断背斜应变中和面张性段储层主控因素及预测方法——以克拉苏冲断带为例
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摘要
塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带白垩系巴什基奇克组储集层垂向上一直被认为主要受沉积相带控制。在钻井过程中,相同应力背景、同一相带储集层垂向上物性、裂缝特征、地应力、钻遇复杂程度均存在差异。本文以克拉苏冲断带克深井区为例,从实际地质资料出发,根据实钻过程中的岩心、FMI成像测井、常规测井、地应力等特征,提出断背斜目的层垂向上基于应力差异分为张性段、过渡段、压扭段。三段中,以张性段储集层储层品质最好,储层物性高、挤压应力相对较弱、裂缝溶蚀强度高、钻井事故少,天然气量占天然气地质储量的60%以上,为勘探的首选区。结合有限元数值模拟技术,提出控制张性段的主要因素为构造最大主曲率、南翼边界断层倾角、断控幅度角、构造枢纽与高点之间夹角。根据四个控制因素的相关性及实际应用性提出了利用构造最大主曲率及断控幅度角预测张性段厚度的方法,两者误差均低于20%。构造最大主曲率法适用于井控程度高的井区,如评价–开发阶段;断控幅度角法基于过目标靶点的地震资料,对井控无要求,适用于圈闭预探-评价-开发阶段。
The reservoir of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in the Kelasu anticline zone of the Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin has long been considered to be controlled by sedimentary facies in vertical direction. The drilling practice showed that the physical properties, fracture characteristics, geostress and drilling complexity of the reservoir are vertically different in the same facies belt with similar geostress background. In this paper, with the Keshen block of the Kelasu fold-thrust belt as an example, combing features of cores, FMI imaging logging, conventional logging, geostress and other drilling data, we divided the reservoir of faulted fold into three zones in the vertical direction, tensional zone, transitional zone and transpressional zone. In these three zones, the tensional zone has the best reservoir quality, with high physical property, relatively weak compression stress, strong fracture dissolution and low drilling incident. The tensional zone accounts for more than 60% of the total gas reserve, and is the best choice for exploration in the Keshen block. Using finite element numerical simulation, we discussed the main controlling factors of the tensional zone reservoir, including the maximum structural curvature, dip of southern boundary fault, angle controlled by fault, angle between pivotal zone and structural high. Two methods were proposed to predict the thickness of tensional zone, using the maximum structural curvature and angle controlled by fault respectively. The errors of both prediction methods are better than 20%. The method of maximum structural curvature is applicable to the well area with high well controlling extent such as evaluation-development stage. The method of angle controlled by fault is based on the seismic data crossing the target. As no controlling well is needed, it is applicable to the trap-preliminary-prospect and evaluationdevelopment stage.
The reservoir of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in the Kelasu anticline zone of the Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin has long been considered to be controlled by sedimentary facies in vertical direction. The drilling practice showed that the physical properties, fracture characteristics, geostress and drilling complexity of the reservoir are vertically different in the same facies belt with similar geostress background. In this paper, with the Keshen block of the Kelasu fold-thrust belt as an example, combing features of cores, FMI imaging logging, conventional logging, geostress and other drilling data, we divided the reservoir of faulted fold into three zones in the vertical direction, tensional zone, transitional zone and transpressional zone. In these three zones, the tensional zone has the best reservoir quality, with high physical property, relatively weak compression stress, strong fracture dissolution and low drilling incident. The tensional zone accounts for more than 60% of the total gas reserve, and is the best choice for exploration in the Keshen block. Using finite element numerical simulation, we discussed the main controlling factors of the tensional zone reservoir, including the maximum structural curvature, dip of southern boundary fault, angle controlled by fault, angle between pivotal zone and structural high. Two methods were proposed to predict the thickness of tensional zone, using the maximum structural curvature and angle controlled by fault respectively. The errors of both prediction methods are better than 20%. The method of maximum structural curvature is applicable to the well area with high well controlling extent such as evaluation-development stage. The method of angle controlled by fault is based on the seismic data crossing the target. As no controlling well is needed, it is applicable to the trap-preliminary-prospect and evaluationdevelopment stage.
