石英脉型钨矿床中云英岩析离体及岩浆液态分异成矿研究——以湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床为例
摘要
云英岩析离体(包体)常见于南岭地区石英脉型(黑)钨矿床的成矿花岗岩体顶部附近,这些析离体多呈不规则椭球状,与寄主岩石花岗岩围岩界线明显,无与外面连通的脉体或构造,分布无规律。在湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床,云英岩析离体赋存于瑶岗仙岩体主体的灰色斑状碱长花岗岩Ⅰ中,大部分有分带,外带为云英岩化碱长花岗岩,富含辉钼矿,最高达5%以上,钠长石An平均为0·64;内核部分为云英岩,主要矿物组合为白云母、石英、萤石、黄玉、黑钨矿等,与黑钨矿石英脉相同,其黑钨矿含量最高达20%以上,属热液沉淀形成。云英岩析离体整体呈现出浆液过渡态流体作用的特征,是富L-iF碱长花岗岩浆液态分异作用的产物。与碱长花岗岩围岩相比,析离体中富集金属元素W、Mo、Bi及Li、Rb等元素,相对贫Co、Ni、Sr、Ba等元素,Cu、Pb、Zn的含量变化不明显。这种元素富集规律与区域岩浆演化趋势基本一致,显示岩浆晚期液态分异形成浆液过渡态流体是W等成矿元素富集的重要机制,但这一机制并不会导致Pb、Zn的富集,这一点不同于矽卡岩型钨矿床。石英脉型(黑)钨矿床的成矿地质体是灰色斑状碱长花岗岩Ⅰ,云英岩析离体是该岩体岩浆液态分异的结果,可以作为识别碱长花岗岩含矿性的重要标志(寻找石英脉型钨矿矿床)。
The greisen inclusions usually irregularly occur near the top of the grey alkali feldspar granite in the tungsten deposits of the Nanling tungsten belt.They are mostly in irregular ellipsoid form and occur irregularly in the stage Ⅰ gray alkali feldspar granite with obviously boundary between them,and there exists no vein or fault as a channel.The outer part of the inclusion is greisenized alkali feldspar granite that contains very rich molybdenite(5%),in which the average An value of the albite is 0.64.The inner core of the inclusion is greisen with the assemblage of quartz,muscovite,fluorite,topaz,wolfamite etc.,similar to things of the quartz vein formed from hydrothermal solution.The content of the wolfamite can be more than 20%.Compared with granite Ⅰ,the inclusion is rich in W,Mo,Bi,Li and Rb and poor in Co,Ni,Sr and Ba,with no obvious change of Pb,Zn and Cu.Studies of geology and geochemistry of the inclusions from the Yaogangxian tungsten deposit in Hunan Province show that the greisen inclusions were formed from liquid immiscibility of the Li-F alkali feldspar granite magma,which produced magmatic-hydrothermal transition state and hydrothermal solution.The liquid immiscibility seems to have been the main mechanism for concentration or mineralization of such elements as W,Mo and Bi,but without concentration of Pb and Zn,which is different from things in the skarn-type tungsten deposit.The formation of the vein-type tungsten deposit was related to stage Ⅰ gray alkali feldspar granite.The greisen inclusions constitute an important indicator for evaluating the granite in search for ore deposits.
The greisen inclusions usually irregularly occur near the top of the grey alkali feldspar granite in the tungsten deposits of the Nanling tungsten belt.They are mostly in irregular ellipsoid form and occur irregularly in the stage Ⅰ gray alkali feldspar granite with obviously boundary between them,and there exists no vein or fault as a channel.The outer part of the inclusion is greisenized alkali feldspar granite that contains very rich molybdenite(5%),in which the average An value of the albite is 0.64.The inner core of the inclusion is greisen with the assemblage of quartz,muscovite,fluorite,topaz,wolfamite etc.,similar to things of the quartz vein formed from hydrothermal solution.The content of the wolfamite can be more than 20%.Compared with granite Ⅰ,the inclusion is rich in W,Mo,Bi,Li and Rb and poor in Co,Ni,Sr and Ba,with no obvious change of Pb,Zn and Cu.Studies of geology and geochemistry of the inclusions from the Yaogangxian tungsten deposit in Hunan Province show that the greisen inclusions were formed from liquid immiscibility of the Li-F alkali feldspar granite magma,which produced magmatic-hydrothermal transition state and hydrothermal solution.The liquid immiscibility seems to have been the main mechanism for concentration or mineralization of such elements as W,Mo and Bi,but without concentration of Pb and Zn,which is different from things in the skarn-type tungsten deposit.The formation of the vein-type tungsten deposit was related to stage Ⅰ gray alkali feldspar granite.The greisen inclusions constitute an important indicator for evaluating the granite in search for ore deposits.
