基于泉(井)水特性的准噶尔盆地东南缘煤矿硫化氢成因研究
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摘要
位于准噶尔盆地东南缘地带的矿区含煤地层硫化氢富集异常,发生过多起伤亡事故。地下水体的化学特性、微生物活动特征能灵敏地反映地壳内部信息变化,基于区域泉(井)水特性,探讨煤矿硫化氢成因,对查明煤岩层硫化氢气体的来源、赋存和防治,以及煤层气、油气等开采具有重要意义。煤矿瓦斯气体组分以CH_4,N_2为主,伴有CO_2,H_2S和重烃等;区域地层水沿径流方向水化学类型由HCO_3—Ca—Na和HCO_3—SO_4—Na—Ca演变成HCO_3—SO_4—Cl—Na—K,矿化度、硬度及p H逐渐变高,为弱碱性咸水;含煤地层出露泉水富含CH_4,N_2,CO_2,H_2S,H_2和重烃气体;4号泉CH_4含量和水温一直呈下降趋势,而H_2S,CO_2及SO_4~(2-)含量则保持平稳上升趋势;水体中CO_2的δ~(13)C值较轻,普遍在-1.81%~-1.12%间。矿井地下水水体检测到的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)数量最高达3 500个/g,表明SRB繁衍活动激烈;10号泉4.35%的克隆子与CH_4厌氧氧化相关,还检测到一些来自栖息于地层深部(含煤岩层)水体中与厌氧含硫环境中的SRB,表明水体处于厌氧状态,泉水中微生物的繁衍生息与含硫化合物密切相关。上述均具有发生硫酸盐生物还原(BSR)作用的特征,而区域成煤环境及煤岩层火烧都不具备大规模H_2S富集条件,由此可知,目前区域硫化氢的形成与后期的BSR作用有密切联系。
The enrichment abnormal of hydrogen sulfide(H_2S)in the coal-bearing stratum of the southeast margin of Junggar basin,occurred many casualties.The characteristics of chemical and microbial activity of groundwater can sensitively reflect the change of information in the crust.Based on the characteristics of spring(well)water in the study regions,this paper discussed the origin of hydrogen sulfide in coal mines,which is of great significance to identify the source,occurrence and control of hydrogen sulfide gas in coal bearing strata and the exploitation of coalbed methane and hydrocarbon.The gas composition in coal bed mainly are N_2and CH_4,components H_2S,CO_2and heavy hydrocarbon,the highest content of H_2S in the gas is 2.11%.The chemistry type of stratigraphic water along flow direction changed from HCO_3—Ca—Na and HCO_3—SO_4—Na—Ca into HCO_3—SO_4—Cl—Na—K.The salinity,hardness and p H value of water gradually become high,which is saltwater of alkalescence.The spring(well)water outcropping in the coal bearing strata,which rich in CH_4,N_2,CO_2,H_2S,H_2and some heavy hydrocarbons,et al.The content of methane and water temperature in the spring of No.4 have been downward trend,while the content of H_2S,CO_2and SO_4~(2-)remained stable upward trend.Theδ~(13)C values of carbon in water generally from-1.81%to-1.12%,has the characteristics of little.The number of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)up to 3 500(A/g sample)detected in mine groundwater,which direct the SRB breed intense.About 4.35%clone have relation with the anaerobic oxidation of methane in the No.10 spring,in addition,SRB within the anaerobic sulfur environment from habitat in the deep strata(coal bearing strata)in water also was detected.The conclusions indicate that the water body is in anaerobic condition,the propagation of microorganisms in the spring water is closely related to the sulfur compounds.Both above have the characteristic of BSR.While the coal forming environment and coal and rock burned are not enrichment of large-scale H_2S.So that,the formation of H_2S is in a close connection with the BSR in the later stage.
The enrichment abnormal of hydrogen sulfide(H_2S)in the coal-bearing stratum of the southeast margin of Junggar basin,occurred many casualties.The characteristics of chemical and microbial activity of groundwater can sensitively reflect the change of information in the crust.Based on the characteristics of spring(well)water in the study regions,this paper discussed the origin of hydrogen sulfide in coal mines,which is of great significance to identify the source,occurrence and control of hydrogen sulfide gas in coal bearing strata and the exploitation of coalbed methane and hydrocarbon.The gas composition in coal bed mainly are N_2and CH_4,components H_2S,CO_2and heavy hydrocarbon,the highest content of H_2S in the gas is 2.11%.The chemistry type of stratigraphic water along flow direction changed from HCO_3—Ca—Na and HCO_3—SO_4—Na—Ca into HCO_3—SO_4—Cl—Na—K.The salinity,hardness and p H value of water gradually become high,which is saltwater of alkalescence.The spring(well)water outcropping in the coal bearing strata,which rich in CH_4,N_2,CO_2,H_2S,H_2and some heavy hydrocarbons,et al.The content of methane and water temperature in the spring of No.4 have been downward trend,while the content of H_2S,CO_2and SO_4~(2-)remained stable upward trend.Theδ~(13)C values of carbon in water generally from-1.81%to-1.12%,has the characteristics of little.The number of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)up to 3 500(A/g sample)detected in mine groundwater,which direct the SRB breed intense.About 4.35%clone have relation with the anaerobic oxidation of methane in the No.10 spring,in addition,SRB within the anaerobic sulfur environment from habitat in the deep strata(coal bearing strata)in water also was detected.The conclusions indicate that the water body is in anaerobic condition,the propagation of microorganisms in the spring water is closely related to the sulfur compounds.Both above have the characteristic of BSR.While the coal forming environment and coal and rock burned are not enrichment of large-scale H_2S.So that,the formation of H_2S is in a close connection with the BSR in the later stage.
