Assessing the impacts of ecological-living-productive land changes on eco-environmental quality in Xining City on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
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摘要
The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL) classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path, with the development model shifting from a single function into more integrated multifunction land use. The focus is coordinating the man-land contradictions and developing an intensive, efficient and sustainable land use policy in an increasingly tense relationship between humans and nature. Driven by socioeconomic change and rapid population growth, many cities are undergoing urban sprawl, which involves the consumption of cropland and ecological land and threatens the ecological balance. This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the critical effects of ELPL changes on eco-environmental quality according to land use classification based on leading function of ecology, living and production from 1990 to 2015 with a case study of Xining City. Also, four future land use scenarios were simulated for2030 using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS) model that couples human and natural effects. Our results show a decrease in productive land(PL) and an increase in ecological land(EL) and living land(LL) in Xining City. Forestry ecological land(FEL) covered the top largest proportion; agriculture productive land(APL) showed the greatest reduction and urban and rural living land(U-RLL) presented a dramatic increase. The eco-environmental quality improved in 1990-2010, mainly affected by the conversion of APL to FEL and GEL. However, the encroachment of U-RLL into APL, other ecological land(OEL) and FEL was the main contributor to the decline in eco-environmental quality in 2010-2015 as well as the primary reason for the increase area of lower-quality. The Harmonious Development(HD)-Scenario, characterized by a rational allocation of LL and PL and a better eco-environment, would have implications for planning and monitoring future management of ELPL, and may represent a valuable reference for local policy-makers.
The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL) classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path, with the development model shifting from a single function into more integrated multifunction land use. The focus is coordinating the man-land contradictions and developing an intensive, efficient and sustainable land use policy in an increasingly tense relationship between humans and nature. Driven by socioeconomic change and rapid population growth, many cities are undergoing urban sprawl, which involves the consumption of cropland and ecological land and threatens the ecological balance. This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the critical effects of ELPL changes on eco-environmental quality according to land use classification based on leading function of ecology, living and production from 1990 to 2015 with a case study of Xining City. Also, four future land use scenarios were simulated for2030 using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS) model that couples human and natural effects. Our results show a decrease in productive land(PL) and an increase in ecological land(EL) and living land(LL) in Xining City. Forestry ecological land(FEL) covered the top largest proportion; agriculture productive land(APL) showed the greatest reduction and urban and rural living land(U-RLL) presented a dramatic increase. The eco-environmental quality improved in 1990-2010, mainly affected by the conversion of APL to FEL and GEL. However, the encroachment of U-RLL into APL, other ecological land(OEL) and FEL was the main contributor to the decline in eco-environmental quality in 2010-2015 as well as the primary reason for the increase area of lower-quality. The Harmonious Development(HD)-Scenario, characterized by a rational allocation of LL and PL and a better eco-environment, would have implications for planning and monitoring future management of ELPL, and may represent a valuable reference for local policy-makers.
The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL) classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path, with the development model shifting from a single function into more integrated multifunction land use. The focus is coordinating the man-land contradictions and developing an intensive, efficient and sustainable land use policy in an increasingly tense relationship between humans and nature. Driven by socioeconomic change and rapid population growth, many cities are undergoing urban sprawl, which involves the consumption of cropland and ecological land and threatens the ecological balance. This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the critical effects of ELPL changes on eco-environmental quality according to land use classification based on leading function of ecology, living and production from 1990 to 2015 with a case study of Xining City. Also, four future land use scenarios were simulated for2030 using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS) model that couples human and natural effects. Our results show a decrease in productive land(PL) and an increase in ecological land(EL) and living land(LL) in Xining City. Forestry ecological land(FEL) covered the top largest proportion; agriculture productive land(APL) showed the greatest reduction and urban and rural living land(U-RLL) presented a dramatic increase. The eco-environmental quality improved in 1990-2010, mainly affected by the conversion of APL to FEL and GEL. However, the encroachment of U-RLL into APL, other ecological land(OEL) and FEL was the main contributor to the decline in eco-environmental quality in 2010-2015 as well as the primary reason for the increase area of lower-quality. The Harmonious Development(HD)-Scenario, characterized by a rational allocation of LL and PL and a better eco-environment, would have implications for planning and monitoring future management of ELPL, and may represent a valuable reference for local policy-makers.
引文
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Hoyos LE,Cabido MR,Cingolani AM,2018.A multivariate approach to study drivers of land-cover changes through re‐mote sensing in the dry chaco of Argentina.International Journal of Geo-Information,7(5):170-184.DOI:10.3390/ijgi7050170.