引文
初广震,石石,邵龙义,王海应,郭振华.2014.库车坳陷克深2气藏与克拉2气田白垩系巴什基奇克组储层地质特征对比研究.现代地质,28(3):605-608.
戴黎明,李三忠,刘泽,胡梦颖,刘连启,杨彦峰.2016.车镇凹陷大1断层对区域油气成藏控制作用的三维数值模拟.大地构造与成矿学,40(1):47-57.
冯吉利,钟铁毅,温科伟.1999.非局部模型与变形局部化数值模拟.固体力学学报,20(1):16-22.
顾宏星,傅雪海,季明,陈莉.2011.褶皱中和面位置确定及其在六盘水涝河向斜中的应用.煤田地质与勘探,39(5):11-14.
韩登林,李忠,寿建峰.2011.背斜构造不同部位储集层物性差异--以库车坳陷克拉2气田为例.石油勘探与开发,38(3):282-285.
何登发,周新源,杨海军,雷刚林,马玉杰.2009.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):19-32.
胡秋媛,李理.2015.鲁西地区晚中生代?古近纪伸展构造的应力场数值模拟.石油实验地质,37(2):259-263.
鞠玮,侯贵廷,黄少英,任康绪.2013.库车坳陷依南-吐孜地区下侏罗统阿合组砂岩构造裂缝分布预测.大地构造与成矿学,37(4):592-602.
赖锦,王贵文,柴毓,冉冶,郑新华,信毅,周磊,吴庆宽.2015.库车坳陷白垩系巴什基奇克组成岩层序地层特征.沉积学报,33(2):394-398.
雷刚林,谢会文,张敬洲,王月然,黄少英,叶茂林,张国伟.2007.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探.石油与天然气地质,28(6):816-820.
李勇明,刘鹏,赵金洲,罗攀.2014.基于有限元裂缝网络的压裂液滤失模拟.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),36(9):132-136.
刘爱华,杨清,吴均平.2013.ANSYS三维地应力场数值模拟方法应用研究.地质力学学报,19(2):133-140.
刘芬,朱筱敏,潘荣,李洋,薛梦戈,邸宏利.2014.低渗透储层形成及库车坳陷实例分析.岩性油气藏,26(3):28-31.
漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,谷永兴.2009.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):49-55.
钱玲,余和中,丁成豪,韩守华,李新生,吴建国,席勤.2011.塔里木盆地褶皱中和面与油气勘探成藏关系初探.海相油气地质,16(4):62-65.
孙尚如.2003.预测储层裂缝的两种曲率方法应用.地质科技情报,22(4):71-74.
王成龙,夏宏泉,刘国良.2013.SK高陡构造地层地应力的测井解释及应用研究.国外测井技术,(6):35-49.
王道轩.1985.纵弯褶皱作用下岩层内中和面迁移问题的探讨.合肥工业大学学报,7(4):148-150.
王珂,戴俊生,商琳,李季.2014.曲率法在库车坳陷克深气田储层裂缝预测中的应用.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),29(10):34-38.
王珂,张惠良,张荣虎,戴俊生,王俊鹏,赵力彬.2015.塔里木盆地克深2气田储层构造裂缝多方法综合评价.天然气地球科学,36(6):673-678.
王有功,汪芯.2012.曲率法在尚家油田扶杨油层储层裂缝预测中的应用.科学技术与工程,12(17):4274-4277.
王招明.2013.试论库车前陆冲断带构造顶蓬效应.天然气地球科学,24(4):671-677.
谢会文,尹宏伟,唐雁刚,汪伟,魏红兴,吴珍云,李伟.2015.基于面积深度法对克拉苏构造带中部盐下构造的研究.大地构造与成矿学,39(6):1033-1040.
余和中,韩守华,赵庆军,朱德丰.2008.向斜下中和面构造油气藏--中国南方海相中-古生界油气勘探新方向.海相油气地质,13(4):49-51.