引文
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[8]王道,许秋龙,Ш.С.尤素甫夫.天山地震活动区地下水中碳同位素的初步研究[J].内陆地震,2002,16(4):294-301.WANG D,XU Q L,SH S YUSHUPOV.Preliminary study on carbon isotope in ground water in Tianshan seishan seismic activity area[J].Inland Earthquake,2002,16(4):294-301.
[9]刘洪林,刘春涌,王红岩,等.西北低阶煤中生物成因煤层气的成藏模拟实验[J].新疆地质,2006,24(2):149-152.LIU H L,LIU C Y,WANG H Y,et al.Simulation experiment of biogenic gas in northwest China[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(2):149-152.
[10]薛娟,曾军,姿恺.新疆两冷泉菌藻席细菌组成及多样性分析[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(6):1071-1077.XUE J,ZENG J,LOU K.Bacterial compositon and diversity analysisi of two coal spring microbial mats in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2013,50(6):1071-1077.
[11]HEADD B,ENGEL AS.Evidence for niche partitioning revealed by the distribuetion of sulfur oxidation genese collected from areas of a terrestrial sulfidie spring with differing geochemical conditions[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2013,79(4):1171-1182.
[12]LIU M J,DENG Q G,ZHAO F J.Origin of hydrogen sulfide in coal seams in China[J].Safety Science,2012,50:668-673.
[13]MACHEL H G.Bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction in diagenetic settings-old and new insights[J].Sedimentary Geology,2001,140:143-175.
[14]ALON AMRANI,ZHANG T W,MA Q S,et al.The role of labile sulfur compounds in thermochemical sulfate reduction[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2008,72:2960-2972.
[2]潘桂棠,陆松年,肖庆辉,等.中国大地构造阶段划分和演化[J].地学前缘,2016,23(6):1-23.PAN G T,LU S N,XIAO Q H,et al.Division of tectonic stages and tectonic evolution in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(6):1-23.
[3]段磊,王文科,曹玉清.天山北麓中段地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(9):29-34.DUAN L,WANG W K,CAO Y Q.Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanics of ground water in the middle of northern slope of Tianshan mountains[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(9):29-34.
[4]冯芳,冯起,李忠勤,等.天山乌鲁木齐河流域山区水化学特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(1):143-155.FENG F,FENG Q,LI Z Q,et al.Analysis on the hydrochemical characteristics in the upper reaches of Urumqi River Basin,Eastern Tianshan[J].Joural of Natural Resources,2014,29(1):143-155.
[5]李慧,曾军,高小其,等.新疆断裂带含硫冷泉泉水细菌群落结构多样性[J].微生物学报.2011,51(5):595-602.LI H,ZENG J,GAO X Q,et al.Bacterial community structure and diversity in a cold sulfur spring in Xinjiang faulting zone[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica.2011,51(5):595-602.
[6]高小其,许秋龙.2003年2月14日新疆石河子5.0、5.4级地震地下流体前兆异常特征的分析[J].内陆地震,2004,18(1):64-71.GAO X Q,XU Q L.Analysis of the prognostic anomaly characteristics about the underground fluid for Shihezi earthquake with MS 5.0 and MS 5.4 on FEB.14,2013 in Xinjiang[J].Inland Earthquake,2004,18(1):64-71.
[7]李萍,曾军,祖丽皮亚·玉努斯,等.新疆乌鲁木齐10号冷泉古菌群落结构多样性[J].微生物学报,2013,53(3):230-240.LI P,ZENG J,ZULIPIYA YUNUS,et al.Archaeal community structure and diversity in Urumqi No.10cold sulfur Spring analyzed by culture-independent approach[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2013,53(3):230-240.
[8]王道,许秋龙,Ш.С.尤素甫夫.天山地震活动区地下水中碳同位素的初步研究[J].内陆地震,2002,16(4):294-301.WANG D,XU Q L,SH S YUSHUPOV.Preliminary study on carbon isotope in ground water in Tianshan seishan seismic activity area[J].Inland Earthquake,2002,16(4):294-301.
[9]刘洪林,刘春涌,王红岩,等.西北低阶煤中生物成因煤层气的成藏模拟实验[J].新疆地质,2006,24(2):149-152.LIU H L,LIU C Y,WANG H Y,et al.Simulation experiment of biogenic gas in northwest China[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(2):149-152.
[10]薛娟,曾军,姿恺.新疆两冷泉菌藻席细菌组成及多样性分析[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(6):1071-1077.XUE J,ZENG J,LOU K.Bacterial compositon and diversity analysisi of two coal spring microbial mats in Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2013,50(6):1071-1077.
[11]HEADD B,ENGEL AS.Evidence for niche partitioning revealed by the distribuetion of sulfur oxidation genese collected from areas of a terrestrial sulfidie spring with differing geochemical conditions[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2013,79(4):1171-1182.
[12]LIU M J,DENG Q G,ZHAO F J.Origin of hydrogen sulfide in coal seams in China[J].Safety Science,2012,50:668-673.
[13]MACHEL H G.Bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction in diagenetic settings-old and new insights[J].Sedimentary Geology,2001,140:143-175.
[14]ALON AMRANI,ZHANG T W,MA Q S,et al.The role of labile sulfur compounds in thermochemical sulfate reduction[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2008,72:2960-2972.
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