超高速长杆弹对岩石侵彻、地冲击效应理论与实验研究
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摘要
针对超高速动能弹侵彻、地冲击效应研究现状,指出超高速对地打击效应研究中存在的问题。利用流体弹塑性内摩擦侵彻理论对流体动力模型进行研究,阐明超高速动能弹与常规钻地弹侵彻的本质联系与区别,界定超高速侵彻速度内涵范围。研究表明:随弹体侵彻速度增加,靶体介质发生了从弹塑性状态–内摩擦拟流体–流体动力状态的转换,从而呈现出弹体质量磨蚀作用所致的侵彻深度逆转、弹体侵蚀作用所致侵彻深度趋向极限等超高速侵彻特征力学现象。此外,还给出岩石中超高速侵彻深度、成坑范围计算方法和公式。
The problems of hyper speed impact effect on the ground are pointed out in this paper regarding the penetration and ground impact effects of hyper speed projectile. The theory of elastic-plastic fluid and internal friction penetration was applied to study the hydrodynamic model,so as to expound the essential relationship and difference between the penetrations of hyper speed projectile and conventional ground penetrating bomb,and also to define the range of the speed of hyper speed penetration. It was found that with the increasing of penetration speed,the target medium was transformed from the elastic-plastic state to the internal friction state,then to the fluid dynamic state. The mechanical phenomena of hyper speed penetration characteristics were also presented,such as the penetration depth reversal due to the mass abrasion of projectile,and the penetration depth tending to the limit as a result of the projectile erosion. The methods to calculate the depth and crater range of hyper speed penetration were presented.
The problems of hyper speed impact effect on the ground are pointed out in this paper regarding the penetration and ground impact effects of hyper speed projectile. The theory of elastic-plastic fluid and internal friction penetration was applied to study the hydrodynamic model,so as to expound the essential relationship and difference between the penetrations of hyper speed projectile and conventional ground penetrating bomb,and also to define the range of the speed of hyper speed penetration. It was found that with the increasing of penetration speed,the target medium was transformed from the elastic-plastic state to the internal friction state,then to the fluid dynamic state. The mechanical phenomena of hyper speed penetration characteristics were also presented,such as the penetration depth reversal due to the mass abrasion of projectile,and the penetration depth tending to the limit as a result of the projectile erosion. The methods to calculate the depth and crater range of hyper speed penetration were presented.
引文
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[21]LUNDBORG N.Strength of rock-like materials[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1968,5(5):427–454.
[22]ALEKSEEVSKII V P.Penetration of a rod into a target at high velocity[J].Combustion,Explosion and Shock Waves,1966,2(2):99–106.
[23]TATE A.A theory for the deceleration of long rods after impact[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1967,(15):387–399.
[24]TATE A.Long rod penetration models-part I.a flow field model for high speed long rod penetration[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1986,28(8):535–548.
[25]TATE A.Long rod penetration models-part II.extensions to the hydrodynamic theory of penetration[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1986,28(9):599–612.
[26]WANG M,LIU Z,QIU Y,et al.Study on the similarity laws for local damage effects in a concrete target under the impact of projectiles[J].Shock and Vibration,2015,(16):1–16.
[27]宋春明,李干.不同速度段弹体侵彻岩石靶体的理论分析[J].爆炸与冲击,待刊.(SONG Chunming,LI Gan.Theoretical analysis for projuectiles penetration into rock targets with different velocity[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,to be pressed.(in Chinese))
[28]SLEPYAN L I.Calculation of the size of the crater formed by a highspeed impact[J].Journal of Mining Science,1978,14(5):465–471.
[29]GUREVICH M I.The theory of jets in an ideal fluid[M].London:Pergamon Press Ltd.,1966:113–116.
[30]SHISHKIN N I.Seismic efficiency of a contanct explosion and a high-velocity impact[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,2007,48(2):145–152.
[31]VOITISHEK Y V,SLEPYAN L I.Hydrodynamic model of the puncture of a brittle plate[J].Journal of Mining Science,1985,(3):31–35.
[2]HARRY F.Hypervelocity then and now[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1987,(5):1–4.
[3]任辉启.精确制导武器侵彻效应与工程防护[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:1–25.(REN Huiqi.Penetration effects of precision guided weapons and engineering protection[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016:1–25.(in Chinese))
[4]杨益,李晓军,朱大明,等.超高速碰撞材料毁伤效应研究进展[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2014,37(5):133–140.(YANG Yi,LI Xiaojun,ZHU Daming,et al.Research development of materials damage effect under hypervelocity impact[J].Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2014,37(5):133–140.(in Chinese))
[5]李干,宋春明,邱艳宇,等.超高速弹对花岗岩侵彻深度逆减现象的理论与实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):60–66.(LI Gan,SONG Chunming,QIU Yanyu,et al.Theoretical and experimental studies on the phenomenon of penetration depth reverse reduction in the penetration of granite by hyper-velocity projectiles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):60–66.(in Chinese))
[6]KONG X Z,WU H,FANG Q,et al.Projectile penetration into mortar targets with a broad range of striking velocities:Test and analyses[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2017,106(1):18–29.
