塔里木盆地顺南地区火山口地震勘探方法及其与油气关系
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摘要
塔里木盆地在二叠纪曾发生强烈火山活动,盆地内部广泛发育火山岩,前人对其进行了大量研究,但专门针对火山口的研究还较为缺乏。岩浆沿着火山通道运移至火山口溢出,运移过程中对储层有着明显改造作用。根据钻井和三维地震资料,结合前人研究成果,对顺南地区火山口地震勘探方法及其与油气的关系进行了研究。研究表明:火山口在地震剖面上具有圆顶状、眼状、坑状等形态;根据岩性岩相识别法、厚度分析法、地震识别法及断裂构造分析法在平面和剖面上确定了火山口具有发育火山碎屑岩、火山岩厚度较大、低相干圆点状异常及火山岩层同相轴下弯等特征。此外,对三维地震区内火山口分布规律的研究表明,火山口位置与奥陶系强振幅异常分布有一定相关性,即都受到多组断裂交汇及断裂密集程度的控制;研究区内火山口多位于东部S4井和S5井之间区域,平面上呈不规则圆形,直径多为200~500m,各火山口间距多为2~4km,在相干平面图上可见18个火山口,其中8个较为明显。
Strong volcanic activities ourred in Tarim Basin in Permian period causing the wide distribution of volcanic rocks in the area.Many researches have been made on volcanic rocks but few are aimed at craters.The magma migrated along the volcanic passway and effused from craters.The magma reformed the reservoirs during the migration.This paper confirms that the volcanic craters have the features of volcaniclastic rocks,great thickness of volcanic rocks,low coherent dot anomaly and volcanic horizon bending by the lithology and lithoface identification,thickness analysis,seismic identification and fault analysis.Besides,the paper suggests that the distribution of craters has a correlation with the distribution of Ordivician high amplitude anomaly.They are both controlled by the intersection of multigroup faults and the density of faults.The volcanic craters within Shunnan 3 Dseismic survey are distributed between S4 well and S5 well mostly.The diameters of them mainly are 200-500 mand the distance between them mainly are 2-4 km.There developed 18 craters totally and 8 of them can be seen clearly in seismic profiles.
Strong volcanic activities ourred in Tarim Basin in Permian period causing the wide distribution of volcanic rocks in the area.Many researches have been made on volcanic rocks but few are aimed at craters.The magma migrated along the volcanic passway and effused from craters.The magma reformed the reservoirs during the migration.This paper confirms that the volcanic craters have the features of volcaniclastic rocks,great thickness of volcanic rocks,low coherent dot anomaly and volcanic horizon bending by the lithology and lithoface identification,thickness analysis,seismic identification and fault analysis.Besides,the paper suggests that the distribution of craters has a correlation with the distribution of Ordivician high amplitude anomaly.They are both controlled by the intersection of multigroup faults and the density of faults.The volcanic craters within Shunnan 3 Dseismic survey are distributed between S4 well and S5 well mostly.The diameters of them mainly are 200-500 mand the distance between them mainly are 2-4 km.There developed 18 craters totally and 8 of them can be seen clearly in seismic profiles.
引文
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[18]杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):199-205.
[19]孙崇浩,于红枫,王怀盛,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩孔洞发育规律研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):230-236.
[20]刘洛夫,李燕,王萍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区I号断裂带上奥陶统良里塔格组储集层类型及有利区带预测[J].古地理学报,2008,10(3):221-230.
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[23]Davies R,Bell B R,Cartwright J A,et al.Three dimensional seismic imaging of Paleogene dike-fed submarine volcanoes from the northeast Atlantic margin[J].Geology,2002,30(3):223-226.
[24]Planke S,Rasmussen T,Rey S S,et al.Seismic characteristics and distribution of volcanic intrusions and hydrothermal complexes in the Vring and Mre Basins[C]∥Intrusion and Verrts in the Vring and Mre Basins.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2005:833-844.
[25]Hansen D M.The morphology of intrusion-related vent structures and their implications for constraining the timing of intrusive events along the NE Atlantic margin[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2006,163(5):789-800.
[26]罗静兰,翟晓先,蒲仁海,等.塔河油田火山岩的层位归属、火山岩岩石学与岩相学特征[J].地质科学,2006,41(3):378-391.
