中国大陆型冰川和海洋型冰川变化比较分析——以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川和玉龙雪山白水河1号冰川为例
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摘要
以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川和玉龙雪山白水河1号冰川为例,比较分析了全球变暖背景下中国大陆型冰川和海洋型冰川自20世纪中期以来的变化。结果表明:物质平衡亏损、平衡线高度上升、活动层温度升高、厚度减薄、运动速度降低、末端退缩、面积和冰储量减少是两类冰川的主要变化趋势;大陆型冰川变率有加大或者大于海洋型冰川的表现,并且两类冰川的变化幅度差距有逐渐缩小或趋稳的迹象。进一步分析认为:两类冰川消融退缩的主要原因是气温上升,重要因素是冰面反照率降低,而气候环境、响应气候变化的敏感性、加速消融机理等差异,是造成两者变化差异性的主要原因。
It is of great scientific significances and realistic values to comparatively research continental glacier and temperate glacier change. As an indicator of climate change,glacier change has attracted many researchers to pay great attentions for a long time. This paper carried out a comparative study on the changes of Glacier No. 1( a continental glacier) at the headwaters of the Urumqi River and of Glacier No. 1( a temperate glacier) in the Baishui River Basin in the Yulong Mountain under global warming since the 1950 s. The results showed that the glacial mass loss and equilibrium-line altitude as well as the temperature in mobile layer increased,glacier depth thinned,flow velocity slowed down,glacier terminus retreated,and the glacier area and volume reduced. The change rate of continental glacier increased or higher than that of temperate glacier,and the change gaps of two type glaciers reduced gradually or stabilized. Further analysis revealed that the ablation and retreat of two type glaciers was mainly caused by temperature increase,and then by the reduction of ice-surface albedo,and the differences between two type glaciers were the climatic environment,sensitivity of response to climate change,the mechanism of accelerated ablation,and others.
It is of great scientific significances and realistic values to comparatively research continental glacier and temperate glacier change. As an indicator of climate change,glacier change has attracted many researchers to pay great attentions for a long time. This paper carried out a comparative study on the changes of Glacier No. 1( a continental glacier) at the headwaters of the Urumqi River and of Glacier No. 1( a temperate glacier) in the Baishui River Basin in the Yulong Mountain under global warming since the 1950 s. The results showed that the glacial mass loss and equilibrium-line altitude as well as the temperature in mobile layer increased,glacier depth thinned,flow velocity slowed down,glacier terminus retreated,and the glacier area and volume reduced. The change rate of continental glacier increased or higher than that of temperate glacier,and the change gaps of two type glaciers reduced gradually or stabilized. Further analysis revealed that the ablation and retreat of two type glaciers was mainly caused by temperature increase,and then by the reduction of ice-surface albedo,and the differences between two type glaciers were the climatic environment,sensitivity of response to climate change,the mechanism of accelerated ablation,and others.
引文
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