地下水逸出气动态特征形成机制的实验研究
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摘要
通过研究管径和结构不同的井孔－含水气层物理模拟实验以及地下水、气补给量与逸出气动态的关系实验，得出地下水逸出气动态的最基本特征是突发、阵发，其形成机制在于逸出气运移、排放过程中存在积累一释放的往复过程。在地震等地质事件孕育、发生过程中，地壳应力、应变积累和释放可能引起的地下含水、气层的气体储存和迁移的场所空间及通道的变形、贯通或阻塞，地下水流速、流量的增减及气体发生、补给量等的变化，都能在逸出气动态中以爆发式地显示出来。由气体的性质致使逸出气在地震前兆观测中具有更灵敏、更显著的异常显示能力。
Two experiments have been conducted: the first one is physical modeling with different borehole diameters, structure and water (gas)-bearing strata, the another is to study on dynamic relation between recharge of underground water (gas) and escaped gas. The result show that basic features of escaped gas are abrupt change and burst, the phenomenon is caused by alternating process of accumulation and release of escaped gas in flow process. In the development process of seismic and geologic events, the accumulation and release of crustal stress and strain may cause that ① Deformation, penetration and damming of channels in migration process of gas of underground water (gas)-bearing stra- ta. ② Increasing and decreasing of outflow and velocity of flow. ③ Recharge variation of gas. Burst of escaped gas has an amplifying effect on the changes mentioned above. Es- caped gas has more sensitive capacity to reflect the earthquakes, which stems to be from the basic nature of gas.
Two experiments have been conducted: the first one is physical modeling with different borehole diameters, structure and water (gas)-bearing strata, the another is to study on dynamic relation between recharge of underground water (gas) and escaped gas. The result show that basic features of escaped gas are abrupt change and burst, the phenomenon is caused by alternating process of accumulation and release of escaped gas in flow process. In the development process of seismic and geologic events, the accumulation and release of crustal stress and strain may cause that ① Deformation, penetration and damming of channels in migration process of gas of underground water (gas)-bearing stra- ta. ② Increasing and decreasing of outflow and velocity of flow. ③ Recharge variation of gas. Burst of escaped gas has an amplifying effect on the changes mentioned above. Es- caped gas has more sensitive capacity to reflect the earthquakes, which stems to be from the basic nature of gas.
引文
[1]张炜,史勇,张平.地下水逸出氧的研究──水化地震前兆新项目探索[J].中国地震,1992,8(1): 18-25.
[2]张朝明,李敏莉,束克明,等.庐江自流热水井逸出气的试验观测研究[J].西北地震学报,1992,14(1): 86-88.
[3]张炜,王吉易,鄂秀满,等.水文地球化学预报地震的原理与方法[M].北京;教育科学出版社,1998. 205-214.
[4]梅世蓉,冯德益,张国民,等·中国地震预报概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.182～189,293-296.
[2]张朝明,李敏莉,束克明,等.庐江自流热水井逸出气的试验观测研究[J].西北地震学报,1992,14(1): 86-88.
[3]张炜,王吉易,鄂秀满,等.水文地球化学预报地震的原理与方法[M].北京;教育科学出版社,1998. 205-214.
[4]梅世蓉,冯德益,张国民,等·中国地震预报概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.182～189,293-296.