构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖区防洪的影响
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摘要
作者利用洞庭盆地多年水准测量资料和洞庭湖近年的泥沙资料,对洞庭盆地的构造沉降速率和泥沙淤积速率进行了分析,从地貌学和水利学角度,对“洞庭湖盆”和“洞庭盆地”这两个不同的空间概念进行了区分,在此基础上,探讨了构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖蓄洪空间和防洪大堤的影响。在目前洞庭湖盆被大堤围限的情况下,洞庭盆地的构造沉降运动使洞庭湖的蓄洪空间不断减小;洞庭盆地的构造沉降量虽然在一定程度上缓解了洞庭湖不断萎缩的趋势,但构造沉降对洞庭湖区的防洪形势却是不利的。构造沉降和泥沙淤积均对防洪大堤的质量提出了更高的要求,增大了洞庭湖区防洪的难度。
With the long-term data of the geodetic sea level measurements undertaken in the Dongting Basin and the recent sediment data of Dongting Lake, we analyze the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin and the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake. From the point of view of geomorphology and hydrogeology, we distinguish the two different spatial concepts between "the basin of Dongting Lake" and "the Dongting Basin". Then, we discuss the influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the space of storing flood of Dongting Lake and the levees. Under the circumstance of the basin of Dongting Lake encircled by levees, the capacity of storing flood of Dongting Lake will decrease due to the tectonic subsidence. The tectonic subsidence capacity of the Dongting Basin restrains the shrinking tendency of Dongting Lake to a certain extent, but the tectonic subsidence is harmful to the situation of preventing flood disasters in the region of Dongting Lake. The better quality of levees is required due to the tectonic subsidence and the siltation, and the difficulties of preventing flood disasters are increasing in the region of Dongting Lake.
With the long-term data of the geodetic sea level measurements undertaken in the Dongting Basin and the recent sediment data of Dongting Lake, we analyze the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin and the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake. From the point of view of geomorphology and hydrogeology, we distinguish the two different spatial concepts between "the basin of Dongting Lake" and "the Dongting Basin". Then, we discuss the influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the space of storing flood of Dongting Lake and the levees. Under the circumstance of the basin of Dongting Lake encircled by levees, the capacity of storing flood of Dongting Lake will decrease due to the tectonic subsidence. The tectonic subsidence capacity of the Dongting Basin restrains the shrinking tendency of Dongting Lake to a certain extent, but the tectonic subsidence is harmful to the situation of preventing flood disasters in the region of Dongting Lake. The better quality of levees is required due to the tectonic subsidence and the siltation, and the difficulties of preventing flood disasters are increasing in the region of Dongting Lake.
引文
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[15]LiXianglian,ChenJinai.The formation of a correlation equation for estimating level, area and volume of theDongtingLake and the evaluation of its capacity of regulating and storing flood water.RemoteSensing forLand&Resources,2002,(1):57-60.[李湘莲,陈金爱.洞庭湖吞吐调蓄数学模型及调洪功能评估.国土资源遥感,2002,(1):57-60.]
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[17]DongHejin.Probing into regulation ofDongtingLake from the point of view of geology.HunanGeology,1997,16(3):142-146.[董和金.用地质学的观点探讨洞庭湖的治理.湖南地质,1997,16(3):142-146.]
[18]ZhangRenquan,Liang,Xing,LiZhenhua et al.System analysis of tectonic subsidence inDongtingLake area.EnvironmentalGeologyResearch(3).Beijing:SeismPress,1995.165-178.[张人权,梁杏,李振华等.洞庭湖区构造沉降系统分析.环境地质研究(第三辑).北京:地震出版社,1995.165-178.]
[19]LiangXing,ZhangRenquan,PiJiangao et al.Characteristics of tectonic movement ofDongtingBasin on theQuaternary period.GeologicalScience andTechnologyInformation,2001,20(2):11-14.[梁杏,张人权,皮建高等.洞庭盆地第四纪构造活动特征.地质科技情报,2001,20(2):11-14.]
[20]LiangXing,ZhangRenquan,PiJiangao et al.Contributions of
[2]ZhouGuoqi,ChengTiesheng,ZhaoShouqin.The origin and evolution of theDongtingBasin.HunanGeology,1984,13(1):54-61.[周国棋,成铁生,赵守勤.洞庭盆地的由来和演变.湖南地质,1984,13(1):54-61.]
[3]YangDayuan.The evolution and harnessing of theDongtingLake.GeographicalResearch.1986,5(3):39-45.[杨达源.洞庭湖的演变及其整治.地理研究,1986,5(3):39-45.]
[4]BianHongxiang,GongXunli.Changes ofDongtingLake.Changsha:HunanScience andTechnologyPress,1993.1-236.[卞鸿翔,龚循礼.洞庭湖的变迁.长沙:湖南科技出版社,1993.1-236.]
