不同坡角下月壤滑坡机理的离散元分析
|
摘要
月球表面存在不少的高陡边坡,其坡度一般都大于30°,月海区可达48.9°,月陆区甚至可达55.7°,这些高陡的边坡会严重影响未来月球资源开采等活动的安全。通过引入考虑范德华力和抗转动作用的月壤微观接触模型,采用离散单元法模拟了不同坡角下的月壤滑坡试验,对滑坡过程、滑坡机理及常见的工程灾害指标进行分析。结果表明:坡后体积一定,流滑距离会随着初始坡角的增大而增大;最终倾角几乎不受初始坡角的影响;滑坡过程中,当切坡倾角低于60°时,滑坡过程呈现流动状态,高于60°时,滑坡过程呈现类崩塌状态;滑体的最大速度随初始坡角的增大呈现抛物线式增长。
There are many high and steep slopes on the Moon,whose slope angles are usually larger than30°.The maximum slope angle may reach 48.9° on the lunar mare and 55.7° on the lunar highland.These steep slopes will seriously affect the safety of the future lunar exploitation,such as the in situ resource utilization.By implanting a new microscopic model considering rolling resistance and van der Waals forces,two-dimensional simulations of lunar soil landslide tests were carried out at different initial slope angles using discrete elemt method.The effects of the initial slope angle on landslide mechanism and engineering disaster indexes were analyzed.The results show that with a certain rear slope volume,the maximum flow distance increases with the increase of the initial cut slope angle while the final stable slope angle seems unaffected by the initial cut slope angle.During the landslide process,the slope with slope angle lower than 60° mainly fails in a flow mode while the slope fails in a collapse mode when the slope angle is larger than 60°.In addition,the maximum slide speed increases in a parabolic ways with the increase of initial slope angle.
There are many high and steep slopes on the Moon,whose slope angles are usually larger than30°.The maximum slope angle may reach 48.9° on the lunar mare and 55.7° on the lunar highland.These steep slopes will seriously affect the safety of the future lunar exploitation,such as the in situ resource utilization.By implanting a new microscopic model considering rolling resistance and van der Waals forces,two-dimensional simulations of lunar soil landslide tests were carried out at different initial slope angles using discrete elemt method.The effects of the initial slope angle on landslide mechanism and engineering disaster indexes were analyzed.The results show that with a certain rear slope volume,the maximum flow distance increases with the increase of the initial cut slope angle while the final stable slope angle seems unaffected by the initial cut slope angle.During the landslide process,the slope with slope angle lower than 60° mainly fails in a flow mode while the slope fails in a collapse mode when the slope angle is larger than 60°.In addition,the maximum slide speed increases in a parabolic ways with the increase of initial slope angle.
引文
[1]欧阳自远.月球科学概论[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2005.
[2]欧阳自远.我国月球探测的总体科学目标与发展战略[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):351-358.
[3]周增坡,程维明,万丛,等.月球正面撞击坑的空间分布特征分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2012,14(5):618-626.
[4]乔乐,刘小倩,赵健楠,等.月球雨海地区三个着陆点的地质特征对比研究[J].中国科学(物理学力学天文学),2016,46(2):31-45.
[5]NAKASHIMA H,SHIOJI Y,KOBAYASHI T,et al.Determining the angle of repose of sand under low-gravity conditions using discrete element method[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2011,48(1):17-26.
[6]HORGAN B H N,BELL J F.Seasonally active slipface avalanches in the north polar sand sea of Mars:Evidence for a wind-related origin[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2015,39(9):9201-9207.
[7]CHANG C S,HICHER P Y.A constitutive model for granular materials with surface energy forces[J].Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2014,22(1):43-52.
[8]PERKO H A,NELSON J D,SADEH W Z.Surface cleanliness effect on lunar soil shear strength[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(4):371-383.
[9]ZHENG Hu,HUANG Yu.Model tests on flow slide of lunar regolith simulant[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,73(8):1-7.
[10]BUI H H,KOBAYASHI T,FUKAGAWA R,et al.Numerical and experimental studies of gravity effect on the mechanism of lunar excavations[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2009,46(3):115-124.