曾联波,周天伟.2004.塔里木盆地库车坳陷储层裂缝分布规律.天然气工业,24(9):23-25.
张惠良,张荣虎,杨海军,寿建峰,王俊鹏,刘春,陈戈.2014.超深层裂缝?孔隙型致密砂岩储集层表征与评价--以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例.石油勘探与开发,41(2):158-167.
张荣虎,杨海军,王俊鹏,寿建峰,曾庆鲁,刘群.2014.库车坳陷超深层低孔致密砂岩储层形成机制与油气勘探意义.石油学报,35(6):1058-1062.
赵军,彭文,李进福,王贵文,李军.2005.前陆冲断带地应力响应特征及其对油气分布的影响.地球科学,30(4):467-471.
赵力彬,石石,肖香姣,王海应,张杰.2012.库车坳陷克深2气藏裂缝-孔隙型砂岩储层地质建模方法.天然气工业,32(10):10-13.
赵争光,杨瑞召,张凯淞,尚优优,龙隆,孙玉凤.2014.基于最大主曲率的煤储层渗透性预测方法.煤田地质与勘探,42(2):39-43.
周伟新,杨主恩,孙君秀,赵瑞斌.2003.1906年玛纳斯7.7级地震孕震过程的数值模拟研究.地震地质,25(4):609-614.
Dean S L,Morgan J K and Fournier T.2013.Geometries of frontal fold and thrust belts:Insights from discrete element simulations Original Research Article.Journal of Structural Geology,53:43-53.
Frehner M.2011.The neutral lines in buckle folds.Journal of Structural Geology,33:1501-1508.
Yin H,Zhang J,Meng L,Liu Y and Xu S.2009.Discrete element modeling of the faulting in the sedimentary cover above an active salt diaper.Journal of Structural Geology,31(9):989-995.
Zhang J,Morgan J K,Gray G G,Harkins N W,Sanz P F and Chikichev I.2013.Comparative FEM and DEM modeling of basement-involved thrust structures,with application to Sheep Mountain,Greybull area,Wyoming.Tectonophysics,608:408-417.
戴黎明,李三忠,刘泽,胡梦颖,刘连启,杨彦峰.2016.车镇凹陷大1断层对区域油气成藏控制作用的三维数值模拟.大地构造与成矿学,40(1):47-57.
冯吉利,钟铁毅,温科伟.1999.非局部模型与变形局部化数值模拟.固体力学学报,20(1):16-22.
顾宏星,傅雪海,季明,陈莉.2011.褶皱中和面位置确定及其在六盘水涝河向斜中的应用.煤田地质与勘探,39(5):11-14.
韩登林,李忠,寿建峰.2011.背斜构造不同部位储集层物性差异--以库车坳陷克拉2气田为例.石油勘探与开发,38(3):282-285.
何登发,周新源,杨海军,雷刚林,马玉杰.2009.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):19-32.
胡秋媛,李理.2015.鲁西地区晚中生代?古近纪伸展构造的应力场数值模拟.石油实验地质,37(2):259-263.
鞠玮,侯贵廷,黄少英,任康绪.2013.库车坳陷依南-吐孜地区下侏罗统阿合组砂岩构造裂缝分布预测.大地构造与成矿学,37(4):592-602.
赖锦,王贵文,柴毓,冉冶,郑新华,信毅,周磊,吴庆宽.2015.库车坳陷白垩系巴什基奇克组成岩层序地层特征.沉积学报,33(2):394-398.
雷刚林,谢会文,张敬洲,王月然,黄少英,叶茂林,张国伟.2007.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探.石油与天然气地质,28(6):816-820.
李勇明,刘鹏,赵金洲,罗攀.2014.基于有限元裂缝网络的压裂液滤失模拟.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),36(9):132-136.
刘爱华,杨清,吴均平.2013.ANSYS三维地应力场数值模拟方法应用研究.地质力学学报,19(2):133-140.