引文
陈骏,陆建军,陈卫锋,王汝成,马东升,朱金初,张文兰,季峻峰.2008.南岭地区钨锡铌钽花岗岩及其成矿作用[J].高校地质学报,14(4):459-473.
陈依壤.1988.瑶岗仙花岗岩地质地球化学特征与成岩成矿作用[J].矿产与地质,2(1):62-72.
陈毓川,裴荣富,张宏良,林新多,白鸽,李崇佑,胡永嘉,刘垢群,洗柏琪.1989.南岭地区与中生代花岗岩类有关的有色及稀有金属矿床地质[M].北京:地质出版社.1-506.
林德松.1996.华南富钽花岗岩矿床[M].北京:地质出版社.42-48.
林新多,张德会,章传玲.1986.湖南宜章瑶岗仙黑钨矿石英脉成矿流体性质的探讨[J].地球科学,11(2):153-160.
林新多,章传玲,张德会.1987.初论湖南瑶岗仙含钨矿脉及矿化的垂直分带[J].地质论评,33(6):539-546.
彭省临,陈子龙,陈旭,杨牧.1995.钨、锡液态分异成矿作用的新证据[J].中南工业大学学报,26(2):143-146.
任云生,刘连登,张辉煌.2003.黑钨矿矿囊熔离成因综述[J].世界地质,22(4):357-360.
孙恭安,史明魁,张宏良.1989.大吉山花岗岩体岩石学、地球化学及成矿作用的研究[A].见:宜昌地质矿产研究所,南岭地质矿产科研报告集[C].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.326-363.
王京彬.1990a.湘源锡矿床的特征及其成因探讨[J].地质与勘探,26(9):17-20.
王京彬.1990b.湖南道县正冲稀有金属云英斑岩的特征和成因[J].地质论评,36(6):534-539.
王联魁,朱为方,张绍立.1983.液态分异一南岭花岗岩分异方式之一[J].地质论评,29(2):365-373.
王联魁,卢家烂,张绍立,杨文金,徐立新.1987.南岭花岗岩液态分离实验研究[J].中国科学(B),(1):79-87.
王联魁,黄智龙.2000.L-i F花岗岩液态分异作用与实验[M].北京:科学出版社.1-236.
王汝成,朱金初,张文兰,谢磊,于阿朋,车旭东.2008.南岭地区钨锡花岗岩的成矿矿物学:概念与实例[J].高校地质学报,14(4):485-495.
夏卫华.1985.矿床研究中一些值得探讨的问题[J].地质科技情报,4(1):150-154.
徐克勤.1957.湘南钨铁锰矿矿区中矽嘎岩型钙钨矿的发现,并论两类矿床在成因上的关系[J].地质学报,37(2):117-151.
章邦桐,吴俊奇,凌洪飞,陈培荣.2010.花岗岩中原生与次生白云母的鉴别特征及其地质意义——以赣南富城强过铝质花岗岩体为例[J].岩石矿物学杂志,29(3):225-234.
张德会.1988.试论石英脉型黑钨矿床的液态分异成因[J].地质与勘探,24(7):15-20.
张旗,潘国强,李承东,金惟俊,贾秀勤.1997.花岗岩结晶分离作用问题——关于花岗岩研究的思考之二[J].岩石学报,23(6):1239-1251.
赵振华,熊小林,韩小东.1999.花岗岩稀土元素四分组效应形成机理探讨——以千里山和巴尔哲花岗岩为例[J].中国科学(D辑),29(4):331-338.
赵振华,包志伟,乔玉楼.2010.一种特殊的“M”与“W”复合型稀土元素四分组效应:以水泉沟碱性正长岩为例[J].科学通报,55(15):1474-1488.
朱金初,李人科,周凤英,王汝成,熊小林,许红忠.1996.广西栗木水溪庙不对称层状伟晶岩——细晶岩岩脉的成因讨论[J].地球化学,25(1):1-8.
朱金初,饶冰,熊小林,李福春,张佩华.2002.富锂氟含稀有矿化花岗质岩石的对比和成因思考[J].地球化学,31(2):141-152.
朱焱岭,李崇佑,林运淮.1981.赣南钨矿地质[M].南昌:江西人民出版社.167-270.
朱永峰,曾贻善,艾永富.1995.长英质岩浆中液态不混溶与成矿作用关系的实验研究[J].岩石学报,11(1):1-7.