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Li WS,Li JF,Yao Y,et al.,2016.Consolidation division of rural residential areas based on reconstruction of production,liv‐ing and ecology space:A case study of Guandang Town of Shayang County in Jingzhou City of Hubei Province.Areal Research and Development,35(1):139-143.(in Chinese)
Li XW,Fang CL,Huang JC,2003.The urban land use tranfor‐mations and associated effects on eco-enviroment in north‐west China arid region:a case study in Hexi region,Gansu Province.Quaternary Sciences,23(3):280-290.(in Chinese)
Li YC,Liu CM,Yu JJ,2006.Trade-off of conflict between wet‐land protection and farmland reclamation in the Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,28(1):39-42.(in Chinese)
Liang X,Liu XP,Li X,et al.,2018.Delineating multi-scenario urban growth boundaries with a CA-based FLUS model and morphological method.Landscape and Urban Plan‐ning,177:47-63.DOI:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.04.016.
Liu C,Liu JC,2007.Influences of grain for green project on food security in China.Journal of Beijing Forestry Univer‐sity(Social Sciences),6(4):42-47.(in Chinese)
Liu JL,Liu YS,Li YR,2017a.Classification evaluation and spatial-temporal analysis of"production-living-ecological"spaces in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,72(7):1290-1304.DOI:10.11821/dlxb201707013.
Liu XP,Liang X,Xu XC,et al.,2017b.A future land use simu‐lation model(FLUS)for simulating multiple land use sce‐narios by coupling Human and Natural Effects.Landscape and Urban Plan,168:94-116.DOI:10.1016/j.landurb‐plan.2017.09.019.
Mendelsohn R,Dinar A,1999.Climate change,agriculture,and developing countries:Does adaptation matter?The World Bank Research Observer,14(2):277-293.DOI:10.1093/wbro/14.2.277.
Pan L,Shan TZ,Tang ZY,2014.Urban layout research base the integration theory of production,life and ecology:Wen‐zhou example.Planners,30(S3):265-270.(in Chinese)
Pradhan P,Lüdeke MKB,Reusser DE,et al.,2014.Food selfsufficiency across scales:How local can we go?Environ‐mental Science and Technology,48(16):9463-9470.DOI:10.1021/es5005939.
Schluessel V,Bennett MB,Bleckmann H,et al.,2008.Morpho‐metric and ultrastructural comparison of the olfactory sys‐tem in elasmobranchs:the significance of structure-func‐tion relationships based on phylogeny and ecology.Journal of Morphology,269(11):1365-1386.DOI:10.1002/jmor.10661.
Tan Y,Xu H,Zhang X,2016.Sustainable urbanization in Chi‐na:A comprehensive literature review.Cities,55:82-93.DOI:10.1016/j.cities.2016.04.002.
Verstegen JA,Karssenberg D,van der Hilst F,et al.,2016.De‐tecting systemic change in a land use system by Bayesian data assimilation.Environmental Modelling and Software,75:424-438.DOI:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.02.013.
Xu J,Zhou YK,Jin XB,et al.,2007.Discussing virgin land clas‐sification subsystem based on the protection of the eco-envi‐ronment.Resources Science,29(2):137-141.(in Chinese)
Yan YC,Liu XP,Wang FY,et al.,2017.Assessing the impacts of urban sprawl on net primary productivity using fusion of Landsat and MODIS data.Science of the Total Environ‐ment,613:1417-1429.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.139.
Yang QK,Duan XJ,Wang L,et al.,2017.Land use transforma‐tion based on ecological-production-living spaces and asso‐ciated eco-environment effects:A case study in the Yangtze River Delta.Scientia Geographica Sinica,37(1):1-10.DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.01.011.
Yu C,Wang ZQ,Yang J,et al.,2015.Coupling relationships of land consolidation and reconstruction of rural"productionliving-ecological"spaces.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,43(7):447-451.(in Chinese)
Yue J,Zhang XM,2003.A discussion on the classification of land use in China.Arid Land Geography,26(1):78-88.DOI:10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2003.01.015.
Zhang CG,Fang CL,2002.Driving mechanism analysis of ecological-economic-social capacity interactions in oasis systems of arid lands.Journal of Natural Resources,17(2):181-187.DOI:10.11849/zrzyxb.2002.02.009.
