早始新世极热气候时期咸化湖盆混合沉积作用——以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷孔店组为例
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摘要
混合沉积作用是一种特殊的沉积现象,一直是沉积学领域关注的对象。文章利用钻井岩心、薄片、同位素和元素分析等资料,对早始新世极热气候(IETM)时期东营咸化湖盆混合沉积进行系统研究。结果表明,渤海湾盆地东营凹陷孔店组混合沉积现象包括混积层系和结构混合沉积两种类型。混积层系主要包括陆源碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩的互层沉积和陆源碎屑岩与硫酸盐岩的互层沉积。结构混合沉积主要包括陆源碎屑物质与碳酸盐的结构混合和陆源碎屑物质与硫酸盐的结构混合沉积。孔店组沉积期不同阶段具有不同的混积相带特征,早期混合沉积发育在滨浅湖泥坪和滨浅湖砂坝环境中;中期受到极热气候影响,混合沉积主要发生在泥坪、砂坝和高盐度深水环境中;晚期湖盆咸化持续,混合沉积主要发生在泥坪、砂坝、高盐度深水环境和生物浅滩等环境中,混合沉积主要以相缘混合为主,发育少量间断混合和原地混合类型,受到物源供给、水化学性质、水动力和湖平面升降等制约。证实了在IETM事件的影响下,孔店组沉积期湖盆发生了强烈咸化作用,咸化过程与碎屑物质的充注同时进行,形成了典型的咸化湖盆混合沉积,混合沉积物埋藏过程中的碳酸盐组分、硫酸盐组分溶蚀,以及裂缝作用均可以形成油气储层,混合沉积中的原始化学组分可以很好地恢复古湖泊环境。
Mixed sedimentation,a special sedimentary phenomenon,has always been a hot topic in sedimentology domain.This article documents a systematic study on the mixed sedimentation in saline lacustrine basins during the initial Eocene thermal maximum( IETM) period and the formation of Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin based on analyses of core,thin section,isotopic and element data. The results reveal that there are two kinds of mixed sedimentation in the Kongdian Formation of Dongying Sag: mixed sedimentary sequences and structure-mixed deposits. The former mainly includes deposits of continental siliciclatic rocks interbedded with carbonates and that interbedded with sulfates. The latter mainly include deposits of structurally mixed continental siliciclastic with carbonates and that with sulfates. Various mixed siliciclastic-carbonate facies zones are identified in different stages of the deposition of the Kongdianzu Formation. Mixed sedimentation in the formation occurred in shore-shallow lake mud flats and sand bars during the early stage,and then in mud flats,sand bars and high-salinity deep water settings during the interim stage due to the thermal maximum. Later on,with a continuous salinization of the lake basin,sedimentation in the place went on in such settings as mud flat,sand bar,high-salinity deep water as well as bioclastic shoal and etc. It was dominated by facies-margin mixing,with accidentally discrete or autochthonous mixing. Controlling factors include sediment input,water hydrochemistry,hydrodynamic force,and fluctuation of water-level. The study confirms that,during the initial Eocene thermal maximum period,the lake basin in the area had gone through an intense salinization process,which occurred simultaneously with clastic input into the basin and formed typical mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposits in the saline lacustrine basin. Dissolution of carbonate and sulfate during burial process of the mixed sediments and fracturing contributed to the formation of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs.The original chemical constituents in the mixed deposits could be used to restore the paleo-environment of the lake.
Mixed sedimentation,a special sedimentary phenomenon,has always been a hot topic in sedimentology domain.This article documents a systematic study on the mixed sedimentation in saline lacustrine basins during the initial Eocene thermal maximum( IETM) period and the formation of Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin based on analyses of core,thin section,isotopic and element data. The results reveal that there are two kinds of mixed sedimentation in the Kongdian Formation of Dongying Sag: mixed sedimentary sequences and structure-mixed deposits. The former mainly includes deposits of continental siliciclatic rocks interbedded with carbonates and that interbedded with sulfates. The latter mainly include deposits of structurally mixed continental siliciclastic with carbonates and that with sulfates. Various mixed siliciclastic-carbonate facies zones are identified in different stages of the deposition of the Kongdianzu Formation. Mixed sedimentation in the formation occurred in shore-shallow lake mud flats and sand bars during the early stage,and then in mud flats,sand bars and high-salinity deep water settings during the interim stage due to the thermal maximum. Later on,with a continuous salinization of the lake basin,sedimentation in the place went on in such settings as mud flat,sand bar,high-salinity deep water as well as bioclastic shoal and etc. It was dominated by facies-margin mixing,with accidentally discrete or autochthonous mixing. Controlling factors include sediment input,water hydrochemistry,hydrodynamic force,and fluctuation of water-level. The study confirms that,during the initial Eocene thermal maximum period,the lake basin in the area had gone through an intense salinization process,which occurred simultaneously with clastic input into the basin and formed typical mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposits in the saline lacustrine basin. Dissolution of carbonate and sulfate during burial process of the mixed sediments and fracturing contributed to the formation of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs.The original chemical constituents in the mixed deposits could be used to restore the paleo-environment of the lake.
引文
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