Bai T B and Koster A F.1999.The distribution of Na,K,Rb,Se,Al,Ge,Cu,W,Mo,La and Ce between graniteic melts and coexistingaqueous fluids[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,63(7/8):1117-1131.
Badanina E V,Veksler I V,Thomas R,Syritso L F and Trumbull R B.2004.Magmatic evolution of L-i F,rare-metal granites:A case studyof melt inclusions in the Khangilay complex,Eastern Transbaikalia(Russia)[J].Chemical Geology,210:113-133.
Brugmann G E,Hanski E J,Naldrett,A J and Smolkin V F.2000.Sulphide segregation in Ferropicrites from the Pechenga complex,Kola Peninsula,Russia[J].Petrology,41:1721-1742.
Costi HT T,Agnol R D,Pichavant M and Ramo O T.2009.The peralkaline tin-mineralized Madera cryolitealbite-rich granite of Pitinga,Amazonian craton,Brazil:Petrography,mineralogy and crystallization processes[J].Can.Mineral.,47:1301-1327.
Dolejs D and Baker D R.2007a.Liquidus Equilibria in the System K2ONa2O-Al2O3-SiO2-F2O-1-H2O to100MPa:I.Silicate-Fluoride Liquid Immiscibility in Anhydrous Systems[J].J.Petrology,48:785806.
Dolejs D and Baker D R.2007b.Liquidus Equilibria in the System K2ONa2O-Al2O3-SiO2-F2O-1-H2O to100MPa:II.Differentiation Pathsof Fluorosilicic Magmas in Hydrous Systems[J].J.Petrology,48:807-828.
Keppler H and Wyllie P J.1991.Partitioning of Cu,Sn,Mo,W,U,and Th between melt and aqueous fluid in the systems haplograniteH2O-HF[J].Contrib.Mineral.Petro.,109:139-150.
Manning D A C and Henderson P.1984.The behavior of tungsten ingranitic melt-vapour systems[J].Contrib.Mineral.Petro.,86:286-293.
Rajamani V and Naldrett A J.1978.Partitioning of Fe,Co,Ni,and Cubetween sulfide liquid and basaltic melts and the composition of N-i Cusulfide deposits[J].Econ.Geol.,73(1):82-93.
Roedder D.1992.Fluid inclusion evidence for immiscibility in magmaticdifferentiation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,56:5-20.
Veksler I V.2004.Liquid immiscibility and its role at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition:A summary of experimental studies[J].Chemical Geology.210:7-31.
陈依壤.1988.瑶岗仙花岗岩地质地球化学特征与成岩成矿作用[J].矿产与地质,2(1):62-72.
陈毓川,裴荣富,张宏良,林新多,白鸽,李崇佑,胡永嘉,刘垢群,洗柏琪.1989.南岭地区与中生代花岗岩类有关的有色及稀有金属矿床地质[M].北京:地质出版社.1-506.
林德松.1996.华南富钽花岗岩矿床[M].北京:地质出版社.42-48.
林新多,张德会,章传玲.1986.湖南宜章瑶岗仙黑钨矿石英脉成矿流体性质的探讨[J].地球科学,11(2):153-160.
林新多,章传玲,张德会.1987.初论湖南瑶岗仙含钨矿脉及矿化的垂直分带[J].地质论评,33(6):539-546.
彭省临,陈子龙,陈旭,杨牧.1995.钨、锡液态分异成矿作用的新证据[J].中南工业大学学报,26(2):143-146.
任云生,刘连登,张辉煌.2003.黑钨矿矿囊熔离成因综述[J].世界地质,22(4):357-360.
孙恭安,史明魁,张宏良.1989.大吉山花岗岩体岩石学、地球化学及成矿作用的研究[A].见:宜昌地质矿产研究所,南岭地质矿产科研报告集[C].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.326-363.
王京彬.1990a.湘源锡矿床的特征及其成因探讨[J].地质与勘探,26(9):17-20.
王京彬.1990b.湖南道县正冲稀有金属云英斑岩的特征和成因[J].地质论评,36(6):534-539.
王联魁,朱为方,张绍立.1983.液态分异一南岭花岗岩分异方式之一[J].地质论评,29(2):365-373.
王联魁,卢家烂,张绍立,杨文金,徐立新.1987.南岭花岗岩液态分离实验研究[J].中国科学(B),(1):79-87.
王联魁,黄智龙.2000.L-i F花岗岩液态分异作用与实验[M].北京:科学出版社.1-236.
