云南易门铜厂铜矿床C、O同位素组成及其地质意义
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摘要
易门铜厂矿床是滇中易门铜矿带中的Cu品位较低的大型矿床,是矿带中的一种代表性矿床。矿区发育沉积-成岩型铜矿(铜厂式)和热液脉状铜矿(大尖山式)两种矿(化)体,成矿地质作用较特殊。本文系统分析两类矿体和赋矿碳酸盐地层的C、O同位素组成。结果表明,铜厂式矿石中白云石的δ~(13)C_(PDB)=-3.7‰~1.4‰,平均值-0.1‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)=19.7‰~21.7‰,平均值20.8‰,与赋矿碳酸盐地层(落雪组)中的白云石C、O同位素组成一致,均在正常海相沉积碳酸盐岩的范围,且受成岩期后作用的影响小,具有典型的沉积-成岩成因标志。尖山式矿体的脉石矿物方解石的δ~(13)C_(PDB)=-3.7‰~0.1‰(均值为-1.5‰),δ~(18)O_(SMOW)=11.9‰~17.0‰(均值为14.1‰),与沉积-成岩型矿体和赋矿碳酸盐地层的C、O同位素组成明显不同,在δ~(13)C_(PDB)-δ~(18)O_(SMOW)图上集中于岩浆碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间的狭小范围内,指示其成矿流体与幔源或深部岩浆活动有关,为壳-幔混合流体。其中壳源组分可能主要由矿区碳酸盐地层提供,而幔源组分则可能与晋宁-澄江期基性岩浆活动过程中的去气作用有关。C、O同位素组成证据说明,铜厂矿区层状铜矿和脉状铜矿的成矿作用类型不同,成矿流体也不具同源性,是典型的沉积-成岩型+热液叠加型矿床。
The Tongchang copper deposit in Yimen county,a large one of low grade in within the Yimen copper ore belt in middle Yunnan Province,is a representative deposit.Two kinds of ore bodies(or mineralized bodies)-sedimentary-diagenetie copper ore(Tongchang type) and hydrothermal veinlike copper ore(Dajianshan type) are present in the ore district with special geological metallogenesis.This paper analyzes these two bodies as well as isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen in their ore-bearing carbonate strata.The results suggest that dolomite in Tongchang-type ore shows δ~(13)C_(PDB) = —3.7‰- 1.4‰ with an average value of-0.1%c and δ~(18)O_(SMOW) = 19.7‰-21.7‰ with an average value of 20.8‰,which is consistent with carbon and oxygen isotope composition of dolomite in the ore-bearing carbonate formation(Luoxue Formation).Both of them are within the range of normal marine sedimentary carbonatite,and little influenced by the process after the diagenetic period,showing a characteristic sedimentary-diagentic origin sign.Calcite as a gangue mineral in the Jianshan-type ore body displays δ~(13) C_(PDB) =-3.7‰~0.1‰(a mean value of-1.5‰) and δ~(18)O_(SMOW) = 11.9‰ ~ 17.0‰(a mean value of 14.\%c),which is obviously different from the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of sedimentary-diagentic ore body and ore-bearing carbonate formation.On the δ~(13)C_(PDB)-δ~(18)O_(SMOW) diagram,these data are gathered within a narrow scope between magmalic carbonatite and marine carbonatite,indicating the metallogenic fluids related with mantle source or deep magma activity are crust-mantle mixed fluids.Therefore,crust-derived components may be mainly provided by carbonate formation in the ore area;while mantle-derived constitutes are probably associated with degasification in the process of basic magma action during Jinning-Chengjiang stage.Such evidence as isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen shows that the Tongchang mineral deposit is typically sedimentary-diagenetie type + hydrothermal-superimposing type for that stratiform and veined copper ores are produced by different metallogenetic processes in the Tongchang orefield,and ore-forming fluids are not derived from a same source.
The Tongchang copper deposit in Yimen county,a large one of low grade in within the Yimen copper ore belt in middle Yunnan Province,is a representative deposit.Two kinds of ore bodies(or mineralized bodies)-sedimentary-diagenetie copper ore(Tongchang type) and hydrothermal veinlike copper ore(Dajianshan type) are present in the ore district with special geological metallogenesis.This paper analyzes these two bodies as well as isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen in their ore-bearing carbonate strata.The results suggest that dolomite in Tongchang-type ore shows δ~(13)C_(PDB) = —3.7‰- 1.4‰ with an average value of-0.1%c and δ~(18)O_(SMOW) = 19.7‰-21.7‰ with an average value of 20.8‰,which is consistent with carbon and oxygen isotope composition of dolomite in the ore-bearing carbonate formation(Luoxue Formation).Both of them are within the range of normal marine sedimentary carbonatite,and little influenced by the process after the diagenetic period,showing a characteristic sedimentary-diagentic origin sign.Calcite as a gangue mineral in the Jianshan-type ore body displays δ~(13) C_(PDB) =-3.7‰~0.1‰(a mean value of-1.5‰) and δ~(18)O_(SMOW) = 11.9‰ ~ 17.0‰(a mean value of 14.\%c),which is obviously different from the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of sedimentary-diagentic ore body and ore-bearing carbonate formation.On the δ~(13)C_(PDB)-δ~(18)O_(SMOW) diagram,these data are gathered within a narrow scope between magmalic carbonatite and marine carbonatite,indicating the metallogenic fluids related with mantle source or deep magma activity are crust-mantle mixed fluids.Therefore,crust-derived components may be mainly provided by carbonate formation in the ore area;while mantle-derived constitutes are probably associated with degasification in the process of basic magma action during Jinning-Chengjiang stage.Such evidence as isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen shows that the Tongchang mineral deposit is typically sedimentary-diagenetie type + hydrothermal-superimposing type for that stratiform and veined copper ores are produced by different metallogenetic processes in the Tongchang orefield,and ore-forming fluids are not derived from a same source.
