河流辫——曲转换特点与废弃河道模式
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摘要
通过总结河流变迁规律,明确了辫—曲转换特征,建立了辫—曲过渡型河流的沉积序列;通过分析弯曲度与废弃河道沉积特征的相互关系,提出不同类型河流中存在分叉分流、串沟取直及颈项截直三类废弃河道,并提出三类废弃河道的分类依据,进而建立了相应的沉积模式。通过解剖北京西山军庄二叠系河流相野外露头,分析了辫状河、以曲流河及其过渡型河流的沉积特征与演变特点,识别出该露头中发育的废弃河道,进而明确该露头中产生辫—曲转换的地质因素是不同气候条件下,由于沉积供源的差异导致河道类型的变化。
Based on summing up the great variability and dynamic behavior of rivers, we analyzed the meander-brai-ded transition characteristics and constructed its sedimentary sequence. According to the relationship between sinuosityand abandoned channels, we divided abandoned channels into three patterns which are avulsion, chute cutoff-andneck cutoff-abandoned channel, respectively, and each pattern has its particular sedimentary sequence model. Fur-thermore, by analyzing the sedimentary characteristics from a Permian fluvial outcrop located in Beijing western sub-urbs, we clarified the evolution of braided, meander-braided transition and meandering channels and distinguishedthree abandoned channels. We reached the conclusion that the main factor leading to meander-braided transition in thestudy area is the change of sediment supply caused by different climate conditions.
Based on summing up the great variability and dynamic behavior of rivers, we analyzed the meander-brai-ded transition characteristics and constructed its sedimentary sequence. According to the relationship between sinuosityand abandoned channels, we divided abandoned channels into three patterns which are avulsion, chute cutoff-andneck cutoff-abandoned channel, respectively, and each pattern has its particular sedimentary sequence model. Fur-thermore, by analyzing the sedimentary characteristics from a Permian fluvial outcrop located in Beijing western sub-urbs, we clarified the evolution of braided, meander-braided transition and meandering channels and distinguishedthree abandoned channels. We reached the conclusion that the main factor leading to meander-braided transition in thestudy area is the change of sediment supply caused by different climate conditions.
引文
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[2]Rust B R.A classification of alluvial channel systems[M]//Smith N D,Rogers J.Miall A.Fluvial Sedimentology.Calgary,Alberta,Canada:Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists,1977:187-198.
[3]Reading H G.Sedimentary Environments:Processes,Facies and Stratigraphy[M].3rd ed.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1996:688.
[4]Schumm S A.Patterns of alluvial rivers[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,1985,13(1):5-27.
[5]Walker R G.Facies Models:Geosciences Canada Reprint Series 1[M].Ontario,Canada:Geological Association of Canada,1980:211.
[6]Toonen W H J,Kleinhans M G,Cohen K M.Sedimentary architecture of abandoned channel fills[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2012,37(4):459-472.
[7]Friend P F,Sinha R.Braiding and meandering parameters[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications,1993,75(1):105-111.
[8]Bridge J S,Tye R S.Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvial channel bars,channels,and channel belts from wireline-logs and cores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(8):1205-1228.
[9]Schumm S A.The Fluvial System[M].New York:Wiley-Interscience,1977:338.
[10]Constantine J A,Dunne T.Meander cutoff and the controls on the production of oxbow lakes[J].Geology,2008,36(1):23-26.
[11]Viseras C,Soria J M,Durán J J,et al.A large-mammal site in a meandering fluvial context(Fonelas P-1,Late Pliocene,Guadix Basin,Spain):sedimentological keys for its paleoenvironmental reconstruction[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2006,242(3/4):139-168.
[12]Brice J C.Lateral migration of the middle Sacramento River,California[R].Water-Resources Investigations Report.US Geological Survey,Water Resources Division,1977:51.
[13]Lewis G W,Lewin J.Alluvial cutoffs in Wales and the Borderlands[M]//Collinson J D,Lewin J.Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems.United Kingdom:International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication,1983:145-154.
[14]Gagliano S M,Howard P C.The neck cutoff oxbow lake cycle along the lower Mississippi River[C]//Elliot C M.River Meanders:Proceedings of the Conference Rivers 1983.New Orleans:American Society of Civil Engineers,1984:147-158.
[15]Ghinassi M.Chute channels in the Holocene high-sinuosity river deposits of the Firenze plain,Tuscany,Italy[J].Sedimentology,2011,58(3):618-642.
[16]Hooke J M.River channel adjustment to meander cutoffs on the River Bollin and River Dane,northwest England[J].Geomorphology,1995,14(3):235-253.
[17]胡雨帆,萧宗正.关于北京西山红庙岭组之地质时代[J].地质论评,1987,33(6):559-562.[Hu Yufan,Xiao Zongzheng.On the age of the Hongmiaoling Formation in Xishan,Beijng[J].Geological Review,1987,33(6):559-562.]
[18]汪曾荫,刘汉男,唐锦秀,等.华北地台晚古生代含煤地层多重划分[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1996,11(1):9-23.[Wang Zengyin,Liu Hannan,Tang Jinxiu,et al.The multiple classification of Late Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of North China platform[J].Journal of Geology&Mineral Resources of North China,1996,11(1):9-23.]
[19]周园园,邵龙义,贺聪,等.北京西山潭柘寺地区石炭—二叠纪层序地层与聚煤作用研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2011,23(3):5-10.[Zhou Yuanyuan,Shao Longyi,He Cong,et al.Permo-Carboniferous sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation in Tanzhesi Temple area,Western Hills,Beijing[J].Coal Geology of China,2011,23(3):5-10.]
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