• 标题：Measurements of the density, speed of sound, viscosity and derived key thermodynamic properties of geothermal waters from East Turkey
• 关键词：Geothermal water,Geothermal energy production,Environmental impact,Density,Speed of sound,Viscosity
• 作者：Ilmutdin M. Abdulagatov, Misirkhan A. Talybov, Lala A. Azizova

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Density, speed of sound, and viscosity of natural geothermal waters from the East Turkey Geothermal Field have been measured over the temperature range from 278 to 363 K and at atmospheric pressure. The measurements were made using the Anton Paar DSA 5000 M sound-speed analyzer and the Stabinger SVM3000 viscometer for two natural geothermal water samples from the Keklik Mağarasi and Afyon wells. A sound-speed analyzer (Anton Paar DSA 5000 M) was used to simultaneously measure of the speed of sound and the density of the same geothermal water samples. The standard uncertainty of the density, viscosity, and speed of sound measurements is estimated to be 0.01%, 0.25%, and 0.05%, respectively. Measured values of density and speed of sound were used to calculate other derived key thermodynamic properties of the geothermal waters, which are very important for environmental impact optimization of a geothermal energy production operation. The properties measured at atmospheric pressure have been used as reference data for prediction of high-pressure properties of the geothermal waters.