湖南东坡柴山-蛇形坪一带铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究
摘要
东坡柴山-蛇形坪一带铅锌矿床位于千里山岩体西南侧的远接触带上,由脉状、柱状和席状的铅锌矿体组成,在矿体周围明显发生碳酸盐化和硅化作用。该带矿床中闪锌矿、萤石、石英和方解石内流体包裹体类型主要包括富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含子矿物包裹体;其流体包裹体的均一温度范围为140~395℃,在350℃、240~260℃和200~220℃处分别出现峰值,反映该期热液流体在形成脉状、柱状铅锌矿体过程中可能包含了不同的捕获事件,其中方解石内出现的气体包裹体同与其共生的液体包裹体的均一温度相近,两者均一温度范围主要集中在268~395℃,峰值为350℃,液相包裹体w(NaCleq)范围为9%~11%,表明流体发生过气液相分离的沸腾作用;闪锌矿、萤石、石英和方解石中流体包裹体w(NaCleq)范围为0~23%,峰值9%~10%。流体包裹体的均一温度和盐度特征与岩浆热液流体演化到裂隙阶段静水压力条件下的流体相近。闪锌矿中流体包裹体内存在方解石和白云石子矿物,表明铅锌矿的成矿作用发生在富集碳酸盐的热液流体中。千里山花岗岩体晚期释放的流体沿着不同的通道上升,当它冷却到低于400℃,这些地区产生了脆性裂隙,流体沿着裂隙继续上升,并且发生沸腾作用,因此,温度在340~400℃时,w(NaCleq)为7%左右的流体分成了w(NaCleq)约10%的液相流体和w(NaCleq)约0.02%的气相流体,由于温度和压力的迅速降低,成矿物质沿着裂隙和空洞沉淀成矿,形成了东坡矿区的脉状、柱状和席状的铅锌矿体。
The Chaishan-Shexingping Pb-Zn deposits of Dongpo are located in the distal areas of southeast Qianlishan intrusions and comprise Pb-Zn veinlike,columnar and sheet ore bodies,which have been apparently subjected to the alteration of carbonation and silicification.The fluid inclusions in sphalerite,fluorite,quartz and calcite of the Chaishan-Shexingping Pb-Zn deposits of Dongpo are composed of liquid-rich,gas-rich and daughter mineral-bearing inclusions.The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in these minerals range from 140℃ to 395℃,with peaks being 350℃,240~260℃ and 200~220℃,respectively,corresponding to various capture events of hydrothermal fluids in the formation processes of Pb-Zn veins and columns.The homogenization temperatures of gas-rich and liquid-rich inclusions in calcite are roughly similar,both concentrated between 268℃ and 395℃ with the peak being 350℃,and the salinities w(NaCleq) of the coexistent liquid inclusions range from 9% to 11%,confirming boiling and separation of gas and liquid phases.The salinities w(NaCleq) of fluid inclusions in these minerals range from 0 to 23%,with the clear peaks between 9% and 10%.The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions are consistent with those of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids at the evolution stage of cracks and hydrostatic pressure.There are some daughter minerals,like calcite and dolomite,in fluid inclusions in sphalerite,reflecting Pb-Zn mineralization in the carbonate-rich hydrothermal fluids.The late fluids released by Qianlishan granite migrated upward along different paths,and when they were cooled below the temperature of 400 ℃,brittle fractures would occur,and the fluids along the fractures continued ascending,so fluid boiling occurred.The fluids with temperatures between 340℃ and 400℃ and salinities w(NaCleq) of 7% would separate into liquid fluids with salinities of about 10% and gas fluids with salinities w(NaCleq) of about 0.02%,and due to the decrease of temperature and pressuree,the materials for mineralization deposited along cracks and voids,forming Pb-Zn veins,sheets and columns in Dongpo area.