Zhang HQ,Xu EQ,Zhu HY,2015.An ecological-living-indus‐trial land classification system and its spatial distribution in China.Resources Science,37(7):1332-1338.(in Chinese)
Zhang HQ,Xu EQ,Zhu HY,2017.Ecological-Living-Produc‐tive Land Classification System in China.Journal of Re‐sources and Ecology,8(2):121-128.DOI:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2017.02.002.
Zhang Y,2005.Multiple-use forestry vs.forestland-use special‐ization revisited.Forest Policy and Economics,7(2):143-156.DOI:10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00028-5.
Zhang YL,Li XB,Fu XF,et al.,2000.Urban land use change in Lhasa.Acta Geographica Sinica,55(4):395-406.(in Chinese)
Zhou D,Xu JC,Lin ZL,2017.Conflict or coordination?As‐sessing land use multi-functionalization using productionliving-ecology analysis.Science of the Total Environment,577:136-147.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.143.
Zhu H,Li XB,2003.Discussion on the index method of re‐gional land use change.Acta Geographica Sinica,8(5):643-650.DOI:10.11821/xb200305001.
Barrett CB,Travis AJ,Dasgupta P,2011.On biodiversity con‐servation and poverty traps.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,108:13907-13912.DOI:10.1073/pnas.1011521108.
Cai EX,Jing Y,Liu YL,et al.,2018.Spatial-temporal patterns and driving forces of ecological-living-production land in Hubei Province,Central China.Sustainability,10(1):66-80.DOI:10.3390/su10010066.
Chu D,Zhang YL,Zheng D,2005.Land use change scenario in Lhasa district using Markov chain model.Geographical Research,24(6):869-877.(in Chinese)
Chu D,Zhang YL,Zheng D,2006.Land use change in Lhasa area,Tibet from 1990 to 2000.Acta Geographica Sinica,61(10):1075-1083.(in Chinese)
Cui J,Zang SY,2013.Regional disparities of land use changes and their eco-environmental effects in Harbin-Daqing-Qiqi‐har Industrial Corridor.Geographical Research,32(5):848-856.DOI:10.11821/yj2013050008.
Dang LJ,Xu Y,Gao Y,2014.Assessment method of functional land use classification and spatial system:A case study of Yangou Watershed.Research of Soil and Water Conserva‐tion,21(5):193-197.(in Chinese)
Fan J,2015.Draft of major function oriented zoning of China.Acta Geographica Sinica,70(2):186-201.DOI:10.11821/dlxb201502002.
Fu Y,Xiao JS,Xiao RX,et al.,2009.Analysis and simulation prediction on LUCC of Xining city based on RS and GIS.Transactions of the CSAE,25(7):211-218.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.07.039.
Gu SZ,Hu YG,Zhou H,2013.Ecological civilization construc‐tion:Scientific connotation and basic paths.Resources Sci‐ence,35(1):2-13.(in Chinese)
Han Z,Song W,Deng XZ,2016.Responses of ecosystem ser‐vice to land use change in Qinghai Province.Energies,9(4):303-318.DOI:10.3390/en9040303.
Hoyos LE,Cabido MR,Cingolani AM,2018.A multivariate approach to study drivers of land-cover changes through re‐mote sensing in the dry chaco of Argentina.International Journal of Geo-Information,7(5):170-184.DOI:10.3390/ijgi7050170.
Jia ZM,Ma BR,Zhang J,et al.,2018.Simulating spatial-tem‐poral changes of land-use based on ecological redline re‐strictions and landscape driving factors:A case study in Beijing.Sustainability,10(4):1299-1316.DOI:10.3390/su10041299.
Jiang B,Bai Y,Wong CP,et al.,2019.China's ecological civili‐zation program-Implementing ecological redline policy.Land Use,81:111-114.DOI:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.031.
Li WS,Li JF,Yao Y,et al.,2016.Consolidation division of rural residential areas based on reconstruction of production,liv‐ing and ecology space:A case study of Guandang Town of Shayang County in Jingzhou City of Hubei Province.Areal Research and Development,35(1):139-143.(in Chinese)
Li XW,Fang CL,Huang JC,2003.The urban land use tranfor‐mations and associated effects on eco-enviroment in north‐west China arid region:a case study in Hexi region,Gansu Province.Quaternary Sciences,23(3):280-290.(in Chinese)
Li YC,Liu CM,Yu JJ,2006.Trade-off of conflict between wet‐land protection and farmland reclamation in the Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,28(1):39-42.(in Chinese)
Liang X,Liu XP,Li X,et al.,2018.Delineating multi-scenario urban growth boundaries with a CA-based FLUS model and morphological method.Landscape and Urban Plan‐ning,177:47-63.DOI:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.04.016.
