戈壁地区煤田野外地震勘探资料采集的技术难点分析与对策
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摘要
针对戈壁地区松散的砾石层地震信号衰减快、频率降低和能量减弱的特点,以及煤层倾角大、煤层埋藏深度变化大和潜水面的影响,笔者对戈壁地区煤田地震勘探的野外采集技术难点进行了分析探讨,并提出相应的技术对策:1地表条件复杂、潜水位变化大的地区采用汽车钻机成孔。2煤层埋藏深度小、倾角小于15°的地区采取小排列、小药量、中点放炮激发。3煤层埋藏深度大、倾角大于15°的地区采取大排列,能量足够情况下,采用小药量、端点放炮激发。最后通过实例补充说明。
In Gobi area with loose gravel bed,the seismic signal attenuates fast,making frequency and energy be lowered;in addition,the coal seam has a changeable buried depth and steep dip angle.Aiming at this problem,we analyzed the difficulties of gathering seismic data in coal field and proposed some corresponding technical countermeasures:①Using car-drill into a hole in complex surface where has complex conditions and changeable water table;② in the area where the burial depth of coal seam is shallow and the dip angle is less than 45°,a small order,a small amount of explosives,and mid-point shooting excitation are used;③ in the area where the burial depth of coal seam is big and the dip angle issteeper than 45°,a large orde,a small amount of explosives,and the endpoint excitation are used.
In Gobi area with loose gravel bed,the seismic signal attenuates fast,making frequency and energy be lowered;in addition,the coal seam has a changeable buried depth and steep dip angle.Aiming at this problem,we analyzed the difficulties of gathering seismic data in coal field and proposed some corresponding technical countermeasures:①Using car-drill into a hole in complex surface where has complex conditions and changeable water table;② in the area where the burial depth of coal seam is shallow and the dip angle is less than 45°,a small order,a small amount of explosives,and mid-point shooting excitation are used;③ in the area where the burial depth of coal seam is big and the dip angle issteeper than 45°,a large orde,a small amount of explosives,and the endpoint excitation are used.
引文
1张孝文,张向鹏.砂墩子煤矿三维地震勘探报告,2008.
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程建远.三维地震资料微机解释性处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Cheng Jianyuan.Computer explanatory processing technol-ogy about3D seismic data[M].Petroleum IndustryPress,Beijing,2002.
张广忠,郝鹏.江西复杂地质构造区三维地震勘探技术[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(增刊):60-62.Zhang Guangzhong,Hao Peng.3D seismic explorationtechnology in Jiangxi complex geological structure area[J].Coal Sinica,2006,31(Supplement):60-62.
陕西省地球物理学会.中国西部地球物理研究与实践[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社.2007.Geophysical Society of Shaanxi Province.Geophysical Re-search and Practice in Western China[M].Shaanxi Sci-ence and Technology Press,Xi'an,2007.
唐建益,方正.煤矿采区实用地震勘探技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998.Tang Jianyi,Fang Zheng.Practice of seismic explorationtechnology in Coal mining area[M].Coal IndustryPress,Beijing,1998.
张亚敏,张书法,王辉.复杂地形地震剖面上的陷井及物探解释方法[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(3):299-301.Zhang Yamin,Zhang Shufa,Wang Hui.Trap of seismic sec-tion and Geophysical Interpretation Method for Com-plex Terrain[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environ-ment,2009,31(3):299-301.
张文波,郭敏,李桂花.基于VTI介质模型的井间地震建模方法[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(3):301-304.Zhang Wenbo,Guo Min,Li Guihua.Modeling method forcross-hole seismic Based on VTI Model[J].Journal ofEarth Sciences and Environment,2008,30(3):301-304.
刘国华,肖梅,李庆春.地震资料极化分析及MATLAB与VC++混合编程技术[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(3):305-310.Liu Guohua,Xiao Mei,Li Qingchun.Seismic Datum Polar-ization Analysis and Comprehensive Programming withMATLAB and VC++[J].Journal of Earth Sciences andEnvironment,2008,30(3):305-310.
张爱敏.煤矿采取三维地震勘探技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996.Zhang Aimin.3D seismic exploration technology in CoalMining Area[M].Coal Industry Press,Beijing,1996.
陈光明,何黄生.三维地震勘探在地裂缝探查中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(5):65-67.Chen Guangming,He Huangshen.3D seismic exploration onthe ground in the application of crack detection[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2006,34(5):65-67.
程建远.三维地震资料微机解释性处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Cheng Jianyuan.Computer explanatory processing technol-ogy about3D seismic data[M].Petroleum IndustryPress,Beijing,2002.
张广忠,郝鹏.江西复杂地质构造区三维地震勘探技术[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(增刊):60-62.Zhang Guangzhong,Hao Peng.3D seismic explorationtechnology in Jiangxi complex geological structure area[J].Coal Sinica,2006,31(Supplement):60-62.
陕西省地球物理学会.中国西部地球物理研究与实践[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社.2007.Geophysical Society of Shaanxi Province.Geophysical Re-search and Practice in Western China[M].Shaanxi Sci-ence and Technology Press,Xi'an,2007.
唐建益,方正.煤矿采区实用地震勘探技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998.Tang Jianyi,Fang Zheng.Practice of seismic explorationtechnology in Coal mining area[M].Coal IndustryPress,Beijing,1998.
张亚敏,张书法,王辉.复杂地形地震剖面上的陷井及物探解释方法[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(3):299-301.Zhang Yamin,Zhang Shufa,Wang Hui.Trap of seismic sec-tion and Geophysical Interpretation Method for Com-plex Terrain[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environ-ment,2009,31(3):299-301.
张文波,郭敏,李桂花.基于VTI介质模型的井间地震建模方法[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(3):301-304.Zhang Wenbo,Guo Min,Li Guihua.Modeling method forcross-hole seismic Based on VTI Model[J].Journal ofEarth Sciences and Environment,2008,30(3):301-304.
刘国华,肖梅,李庆春.地震资料极化分析及MATLAB与VC++混合编程技术[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(3):305-310.Liu Guohua,Xiao Mei,Li Qingchun.Seismic Datum Polar-ization Analysis and Comprehensive Programming withMATLAB and VC++[J].Journal of Earth Sciences andEnvironment,2008,30(3):305-310.