[5]ZhangXiaoyang,CaiShuming,SunShuncai.Evolution ofDongtingLake sinceHolocene.Journal ofLakeSciences.1994,6(1):13-21.[张晓阳,蔡述明,孙顺才.全新世以来洞庭湖的演变.湖泊科学,1994,6(1):13-21.]
[6]ZhangXiaoyang,DuYun,ChaiShuming.An analysis on evolutional tendency ofDongtingLake.Resources andEnvironment in theYangtzeValley,1995,4(1):64-68.[张晓阳,杜耘,蔡述明.洞庭湖演变趋势分析.长江流域资源与环境,1995,4(1):64-68.]
[7]DuYun,CaiShuming,ZhaoYan.The evolution, developing tendency and analysis of flood disasters ofDongtingLake.XuHouze(ed.).The flood disasters and technological countermeasures of the reach of theYangtzeRiver.Beijing:SciencePress,1999.96-100.[杜耘,蔡述明,赵艳.洞庭湖的演变、发展趋势及洪涝灾害分析.许厚泽等主编.长江流域洪涝灾害与科技对策.北京:科学出版社,1999.96-100.]
[8]DuYun,CaiShuming,ZhangXiaoyang et al.Interpretation of the environmental change ofDongtingLake, middle reach ofYangtzeRiver,China, by210Pb measurement and satellite image analysis.Geomorphology,2001,41:171-181.
[9]GaoJunfeng,ZhangChen,JiangJiahu et al.Changes in sediment deposition and erosion and their spatial distribution in theDongtingLake.ActaGeographicaSinica,2001,56(3):269-277.[高俊峰,张琛,姜加虎等.洞庭湖的冲淤变化和空间分布.地理学报,2001,56(3):269-277.]
[10]WangKeying(ed.).Treatments andDevelopment ofDongtingLake.Changsha:TheHunanPeople'sPress,1998.1-612.[王克英主编.洞庭湖治理与开发.长沙:湖南人民出版社,1998.1-612.]
[11]DouHongshen,JiangJiahu.DongtingLake.Hefei:ChineseScience andTechnologyUniversityPress,2000.1-344.[窦鸿身,姜加虎.洞庭湖.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2000.1-344.]
[12]DongHejin.Respecting the geosciences law and scientifically administeringDongtingLake.HunanGeology,1998,17(4):211-216.[董和金.尊重地学规律科学治理洞庭湖.湖南地质,1998,17(4):211-216.]
[13]LiYitian,DengJinyun,SunZhaohua et al.Sediment deposition and variation of flood storage capacity inDongtingLake.Journal ofHydraulicEngineering,2000,(12):48-52.[李义天,邓金运,孙昭华等.泥沙淤积与洞庭湖调蓄量变化.水利学报,2000,(12):48-52.]
[14]LiYitian,DengJinyun,SunZhaohua et al.A study on flood storage capacity inDongtingLake.Journal ofSedimentResearch,2001,(6):1-7.[李义天,邓金运,孙昭华等.洞庭湖调蓄量变化及其影响因素分析.泥沙研究,2001,(6):1-7.]
[15]LiXianglian,ChenJinai.The formation of a correlation equation for estimating level, area and volume of theDongtingLake and the evaluation of its capacity of regulating and storing flood water.RemoteSensing forLand&Resources,2002,(1):57-60.[李湘莲,陈金爱.洞庭湖吞吐调蓄数学模型及调洪功能评估.国土资源遥感,2002,(1):57-60.]
[16]YinHongfu,LiChang'an.Human impact on floods and flood disasters on theYangtzeRiver.Geomorphology,2001,41:105-109.
[17]DongHejin.Probing into regulation ofDongtingLake from the point of view of geology.HunanGeology,1997,16(3):142-146.[董和金.用地质学的观点探讨洞庭湖的治理.湖南地质,1997,16(3):142-146.]
[18]ZhangRenquan,Liang,Xing,LiZhenhua et al.System analysis of tectonic subsidence inDongtingLake area.EnvironmentalGeologyResearch(3).Beijing:SeismPress,1995.165-178.[张人权,梁杏,李振华等.洞庭湖区构造沉降系统分析.环境地质研究(第三辑).北京:地震出版社,1995.165-178.]
[19]LiangXing,ZhangRenquan,PiJiangao et al.Characteristics of tectonic movement ofDongtingBasin on theQuaternary period.GeologicalScience andTechnologyInformation,2001,20(2):11-14.[梁杏,张人权,皮建高等.洞庭盆地第四纪构造活动特征.地质科技情报,2001,20(2):11-14.]
[20]LiangXing,ZhangRenquan,PiJiangao et al.Contributions of