[7]CHENG Y H,WANG M Y,SHI C C,et al.Constraining damage size and crater depth:A physical model of transient crater formation in rocky targets[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2015,81(6):50–60.
[8]邓国强,杨秀敏.超高速武器对地打击效应数值仿真[J].科技导报,2015,33(16):65–71.(DENG Guoqiang,YANG Xiumin.Numerical simulation of ground impact effects of hypervelocity weapons[J].Science and Technology Herald,2015,33(16):65–71.(in Chinese))
[9]ROSENBERG Z,MARMOR E,MAYSELESS M.On the hydrodynamic theory of long-rod penetration[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1990,10:483–486.
[10]LAN B,WEN H M.Alekseevskii-tate revisited:an extension to the modified hydrodynamic theory of long rod penetration[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2010,53(5):1 364–1 373.
[11]WEN H M,HE Y,LAN B.Analytical model for cratering of semi-infinite metallic targets by long rod penetrators[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2010,53(12):3 189–3 196.
[12]WEN H M,LAN B.Analytical models for the penetration of semi-infinite targets by rigid,deformable and erosive long rods[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2010,26(4):573–583.
[13]邓国强,杨秀敏.超高速武器对地打击效应特点分析[C]//第一届全国超高速碰撞会议论文集.绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2013:141–144.(DENG Guoqiang,YANG Xiumin.Characteristics of ground strike effects of hypervelocity weapons[C]//Proceedings of the first national Hypervelocity Impact Conference.Mianyang:China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2013:141–144.(in Chinese))
[14]王明洋,谭可可,吴华杰,等.岩石中侵彻深度计算新原理与方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1 863–1 869.(WANG Mingyang,TAN Keke,WU Huajie,et al.New method of calculation of projectile penetration into rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1 863–1 869.(in Chinese))
[15]王明洋,李杰,李凯锐.深部岩体非线性力学能量作用原理与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):659–667.(WANG Mingyang,LI Jie,LI Kairui.A nonlinear mechanical energy theory in deep rock mass engineering and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):659–667.(in Chinese))
[16]奥尔连科ЛП.爆炸物理学[M].孙承纬译.北京:科学出版社,2011:1 135–1 141.(ОРЛЕНКОЛП.Explosion physics[M].Translated by SUN Chengwei.Beijing:Science Press,2011:1 135–1 141.(in Chinese))
[17]经福谦.实验物态方程导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:1–60.(JING Fuqian.Introduction to experimental equation of state[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999:1–60.(in Chinese))
[18]舍米亚金ЕИ.弹塑性理论的动力学问题[M].戚承志译.北京:科学出版社,2009:25–35.(SHEMYAKINЕИ.The dynamics of elastoplastic theory[M].Translated by QI Chengzhi.Beijing:Science Press,2009:25–35.(in Chinese))
[19]戚承志,钱七虎.岩体动力变形与破坏的基本问题[M].科学出版社,2009:87–91.(QI Chengzhi,QIAN Qihu.Basic problems of dynamic deformation and fracture of rock mass[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:87–91.(in Chinese))
[20]钱七虎,王明洋.岩土中的冲击爆炸效应[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010:9–14.(QIAN Qihu,WANG Mingyang.The impact and explosion effects in rock and soil[M].Beijing:National Defence Industrial Press,2010:9–14.(in Chinese))
[21]LUNDBORG N.Strength of rock-like materials[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1968,5(5):427–454.
[22]ALEKSEEVSKII V P.Penetration of a rod into a target at high velocity[J].Combustion,Explosion and Shock Waves,1966,2(2):99–106.
[23]TATE A.A theory for the deceleration of long rods after impact[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1967,(15):387–399.
[24]TATE A.Long rod penetration models-part I.a flow field model for high speed long rod penetration[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1986,28(8):535–548.
[25]TATE A.Long rod penetration models-part II.extensions to the hydrodynamic theory of penetration[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1986,28(9):599–612.
[26]WANG M,LIU Z,QIU Y,et al.Study on the similarity laws for local damage effects in a concrete target under the impact of projectiles[J].Shock and Vibration,2015,(16):1–16.
[27]宋春明,李干.不同速度段弹体侵彻岩石靶体的理论分析[J].爆炸与冲击,待刊.(SONG Chunming,LI Gan.Theoretical analysis for projuectiles penetration into rock targets with different velocity[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,to be pressed.(in Chinese))
[28]SLEPYAN L I.Calculation of the size of the crater formed by a highspeed impact[J].Journal of Mining Science,1978,14(5):465–471.
[29]GUREVICH M I.The theory of jets in an ideal fluid[M].London:Pergamon Press Ltd.,1966:113–116.
[30]SHISHKIN N I.Seismic efficiency of a contanct explosion and a high-velocity impact[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,2007,48(2):145–152.
[31]VOITISHEK Y V,SLEPYAN L I.Hydrodynamic model of the puncture of a brittle plate[J].Journal of Mining Science,1985,(3):31–35.