[11]郑敏,蒋明镜,申志福.简化接触模型的月壤离散元数值分析[J].岩土力学,2011,31(S1):766-771.
[12]JIANG Mingjing,SHEN Zhifu,THORNTON C.Microscopic contact model of lunar regolith for high efficiency discrete element analyses[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2013,54(10):104-116.
[13]MITCHELL J K,BROMWELL L G,DAVID C W,et al.Soil mechanical properties at the Apollo 14 site[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1972,77(29):5641-5664.
[14]JIANG Mingjing,KONRAD J M,LEROUEIL S.An efficient technique for generating homogeneous specimens for DEM studies[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30(7):579-597.
[15]SCHEIDEGGER A E.On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides[J].Rock Mechanics,1973,5(4):231-236.
[16]蒋明镜,奚邦禄,申志福,等.不同重力下月壤水平推剪阻力离散元数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(7):1300-1306.
[17]LAOUAFA F,DARVE F.Modelling of slope failure by a material instability mechanism[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2002,29(4):301-325.
[18]International Union of Geological Sciences Working Group on Landslides.A suggested method for describing the rate of movement of a landslide[J].Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology,1995,52(1):75-78.
[19]许强,曾裕平,钱江澎,等.一种改进的切线角及对应的滑坡预警判据[J].地质通报,2009,28(4):501-505.
[20]许强,汤明高,徐开祥,等.滑坡时空演化规律及预警预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1104-1112.
[2]欧阳自远.我国月球探测的总体科学目标与发展战略[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):351-358.
[3]周增坡,程维明,万丛,等.月球正面撞击坑的空间分布特征分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2012,14(5):618-626.
[4]乔乐,刘小倩,赵健楠,等.月球雨海地区三个着陆点的地质特征对比研究[J].中国科学(物理学力学天文学),2016,46(2):31-45.
[5]NAKASHIMA H,SHIOJI Y,KOBAYASHI T,et al.Determining the angle of repose of sand under low-gravity conditions using discrete element method[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2011,48(1):17-26.
[6]HORGAN B H N,BELL J F.Seasonally active slipface avalanches in the north polar sand sea of Mars:Evidence for a wind-related origin[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2015,39(9):9201-9207.
[7]CHANG C S,HICHER P Y.A constitutive model for granular materials with surface energy forces[J].Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2014,22(1):43-52.
[8]PERKO H A,NELSON J D,SADEH W Z.Surface cleanliness effect on lunar soil shear strength[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2001,127(4):371-383.
[9]ZHENG Hu,HUANG Yu.Model tests on flow slide of lunar regolith simulant[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,73(8):1-7.
[10]BUI H H,KOBAYASHI T,FUKAGAWA R,et al.Numerical and experimental studies of gravity effect on the mechanism of lunar excavations[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2009,46(3):115-124.
[11]郑敏,蒋明镜,申志福.简化接触模型的月壤离散元数值分析[J].岩土力学,2011,31(S1):766-771.
[12]JIANG Mingjing,SHEN Zhifu,THORNTON C.Microscopic contact model of lunar regolith for high efficiency discrete element analyses[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2013,54(10):104-116.
[13]MITCHELL J K,BROMWELL L G,DAVID C W,et al.Soil mechanical properties at the Apollo 14 site[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1972,77(29):5641-5664.
[14]JIANG Mingjing,KONRAD J M,LEROUEIL S.An efficient technique for generating homogeneous specimens for DEM studies[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30(7):579-597.
[15]SCHEIDEGGER A E.On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides[J].Rock Mechanics,1973,5(4):231-236.
[16]蒋明镜,奚邦禄,申志福,等.不同重力下月壤水平推剪阻力离散元数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(7):1300-1306.
[17]LAOUAFA F,DARVE F.Modelling of slope failure by a material instability mechanism[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2002,29(4):301-325.
[18]International Union of Geological Sciences Working Group on Landslides.A suggested method for describing the rate of movement of a landslide[J].Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology,1995,52(1):75-78.
[19]许强,曾裕平,钱江澎,等.一种改进的切线角及对应的滑坡预警判据[J].地质通报,2009,28(4):501-505.
[20]许强,汤明高,徐开祥,等.滑坡时空演化规律及预警预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1104-1112.