引文
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Chen Yan-jing,Liu Cong-qiang,Chen Hua-yong,Zhang Zeng-jie,Li Chao.2000.Carbon isotope geochemistry of graphite deposits and ore-bearing khondalitc series in North China:implications for several geoscientific problems[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,16(2):233-244(in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen Jun,Wang He-nian.2004.Geochemistry of Slable[M].Beijing:Science Press;115-133(in Chinese)
Chen You-liang,Wei Jia,Ye Yong-qin,Song Hao,Sun Ze-xuan.2012.Significance and geochemical characteristics of ree and carbon-oxygen isotopes of calcites in the zoige uranium orefield in sichuan province,China[J].Advances in Earth Science,27510):1061-1067
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Liu De-liang,Sun Xian-ru,Li Zhen-sheng,Tang Nan-an,Tan-Ying,Liu Bo.2006.Analysis of carbon and oxygen isotope on the ordovician dolostones in the ordos basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,28(2):155-161(in Chinese with English abstract)
Mao Jing-wen,Wang Zhi-liang,Li Hou-min,Wang Cheng-yu,Chen Yuchuan.2003.Carbon and oxygen isotope components in the Pemfian basalt-hosted copper deposit in Ludian Area,Yunnan:Implication for the mineralization proeess[J].GeologyReview,49(6):610-615(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Qi Jin-Ping,Zhang Jing,Tang Guo-Jun.2005.Carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata south of the Xiong er terrane:evidence of the CMF model[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,21;1365-1372(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ran Chong-ying.1981.On the sedimentary environment and diagenetic metallogenesis of DongChuan type stratiform copper deposit in the KangDian earth's Axis[J].Geochimica,12(2):1 14-120
Ran Chong-ying,Liu Wei-hua.1993.Geochemistry of Copper Deposits and their Mechanism of Storeyed Texture in Kangdian Axis[M].Beijing:Science Press,30-163(in Chinese)
Ran Chong-ying,Wu Peng.2014.Discussions on the Metallogeny of the Dongchuan-Yimen Type Copper Deposits,Yunnan,China[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,38(4):848-854
Sun Jia-cong.1995.The tectonogeochemical characteristics and the blind ore prediction of Yimen-type copper deposit[R]:1-121(in Chinese)
Taylor HP Jr,Frechen J,Degens E T.1967.Oxygen and carbon isotope studies of carbonatites from the Laacher See District,West Germany and the Alno District Sweden[J].Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,31:407-430
Taylor HP Jr,Sheppard SMF.1986.Igneous rocks.1.Processes of isotopic fractionation and isotopic systematica.In:Valley JW,Taylor HP Jr,O'Neil JR(eds)Stable isotopes in high temperature geological processes[J].Reviews in Mineralogy,16;227-273
Tu Guang-chi.1984.Stratabound ore deposit geochemicai in China[M].Beijing:Science Press;1-354(in Chinese)
Veizer J,Demovie R.1974.Strontium as a tool for facies analysis[J].Sedimentary Petrology,44(1):93-115
Verizer J,Hoefs J.1976.The nature of~(18)O/~(16)O and~(13)C/~(12)C secular trend in sedimentary carbonate rocks[J].Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,40:1387-1395
WangAn-jia,Chu Guang-zhen,Huang Wen-hui,Wang Xu.2008.Geochemicai characteristics of carbon,oxygen stable isotopes in the Lower-Middle Ordovician carbonate rock in Tazhong and Bachu,Tarim Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Sci&Technol Ed),35(6):700-704(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Hong-wei,Wen Xing-ping,Chang Hai-liang,Liu-Can,Li Linqiang.2013.Characteristics of Carbon and Oxygen Isotope in Heqing Manganese Deposit,Yunnan,China[J].Geoseience,27(.3):612-620(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Zhi-tian,Qin Ke-zhang.1988.Types,Metallogenic environments and Characteristics of temporal and Spatial Distribution of Copper Deposits in China[J],Acta Geological Sinica,(1-4):257-268(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu Li-kun.1983.The prospecting direction and the genesis of Tongchang deposit in YiMen copper mine[J].Geology and Exploration,3:24-30(in Chinese)
Zheng Yong-fei,Chen Jiang-feng.2000.Stable Isotope Geoehemistry[M],Beijing:Science Press;1—316(in Chinese)
陈思尧,顾雪祥,程文斌,章永梅,郑硌,彭义伟,刘瑞萍.2013.滇西北羊拉铜矿床稳定同位素特征及其地质意义[J].岩石学报.29(4):1290-1300
陈衍景,刘丛强,陈华勇,张增杰,李超.2000.中国北方石黑矿床及赋矿孔达岩系碳同位素特征及有关问题讨论[J].岩石学报,16(2):233-244
陈骏.王鹤年.2004.地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社:115-133
陈友良,魏佳,叶永钦,宋昊.孙泽轩.2012.若尔盖铀矿田方解石稀土元素与碳氧同位素地球化学特征及其意义[J].地球科学进展,27(10):1061-1067
关平,王颖嘉.2009.全球古元古代碳同位素正异常的数据分析与成因评述[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),45(5):906-914
华仁民,阮惠础.刘燕,黄耀生.1988.东川铜矿的碳、氧同位素地质特征[J].桂林冶金地质学院学报,8(1):57-62
黄智龙,李文博,陈进,许德如,韩润生,刘丛强.2004.云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床C、O同位素地球化学[J].大地构造与成矿学.1:53-59
李兆龙,许文斗.庞文忠.1986.内蒙古中部层控多金属矿床硫、铅、碳和氧同位素组成及矿床成因[J].地球化学,(1):13-22
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