刘芬,朱筱敏,潘荣,李洋,薛梦戈,邸宏利.2014.低渗透储层形成及库车坳陷实例分析.岩性油气藏,26(3):28-31.
漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,谷永兴.2009.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):49-55.
钱玲,余和中,丁成豪,韩守华,李新生,吴建国,席勤.2011.塔里木盆地褶皱中和面与油气勘探成藏关系初探.海相油气地质,16(4):62-65.
孙尚如.2003.预测储层裂缝的两种曲率方法应用.地质科技情报,22(4):71-74.
王成龙,夏宏泉,刘国良.2013.SK高陡构造地层地应力的测井解释及应用研究.国外测井技术,(6):35-49.
王道轩.1985.纵弯褶皱作用下岩层内中和面迁移问题的探讨.合肥工业大学学报,7(4):148-150.
王珂,戴俊生,商琳,李季.2014.曲率法在库车坳陷克深气田储层裂缝预测中的应用.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),29(10):34-38.
王珂,张惠良,张荣虎,戴俊生,王俊鹏,赵力彬.2015.塔里木盆地克深2气田储层构造裂缝多方法综合评价.天然气地球科学,36(6):673-678.
王有功,汪芯.2012.曲率法在尚家油田扶杨油层储层裂缝预测中的应用.科学技术与工程,12(17):4274-4277.
王招明.2013.试论库车前陆冲断带构造顶蓬效应.天然气地球科学,24(4):671-677.
谢会文,尹宏伟,唐雁刚,汪伟,魏红兴,吴珍云,李伟.2015.基于面积深度法对克拉苏构造带中部盐下构造的研究.大地构造与成矿学,39(6):1033-1040.
余和中,韩守华,赵庆军,朱德丰.2008.向斜下中和面构造油气藏--中国南方海相中-古生界油气勘探新方向.海相油气地质,13(4):49-51.
曾联波,周天伟.2004.塔里木盆地库车坳陷储层裂缝分布规律.天然气工业,24(9):23-25.
张惠良,张荣虎,杨海军,寿建峰,王俊鹏,刘春,陈戈.2014.超深层裂缝?孔隙型致密砂岩储集层表征与评价--以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例.石油勘探与开发,41(2):158-167.
张荣虎,杨海军,王俊鹏,寿建峰,曾庆鲁,刘群.2014.库车坳陷超深层低孔致密砂岩储层形成机制与油气勘探意义.石油学报,35(6):1058-1062.
赵军,彭文,李进福,王贵文,李军.2005.前陆冲断带地应力响应特征及其对油气分布的影响.地球科学,30(4):467-471.
赵力彬,石石,肖香姣,王海应,张杰.2012.库车坳陷克深2气藏裂缝-孔隙型砂岩储层地质建模方法.天然气工业,32(10):10-13.
赵争光,杨瑞召,张凯淞,尚优优,龙隆,孙玉凤.2014.基于最大主曲率的煤储层渗透性预测方法.煤田地质与勘探,42(2):39-43.
周伟新,杨主恩,孙君秀,赵瑞斌.2003.1906年玛纳斯7.7级地震孕震过程的数值模拟研究.地震地质,25(4):609-614.
Dean S L,Morgan J K and Fournier T.2013.Geometries of frontal fold and thrust belts:Insights from discrete element simulations Original Research Article.Journal of Structural Geology,53:43-53.
Frehner M.2011.The neutral lines in buckle folds.Journal of Structural Geology,33:1501-1508.
Yin H,Zhang J,Meng L,Liu Y and Xu S.2009.Discrete element modeling of the faulting in the sedimentary cover above an active salt diaper.Journal of Structural Geology,31(9):989-995.
Zhang J,Morgan J K,Gray G G,Harkins N W,Sanz P F and Chikichev I.2013.Comparative FEM and DEM modeling of basement-involved thrust structures,with application to Sheep Mountain,Greybull area,Wyoming.Tectonophysics,608:408-417.
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