Oil Pollution in the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia: Application of Molecular Markers for Source Identification

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria ; Ai Horinouchi ; Shinobu Tsutsumi ; Hideshige Takada ; Shinsuke Tanabe ; and Ahmad Ismail
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2000
• 出版时间：April 1, 2000
• 年：2000
• 卷：34
• 期：7
• 页码：1189 - 1196
• 全文大小：208K
• 年卷期：v.34,no.7(April 1, 2000)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

The Straits of Malacca is one of the world's busiestsupertanker routes, and tanker-derived oil spills occurfrequently. In addition, domestic oil spills have been increasingdue to growing industrialization of Malaysia. The determination of the exact source of the spills is critically important.This paper examines the utility of biomarker compounds,triterpanes, to identify the source of the oil spills. Middle Eastcrude oils (MECO), South East Asian crude oils (SEACO), tar-balls, sediments, and mussels were analyzed. The mostdistinctive compositional features for the crude oils are that17, 21(H)C₂₉ norhopane and C₃₁-C₃₅ homohopanes,especially C₃₅ homohopanes, are depleted in SEACO. Theseremarkably different hopane compositions can beexplained by the fact that MECO and SEACO are derivedfrom carbonate (marine) and lacustrine/deltaic shale(nonmarine) source rocks, respectively. Two of the eight tar-balls samples collected on the coast of PeninsularMalaysia were identified to be derived from Middle Eastpetroleum based on their biomarker signatures. The resultsof oleanane analyses imply that a low concentration ofoleanane does not always indicate a Middle East petroleumcontribution although at high concentration oleananecan be a useful biomarker for South East Asian oil sources.Application of the source-identifier to sediment andmussel samples showed the Middle East oil signature.One possible explanation is that Middle East oil is used informulating Malaysian lubricating oils which are thesource of oil found in sediment and mussel samples. Thisis consistent with the analytical results for the lubricatingoil used in Malaysia and the street dust samples.