王汝成,朱金初,张文兰,谢磊,于阿朋,车旭东.2008.南岭地区钨锡花岗岩的成矿矿物学:概念与实例[J].高校地质学报,14(4):485-495.
夏卫华.1985.矿床研究中一些值得探讨的问题[J].地质科技情报,4(1):150-154.
徐克勤.1957.湘南钨铁锰矿矿区中矽嘎岩型钙钨矿的发现,并论两类矿床在成因上的关系[J].地质学报,37(2):117-151.
章邦桐,吴俊奇,凌洪飞,陈培荣.2010.花岗岩中原生与次生白云母的鉴别特征及其地质意义——以赣南富城强过铝质花岗岩体为例[J].岩石矿物学杂志,29(3):225-234.
张德会.1988.试论石英脉型黑钨矿床的液态分异成因[J].地质与勘探,24(7):15-20.
张旗,潘国强,李承东,金惟俊,贾秀勤.1997.花岗岩结晶分离作用问题——关于花岗岩研究的思考之二[J].岩石学报,23(6):1239-1251.
赵振华,熊小林,韩小东.1999.花岗岩稀土元素四分组效应形成机理探讨——以千里山和巴尔哲花岗岩为例[J].中国科学(D辑),29(4):331-338.
赵振华,包志伟,乔玉楼.2010.一种特殊的“M”与“W”复合型稀土元素四分组效应:以水泉沟碱性正长岩为例[J].科学通报,55(15):1474-1488.
朱金初,李人科,周凤英,王汝成,熊小林,许红忠.1996.广西栗木水溪庙不对称层状伟晶岩——细晶岩岩脉的成因讨论[J].地球化学,25(1):1-8.
朱金初,饶冰,熊小林,李福春,张佩华.2002.富锂氟含稀有矿化花岗质岩石的对比和成因思考[J].地球化学,31(2):141-152.
朱焱岭,李崇佑,林运淮.1981.赣南钨矿地质[M].南昌:江西人民出版社.167-270.
朱永峰,曾贻善,艾永富.1995.长英质岩浆中液态不混溶与成矿作用关系的实验研究[J].岩石学报,11(1):1-7.
Bai T B and Koster A F.1999.The distribution of Na,K,Rb,Se,Al,Ge,Cu,W,Mo,La and Ce between graniteic melts and coexistingaqueous fluids[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,63(7/8):1117-1131.
Badanina E V,Veksler I V,Thomas R,Syritso L F and Trumbull R B.2004.Magmatic evolution of L-i F,rare-metal granites:A case studyof melt inclusions in the Khangilay complex,Eastern Transbaikalia(Russia)[J].Chemical Geology,210:113-133.
Brugmann G E,Hanski E J,Naldrett,A J and Smolkin V F.2000.Sulphide segregation in Ferropicrites from the Pechenga complex,Kola Peninsula,Russia[J].Petrology,41:1721-1742.
Costi HT T,Agnol R D,Pichavant M and Ramo O T.2009.The peralkaline tin-mineralized Madera cryolitealbite-rich granite of Pitinga,Amazonian craton,Brazil:Petrography,mineralogy and crystallization processes[J].Can.Mineral.,47:1301-1327.
Dolejs D and Baker D R.2007a.Liquidus Equilibria in the System K2ONa2O-Al2O3-SiO2-F2O-1-H2O to100MPa:I.Silicate-Fluoride Liquid Immiscibility in Anhydrous Systems[J].J.Petrology,48:785806.
Dolejs D and Baker D R.2007b.Liquidus Equilibria in the System K2ONa2O-Al2O3-SiO2-F2O-1-H2O to100MPa:II.Differentiation Pathsof Fluorosilicic Magmas in Hydrous Systems[J].J.Petrology,48:807-828.
Keppler H and Wyllie P J.1991.Partitioning of Cu,Sn,Mo,W,U,and Th between melt and aqueous fluid in the systems haplograniteH2O-HF[J].Contrib.Mineral.Petro.,109:139-150.
Manning D A C and Henderson P.1984.The behavior of tungsten ingranitic melt-vapour systems[J].Contrib.Mineral.Petro.,86:286-293.
Rajamani V and Naldrett A J.1978.Partitioning of Fe,Co,Ni,and Cubetween sulfide liquid and basaltic melts and the composition of N-i Cusulfide deposits[J].Econ.Geol.,73(1):82-93.
Roedder D.1992.Fluid inclusion evidence for immiscibility in magmaticdifferentiation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,56:5-20.
Veksler I V.2004.Liquid immiscibility and its role at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition:A summary of experimental studies[J].Chemical Geology.210:7-31.
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