[27]沈艳杰,程日辉,王腾飞,等.火山口堆积及其相模式:以松辽盆地白垩系营城组为例[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(6):2006-2013.
[28]陈汉林,杨树锋,董传万,等.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(10):1096-1098.
[29]温生明,王建忠,王贵重,等.塔里木盆地火成岩发育特征及对油气成藏的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(增刊):33-39.
[2]潘文庆,张巍,于红枫,等.塔里木盆地跃南地区二叠系火山岩储层成因机理研究[J].地质学报,2013,49(4):603-613.
[3]邹才能,赵文智,贾承造,等.中国沉积盆地火山岩油气藏形成与分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(3):257-271.
[4]杨辉,徐怀民,黄娅,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区火山岩识别及其油气成藏意义[J].科技导报,2013,31(1):38-42.
[5]陈汉林,杨树峰,董传万,等.塔里木盆地二叠纪基性岩带的确定及大地构造意义[J].地球化学,1997,26(6):77-87.
[6]杨树峰,陈汉林,董传万,等.塔里木盆地二叠正长岩的确定及其地球动力学意义[J].地球化学,1996,25(2):121-128.
[7]刘晓,关平,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地二叠系火山岩空间展布的精细刻画及其地质意义[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2011,47(2):315-320.
[8]陈业全.塔中地区火山岩形成分布和油气关系[D].贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所,2005.
[9]蒲仁海,党晓红,许璟,等.塔里木盆地二叠系划分对比与火山岩分布[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):166-180.
[10]Xu Y G,Wei X,Luo Z Y,et al.The Early Permian Tarim large igneous province:Main characteristics and a plume incubation model[J].Lithos,2014,204:20-35.
[11]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,北京:1-261.
[12]任建业,张俊霞,阳怀忠,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带断裂系统分析[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):21-230.
[13]汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,等.中国西北叠合盆地的主要构造特征[J].地学前缘,2003,10(8):118-124.
[14]邬光辉,杨海军,屈泰来,等.塔里木盆地塔中隆起断裂系统特征及其对海相碳酸盐岩油气的控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):793-805.
[15]Li C X,Wang X F,Li B L,et al.Paleozoic fault systems of the Tazhong uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Petroleum Geololy,2013,39:48-58.
[16]杨树峰,历子龙,陈汉林,等.塔里木二叠纪石英正长斑岩岩墙的发现及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2006,22(5):1405-1412.
[17]张巍,关平,齐英敏,等.塔里木盆地满西—阿瓦提地区二叠系火山岩空间展布与主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(增刊):79-90.
[18]杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):199-205.
[19]孙崇浩,于红枫,王怀盛,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩孔洞发育规律研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):230-236.
[20]刘洛夫,李燕,王萍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区I号断裂带上奥陶统良里塔格组储集层类型及有利区带预测[J].古地理学报,2008,10(3):221-230.
[21]Joppen M,White R S.The structure and subsidence of rockall trough from two-ship seismic experiments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(12):19821-19837.
[22]Bell B,Butcher H.On the emplacement of sill complexes:Evidence from the Faroe-Shetland Basin[J].Geological Society of London Special Publications,2002,197(1):307-329.
[23]Davies R,Bell B R,Cartwright J A,et al.Three dimensional seismic imaging of Paleogene dike-fed submarine volcanoes from the northeast Atlantic margin[J].Geology,2002,30(3):223-226.
[24]Planke S,Rasmussen T,Rey S S,et al.Seismic characteristics and distribution of volcanic intrusions and hydrothermal complexes in the Vring and Mre Basins[C]∥Intrusion and Verrts in the Vring and Mre Basins.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2005:833-844.
[25]Hansen D M.The morphology of intrusion-related vent structures and their implications for constraining the timing of intrusive events along the NE Atlantic margin[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2006,163(5):789-800.
[26]罗静兰,翟晓先,蒲仁海,等.塔河油田火山岩的层位归属、火山岩岩石学与岩相学特征[J].地质科学,2006,41(3):378-391.
[27]沈艳杰,程日辉,王腾飞,等.火山口堆积及其相模式:以松辽盆地白垩系营城组为例[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(6):2006-2013.
[28]陈汉林,杨树锋,董传万,等.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(10):1096-1098.
[29]温生明,王建忠,王贵重,等.塔里木盆地火成岩发育特征及对油气成藏的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(增刊):33-39.
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