The Chaishan-Shexingping Pb-Zn deposits of Dongpo are located in the distal areas of southeast Qianlishan intrusions and comprise Pb-Zn veinlike,columnar and sheet ore bodies,which have been apparently subjected to the alteration of carbonation and silicification.The fluid inclusions in sphalerite,fluorite,quartz and calcite of the Chaishan-Shexingping Pb-Zn deposits of Dongpo are composed of liquid-rich,gas-rich and daughter mineral-bearing inclusions.The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in these minerals range from 140℃ to 395℃,with peaks being 350℃,240~260℃ and 200~220℃,respectively,corresponding to various capture events of hydrothermal fluids in the formation processes of Pb-Zn veins and columns.The homogenization temperatures of gas-rich and liquid-rich inclusions in calcite are roughly similar,both concentrated between 268℃ and 395℃ with the peak being 350℃,and the salinities w(NaCleq) of the coexistent liquid inclusions range from 9% to 11%,confirming boiling and separation of gas and liquid phases.The salinities w(NaCleq) of fluid inclusions in these minerals range from 0 to 23%,with the clear peaks between 9% and 10%.The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions are consistent with those of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids at the evolution stage of cracks and hydrostatic pressure.There are some daughter minerals,like calcite and dolomite,in fluid inclusions in sphalerite,reflecting Pb-Zn mineralization in the carbonate-rich hydrothermal fluids.The late fluids released by Qianlishan granite migrated upward along different paths,and when they were cooled below the temperature of 400 ℃,brittle fractures would occur,and the fluids along the fractures continued ascending,so fluid boiling occurred.The fluids with temperatures between 340℃ and 400℃ and salinities w(NaCleq) of 7% would separate into liquid fluids with salinities of about 10% and gas fluids with salinities w(NaCleq) of about 0.02%,and due to the decrease of temperature and pressuree,the materials for mineralization deposited along cracks and voids,forming Pb-Zn veins,sheets and columns in Dongpo area.
引文
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毛景文,谢桂青,郭春丽,陈毓川.2007.南岭地区大规模钨锡多金属成矿作用:成矿时限及地球动力学背景[J].岩石学报,23(10):2329-2338.
毛景文,陈懋弘,袁顺达,郭春丽.2011.华南地区钦杭成矿带地质特征和矿床时空分布规律[J].地质学报,85(5):636-658.
饶家荣,王纪恒,曹一中.1993.湖南深部构造[J].湖南地质,12:351-362.
王昌烈,罗仁徽,胥友志,孙一虹,谢慈国,张重铭,徐文光,任湘眉.1987.柿竹园钨多金属矿床地质[M].北京:地质出版社.29-48.
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杨昌明.1986.蛇形坪铅锌矿成因初探[J].地质与勘探,12:19-27.
张怡军.1998.郴州枞树板大型铅锌银矿床成矿规律讨论[J].湖南地质,17(2):113-118.
Baker T,Achterberg E V,Ryan C Gand Lang J R.2004.Compositionand evolution of ore fluidsin a magmatic-hydrothermal skarn deposit[J].Geology,32(2):117-120.
Brock KJ.1972.Genesis of Garnet Hill skarn,Calaveras County,Cali-fornia[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,83:3391-3404.
Bussell M A,Alpers C N,Petersen U,Shepherd TJ,Bermudez C andBaxter A N.1990.The Ag-Mn-Pb-Zn vein,replacement,andskarn deposits of Uchucchacua,Peru:Studies of structure,minera-logy,metal zoning,Sr isotopes,and fluid inclusions[J].Econ.Geol.,85:1348-1383.
Fournier R O.1987.Conceptual models of brine evolutionin magmatic-hydrothermal systems[R].U.S.Geological Survey Professional Pa-per,1487-1506.
Fournier R O.1999.Hydrothermal processes related to movement offluid fromplastic into brittle rock in the magmatic-epithermal envi-ronment[J].Econ.Geol.,94:1193-1211.
Gunnesch K A,Angel C T D,Castro C C and Saez J.1994.The Cu(Au)skarn and Ag-Pb-Zn vein deposits of La Paz,northeasternMexico:Mineralogical paragenetic,and fluid inclusion characteris-tics[J].Econ.Geol.,89:1640-1650.
Guy B.1993.Banded skarns,example of geochemical dissipative struc-ture[J/OL].In Hal-00523251,1-20.
Jiang Y H,Jiang S Y,Zhao K Dand Ling HF.2006.Petrogenesis ofLate Jurassic Qianlishan granites and mafic dykes,Southeast China:I mplications for a back-arc extension setting[J].Geological Maga-zine,143(4):457-474.
Li X H,Liu D Y,Sun M,Li WX,Liang X Rand Liu Y.2004.Pre-cise Sm-Nd and U-Pb isotopic dating of the supergiant Shizhuyuanpolymetallic deposit and its host granite,SE China[J].GeologicalMagazine,141(2):225-231.