Liu C,Liu JC,2007.Influences of grain for green project on food security in China.Journal of Beijing Forestry Univer‐sity(Social Sciences),6(4):42-47.(in Chinese)
Liu JL,Liu YS,Li YR,2017a.Classification evaluation and spatial-temporal analysis of"production-living-ecological"spaces in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,72(7):1290-1304.DOI:10.11821/dlxb201707013.
Liu XP,Liang X,Xu XC,et al.,2017b.A future land use simu‐lation model(FLUS)for simulating multiple land use sce‐narios by coupling Human and Natural Effects.Landscape and Urban Plan,168:94-116.DOI:10.1016/j.landurb‐plan.2017.09.019.
Mendelsohn R,Dinar A,1999.Climate change,agriculture,and developing countries:Does adaptation matter?The World Bank Research Observer,14(2):277-293.DOI:10.1093/wbro/14.2.277.
Pan L,Shan TZ,Tang ZY,2014.Urban layout research base the integration theory of production,life and ecology:Wen‐zhou example.Planners,30(S3):265-270.(in Chinese)
Pradhan P,Lüdeke MKB,Reusser DE,et al.,2014.Food selfsufficiency across scales:How local can we go?Environ‐mental Science and Technology,48(16):9463-9470.DOI:10.1021/es5005939.
Schluessel V,Bennett MB,Bleckmann H,et al.,2008.Morpho‐metric and ultrastructural comparison of the olfactory sys‐tem in elasmobranchs:the significance of structure-func‐tion relationships based on phylogeny and ecology.Journal of Morphology,269(11):1365-1386.DOI:10.1002/jmor.10661.
Tan Y,Xu H,Zhang X,2016.Sustainable urbanization in Chi‐na:A comprehensive literature review.Cities,55:82-93.DOI:10.1016/j.cities.2016.04.002.
Verstegen JA,Karssenberg D,van der Hilst F,et al.,2016.De‐tecting systemic change in a land use system by Bayesian data assimilation.Environmental Modelling and Software,75:424-438.DOI:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.02.013.
Xu J,Zhou YK,Jin XB,et al.,2007.Discussing virgin land clas‐sification subsystem based on the protection of the eco-envi‐ronment.Resources Science,29(2):137-141.(in Chinese)
Yan YC,Liu XP,Wang FY,et al.,2017.Assessing the impacts of urban sprawl on net primary productivity using fusion of Landsat and MODIS data.Science of the Total Environ‐ment,613:1417-1429.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.139.
Yang QK,Duan XJ,Wang L,et al.,2017.Land use transforma‐tion based on ecological-production-living spaces and asso‐ciated eco-environment effects:A case study in the Yangtze River Delta.Scientia Geographica Sinica,37(1):1-10.DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.01.011.
Yu C,Wang ZQ,Yang J,et al.,2015.Coupling relationships of land consolidation and reconstruction of rural"productionliving-ecological"spaces.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,43(7):447-451.(in Chinese)
Yue J,Zhang XM,2003.A discussion on the classification of land use in China.Arid Land Geography,26(1):78-88.DOI:10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2003.01.015.
Zhang CG,Fang CL,2002.Driving mechanism analysis of ecological-economic-social capacity interactions in oasis systems of arid lands.Journal of Natural Resources,17(2):181-187.DOI:10.11849/zrzyxb.2002.02.009.
Zhang HQ,Xu EQ,Zhu HY,2015.An ecological-living-indus‐trial land classification system and its spatial distribution in China.Resources Science,37(7):1332-1338.(in Chinese)
Zhang HQ,Xu EQ,Zhu HY,2017.Ecological-Living-Produc‐tive Land Classification System in China.Journal of Re‐sources and Ecology,8(2):121-128.DOI:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2017.02.002.
Zhang Y,2005.Multiple-use forestry vs.forestland-use special‐ization revisited.Forest Policy and Economics,7(2):143-156.DOI:10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00028-5.
Zhang YL,Li XB,Fu XF,et al.,2000.Urban land use change in Lhasa.Acta Geographica Sinica,55(4):395-406.(in Chinese)
Zhou D,Xu JC,Lin ZL,2017.Conflict or coordination?As‐sessing land use multi-functionalization using productionliving-ecology analysis.Science of the Total Environment,577:136-147.DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.143.
Zhu H,Li XB,2003.Discussion on the index method of re‐gional land use change.Acta Geographica Sinica,8(5):643-650.DOI:10.11821/xb200305001.