Magnetite from the Abagong deposit is low in Ti (TiO2 = 0.002-0.129 wt.%) and the apatites from different ore types (P-poor and P-rich ores) are typical igneous fluorapatites with minor Cl contents. Apatites of different forms and from different ore types show similar rare earth element (REE) and trace element-normalized patterns with weak-to-moderate enrichment in light REE, Th, U, and Pb, depletion in Sr, Ba, Nb, Ta, and Ti, and negative Eu anomalies, indicating a common source and genesis. The similar REE patterns for the magnetite, apatite, and volcanic host rocks suggest their close genetic linkage and support a magmatic origin for the deposit. The Abagong deposit shows the typical characteristics of Kiruna-type deposits with regard to the mineral assemblages, ore texture and structure, and the apatite and magnetite geochemistry. We propose that the Kiruna-type Abagong apatite-rich iron deposit was derived from Fe-P-rich melt through liquid immiscibility and the activity of hydrothermal fluids.
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