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长江中下游火山岩带东南缘溧阳盆地火山作用的年代学、地球化学及岩浆成因探讨
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摘要
位于长江中下游晚中生代火山岩带东南缘的溧阳盆地,不同于区内其他火山岩盆地的一个突出特点是出现较大比例的流纹质岩石,该盆地内火山岩/潜火山岩的SiO_2含量总体较高,但Na_2O+K_2O含量却是长江中下游火山岩盆地中最低的,属于高钾钙碱性系列。地球化学上,这些火山岩样品均表现为较强的轻、重稀土元素分馏程度,强烈亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti的特征。明显的Eu负异常,且δEu值随SiO_2含量的增加总体呈降低趋势,反映斜长石的分离结晶可能对岩浆的演化产生一定的影响。溧阳盆地内火山岩/潜火山岩的ε_(Nd)(t)值在-8.75~-7.44之间,不仅明显低于邻近的宁芜盆地和溧水盆地内的火山岩/潜火山岩,与江南造山带内晚中生代的花岗岩类相比,其ε_(Nd)(t)值也偏低。结合其高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值(~0.7097),指示溧阳盆地内的岩浆可能主要由古老的地壳物质部分熔融形成。本文分别测得溧阳盆地早期龙王山组粗面岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(140±0.7)Ma,大王山组熔结凝灰岩、闪长玢岩及流纹斑岩的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(129.1±1.1)Ma、(132.5±0.7)Ma和(132.3±0.7)Ma。区域对比表明,溧阳盆地火山活动的起始时间明显早于其他盆地内火山活动(6~10 Ma)。但各盆地内火山活动的峰期时间基本相当,均处于约130 Ma前后。整个火山岩带内的火山活动显示随时间具有从南东侧向北西方向迁移的趋势,并隐约显示火山活动由火山岩带中心区域向周边扩展的趋势。这种双向迁移性可能是太平洋板块与亚洲大陆板块相对运动和晚中生代发生在长江中下游地区的岩石圈减薄两种动力学机制共同作用的结果。
        The Liyang volcanic basin,located on the southeastern margin of the Late Mesozoic volcanic belt developed in the Middle-Lower Yangtze region,is characterized by existing volume rhyolitic rocks,which is obviously different from other volcanic basins in the belt.Volcanic/subvolcanic rocks in the Liyang Basin have the highest SiO_2 contents,but the lowest Na_2O+K_2O contents as compared with other volcanic basins in the Middle-Lower Yangtze volcanic belt.Ggeochemically,these rocks exhibit strongly fractionated REE patterns,invariably show a relative enrichment in light rare-earth elements and an obvious depletion in high-field-strong elements(HFSE) such as Nb,Ta and Ti.Obvious negative anomalies,and their δEu values decrease rapidly with increasing SiO_2 contents,indicating that plagioclase differentiation may have played an important role during the evolution of magmas.Their ε_(Nd)(t) values range from-7.44 to-8.75,obviously lower than the ε_(Nd)(t) values of volcanic rocks in adjacent volcanic basins such as the Lishui Basin and the Ningwu Basin,and also slightly lower than the ε_(Nd)(t) values of Late Mesozoic granitoids in the Jiangnan orogen.In combination with their high initial~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values(~0.7097),it is indicated that the magmas in the Liyang Basin were mainly formed via partial melting of an ancient crustal source.In this work,the zircon SHRIMP U-Pb technique was used to accurately date samples from the Longwanshan Formation in the Liyang Basin,yielding an emplacement age of(140±0.7) Ma,and also to measure the zircon U-Pb LA-ICPMS ages of one volcanic sample and two subvolcanic samples from the Dawanshan Formation,yielding the emplacement ages of(129.1±1.1) Ma,(132.5±0.7) Ma and(132.3±0.7) Ma,respectively.Based on a comparison with other volcanic basins in the Middle-Lower Yangtze region,it is indicated that the starting time of volcanism in the Liyang Basin was earlier than about 6~10 Ma with respect to other volcanic basins,but the rush time of volcanism in the whole volcanic basin is similar(~130 Ma).Volcanism in the Middle-Lower Yangtze volcanic belt shows a northwestward migrating current with time,i.e.migrating from the central area of the volcanic belt outwards subtilly.The bidirectional migration of the volcanism may be the result of relative movement of the Pacific plate and Asia continental plate and Late Mesozoic lithospheric thinning which happened in the Middle-Lower Yangtze region.
引文
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