Lu C S,Reed MHand Misra KC.1992.Zinc-leadskarn mineralizationat Tin Creek,Alaska:Fluid inclusions and skarn-forming reactions[J].Geochi m.Cosmochi m.Acta,56(1):109-119.
Lu HZ,Liu Y M,Wang C L,Xu YZ and Li HQ.2003.Mineraliza-tion and fluid inclusion study of the Shizhuyuan W-Sn-Bi-Mo-Fskarn deposit,Hunan Province,China[J].Econ.Geol.,98:955-974.
Mao J Wand Li H Y.1995.Evolution of the Qianlishan granite stockandits relation to the Shizhuyuan polymetallic tungsten deposit[J].International Geology Review,37(1):63-80.
Megaw P K M,Ruiz J and Titley S R.1988.High-temperature,car-bonate-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn(Cu)deposits of northern Mexico[J].Econ.Geol.,83:1856-1885.
Megaw P K M.1998.Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Au replacementdeposits:An exploration perspective[A].In:lentz D R,ed.Mineralizedintrusion-relatedskarnsystems[C].Mineralogical Asso-ciation of Canada Short Course Notes,26:337-357.
Meinert L D.1987.Skarnzonation andfluid evolutioninthe GroundhogMine,Central mining district,New Mexico[J].Econ.Geol.,82:523-545.
Meinert L D,Hefton K K,Mayes D and Tasiran I.1997.Geology,zonation,and fluid evolution of the Big Gossan Cu-Au skarn de-posit,Ertsberg District,Irian Jaya[J].Econ.Geol.,92:509-534.
Meinert L D,Hedenquist J W,Satoh Hand Matsuhisa Y.2003.For-mation of anhydrous and hydrous skarn in Cu-Au ore deposits bymagmatic fluids[J].Econ.Geol.,98:147-156.
Samson I M,Williams-Jones A E,Ault K M,Gagnon J E and Fryer BJ.2008.Source of fluids forming distal Zn-Pb-Ag skarns:Evidencefrom laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometryanalysis of fluid inclusions from El Mochito,Honduras[J].Geolo-gy,36(12):947-950.
陈骏,Halls C,Stanley CJ.1994.柿竹园矽卡岩型钨锡钼铋矿床主要造岩矿物中REE的分布特征及成岩意义[J].地球化学,23(增刊):84-92.
刘悟辉,徐文火斤,戴塔根,李蘅.2006.湖南柿竹园钨锡多金属矿田野鸡尾矿床同位素地球化学研究[J].岩石学报,22(10):2517-2524.
卢焕章.2000.高盐度、高温和高成矿金属的岩浆成矿流体——以格拉斯伯格Cu-Au矿为例[J].岩石学报,16(4):465-472.
卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,欧光习,沈昆,张文淮.2004.流体包裹体[M].北京:科学出版社.208页.
毛景文,李红艳,王平安,Guy B,Perrin M,Rai mbault L.1994.湖南柿竹园钨多金属矿床中的锰质矽卡岩[J].矿床地质,13(1):38-47.
毛景文,李红艳,Guy B,Rai mbault L.1996.湖南柿竹园矽卡岩-云英岩型W-Sn-Mo-Bi矿床地质和成矿作用[J].矿床地质,15(1):1-14.
毛景文.1997.超大型钨多金属矿床成矿特殊性-以湖南柿竹园矿床为例[J].地质科学,32(3):351-363.
毛景文,谢桂青,郭春丽,陈毓川.2007.南岭地区大规模钨锡多金属成矿作用:成矿时限及地球动力学背景[J].岩石学报,23(10):2329-2338.
毛景文,陈懋弘,袁顺达,郭春丽.2011.华南地区钦杭成矿带地质特征和矿床时空分布规律[J].地质学报,85(5):636-658.
饶家荣,王纪恒,曹一中.1993.湖南深部构造[J].湖南地质,12:351-362.
王昌烈,罗仁徽,胥友志,孙一虹,谢慈国,张重铭,徐文光,任湘眉.1987.柿竹园钨多金属矿床地质[M].北京:地质出版社.29-48.
徐培苍,李如璧,王永强,王志海,李月琴.1996.地学中的拉曼光谱[M].陕西:陕西科学技术出版社.102页.
