污染的指示意义[J].土壤学报, 2014(6):1242-1250.Liu Dexin, Ma Jianhua, Sun Yanli, et al. Spatial distribution of urban soil magnetic susceptibility and its implication as indicator of heavy metal pollution in Kaifeng City[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014(6):1242-1250.
[34]依艳丽,谷微微,张大庚,等.葫芦岛市土壤磁化率与重金属元素分布规律及其相关性研究[J].土壤, 2008,40(5):806-811.Yi Yanli, Gu Weiwei, Zhang Dageng, et al. Distribution of soil magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal elements and their correlativity in Huludao City[J]. Soils, 2008,40(5):806-811.
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