有风险性的补偿性生态资源保护活动的标准指南

详细信息   

• 标准号：ASTM E2205/E2205M-2002(2009)e1
• 发布日期：2002
• 英文题名：Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action for Protection of Ecological Resources
• 英文主题词：ecological risk assessment ; remedial action ; risk-based corrective action ; site assessment ; technical policy decisions ; tiered approach ; Corrective action ; Ecological risk assessment (ECO-RBCA) ; Risk analysis--environmental ; Risk-based corrective action (RBCA)
• 标准状态：现行
• 发布单位：US-ASTM
• 国际标准分类号：13.020.40
• 载体形态：61P.;A4
• 中国标准分类号：Z05
• 国别：美国材料与试验协会

文摘

The Eco-RBCA process presented in this guide is a streamlined decision-making process for implementing corrective action protective of ecological resources at chemical release sites in a consistent manner. Eco-RBCA provides a framework for sites not covered under regulatory programs, for sites under regulatory programs that lack guidance, or for sites under programs with guidance that lack detail. Eco-RBCA may also provide a useful framework to help merge an approach when multiple regulatory programs apply.

Ecological risk assessment is a science-based process that can be used to provide insight for risk management decision-making. Numerous federal and state programs have guidance for conducting ERA. Available regulatory approaches to ERA were reviewed in preparation for the development of this Eco-RBCA guide. Eco-RBCA was designed to be adaptable to the use of a variety of methods for considering risks to relevant ecological receptors and habitats. Some attributes of the standard are:

Use of a tiered approach, including process flow charts to identify critical steps and facilitate the development of an overview of the entire process;

Identification, development, and use of TPDs from Step 1 and throughout the entire Eco-RBCA process;

Indications of the value and timing of stakeholder involvement, recognizing that some regulations require coordination with federal, state, tribal, and natural-resource trustees, and other stakeholders;

Identification of situations under which an ERA may or may not be necessary; and

Identification of decision points where ERA results are used for risk management decision making.

Activities described in this guide should involve persons with the appropriate skills and expertise. The user may rely on individuals expert in remediation science and technology, ecology/biology, ecotoxicology, ERA practices, and site characterization techniques.

This guide and supporting appendices provide examples and technical support for the proper application of the Eco-RBCA process. The user should avoid inappropriate actions or use of Eco-RBCA such as:

Prescribing Tier 1 RESC as presumptive remediation cleanup goals rather than as screening criteria or, when appropriate, as site-specific remediation cleanup goals;

Limiting the use of the Eco-RBCA process to Tier 1 evaluation only and not continuing with Tier 2 or Tier 3 evaluations for sites where further tiered evaluation is appropriate;

Placing arbitrary time constraints on the corrective action process that do not reflect the actual urgency and risk posed by the site;

Using Eco-RBCA only at sites where active remedial action is not technically feasible;

Initiating remedial action(s) before determining applicable corrective action goals;

Limiting options to a single class of remedial action for all sites;

Using unjustified or inappropriate exposure factors;

Using unjustified or inappropriate toxicity parameters;

Using modeling that is not supported by the available data or knowledge of site conditions;

Using measurement or assessment endpoints that are ambiguous or insufficiently defined;

Drawing conclusions that are not supported by available data;

Failing to monitor the effectiveness of engineering or institutional controls;

Using an interim remedial action not to reduce risk but solely to delay the Eco-RBCA process;

Failing to consider the long-term effectiveness, reliability, and risks to relevant ecological receptors and habitats of potential remedial action options; or,

Continuing monitoring or remedial action at sites that have achieved remedial action goals (unless monitoring is specifically required for an engineering or institutional control or other regulatory requirements).

1.1 This is a guide to risk-based corrective action for the protection of ecological resou......