杨昌明.1986.蛇形坪铅锌矿成因初探[J].地质与勘探,12:19-27.
张怡军.1998.郴州枞树板大型铅锌银矿床成矿规律讨论[J].湖南地质,17(2):113-118.
Baker T,Achterberg E V,Ryan C Gand Lang J R.2004.Compositionand evolution of ore fluidsin a magmatic-hydrothermal skarn deposit[J].Geology,32(2):117-120.
Brock KJ.1972.Genesis of Garnet Hill skarn,Calaveras County,Cali-fornia[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,83:3391-3404.
Bussell M A,Alpers C N,Petersen U,Shepherd TJ,Bermudez C andBaxter A N.1990.The Ag-Mn-Pb-Zn vein,replacement,andskarn deposits of Uchucchacua,Peru:Studies of structure,minera-logy,metal zoning,Sr isotopes,and fluid inclusions[J].Econ.Geol.,85:1348-1383.
Fournier R O.1987.Conceptual models of brine evolutionin magmatic-hydrothermal systems[R].U.S.Geological Survey Professional Pa-per,1487-1506.
Fournier R O.1999.Hydrothermal processes related to movement offluid fromplastic into brittle rock in the magmatic-epithermal envi-ronment[J].Econ.Geol.,94:1193-1211.
Gunnesch K A,Angel C T D,Castro C C and Saez J.1994.The Cu(Au)skarn and Ag-Pb-Zn vein deposits of La Paz,northeasternMexico:Mineralogical paragenetic,and fluid inclusion characteris-tics[J].Econ.Geol.,89:1640-1650.
Guy B.1993.Banded skarns,example of geochemical dissipative struc-ture[J/OL].In Hal-00523251,1-20.
Jiang Y H,Jiang S Y,Zhao K Dand Ling HF.2006.Petrogenesis ofLate Jurassic Qianlishan granites and mafic dykes,Southeast China:I mplications for a back-arc extension setting[J].Geological Maga-zine,143(4):457-474.
Li X H,Liu D Y,Sun M,Li WX,Liang X Rand Liu Y.2004.Pre-cise Sm-Nd and U-Pb isotopic dating of the supergiant Shizhuyuanpolymetallic deposit and its host granite,SE China[J].GeologicalMagazine,141(2):225-231.
Lu C S,Reed MHand Misra KC.1992.Zinc-leadskarn mineralizationat Tin Creek,Alaska:Fluid inclusions and skarn-forming reactions[J].Geochi m.Cosmochi m.Acta,56(1):109-119.
Lu HZ,Liu Y M,Wang C L,Xu YZ and Li HQ.2003.Mineraliza-tion and fluid inclusion study of the Shizhuyuan W-Sn-Bi-Mo-Fskarn deposit,Hunan Province,China[J].Econ.Geol.,98:955-974.
Mao J Wand Li H Y.1995.Evolution of the Qianlishan granite stockandits relation to the Shizhuyuan polymetallic tungsten deposit[J].International Geology Review,37(1):63-80.
Megaw P K M,Ruiz J and Titley S R.1988.High-temperature,car-bonate-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn(Cu)deposits of northern Mexico[J].Econ.Geol.,83:1856-1885.
Megaw P K M.1998.Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Au replacementdeposits:An exploration perspective[A].In:lentz D R,ed.Mineralizedintrusion-relatedskarnsystems[C].Mineralogical Asso-ciation of Canada Short Course Notes,26:337-357.
Meinert L D.1987.Skarnzonation andfluid evolutioninthe GroundhogMine,Central mining district,New Mexico[J].Econ.Geol.,82:523-545.
Meinert L D,Hefton K K,Mayes D and Tasiran I.1997.Geology,zonation,and fluid evolution of the Big Gossan Cu-Au skarn de-posit,Ertsberg District,Irian Jaya[J].Econ.Geol.,92:509-534.
Meinert L D,Hedenquist J W,Satoh Hand Matsuhisa Y.2003.For-mation of anhydrous and hydrous skarn in Cu-Au ore deposits bymagmatic fluids[J].Econ.Geol.,98:147-156.
Samson I M,Williams-Jones A E,Ault K M,Gagnon J E and Fryer BJ.2008.Source of fluids forming distal Zn-Pb-Ag skarns:Evidencefrom laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometryanalysis of fluid inclusions from El Mochito,Honduras[J].Geolo-gy,36(12):947-950.
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