海岸不同坡向滨麦光合特性与风速异质环境的关系
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摘要
在自然条件下,测定分析了夏季和秋季静风天及秋季大风天,海岸沙丘不同坡向环境因子及滨麦株高、叶片叶绿素含量、土壤含水量和光合日变化特性,以期明晰滨麦响应不同风速环境的生理调控机理。结果表明,不同坡向环境异质性明显,滨麦形态可塑性强。海岸迎风坡风大、温度低、湿度大,滨麦植株低矮、叶绿素含量较高;背风坡温度高、土壤干旱、空气流动差,滨麦植株高大,叶绿素含量低。在夏秋季静风天,迎风坡和背风坡滨麦叶片Pn出现光合"午休"现象,但迎风坡滨麦日均Gs、Tr、Pn均显著高于背风坡;而在秋季大风天,迎风坡和背风坡滨麦叶片Pn"午休"现象消失,并且背风坡滨麦日均Pn、Tr、Gs均显著高于迎风坡滨麦。同坡向相比,秋季大风天迎风坡滨麦日均Pn、Tr、Gs明显较秋季静风天低,而背风坡滨麦日均叶片Pn、Tr、Gs却较静风天分别增高126%、66.3%、134%。强海风吹袭引发迎风坡温度降低、滨麦叶片摇摆、气孔导度降低导致Pn下降,而强海风使背风坡空气流动加快、温度降低、气孔导度增大、"午休"消失使Pn增高。不同坡向滨麦对不同海风风速的适应表现出明显的光合生理可塑性,它在滨麦适应不同风力、提高其光合速率和增加物质积累上具有重要作用。而滨麦的形态和光合生理可塑性可能是其在不同海风强度下生存、生长、实现种群扩张的重要生理调控机理,这一特性在未来作物、牧草和树木抗风、抗盐育种中具有重要应用价值。
The environmental factors,growth rate,chlorophyll content,and photosynthetic parameters in Leymus mollis( Trin.) leaves were measured during the day without wind in the fall and summer,and with high winds in the fall,in the natural environment to understand the physiological adaptation mechanisms of L. mollis to different wind speeds. The results showed that high winds,lower temperatures,and higher humidity were observed on the windward slopes,where L. mollis had higher chlorophyll contents in leaves and shorter plants. However,higher temperatures,drier soils,and poor airflow were observed on the leeward slopes,where L. mollis had lower chlorophyll contents in leaves and taller plants. There was obvious environmental heterogeneity between windward and leeward slopes,and enhanced morphological plasticity. During days of no wind in the fall and summer,L mollis on both slopes showed a midday depression of photosynthesis,but L. mollis on the windward slopes had markedly higher stomatal conductance( Gs),transpiration rate( Tr),and net photosynthetic rate( Pn) than that of the leeward slopes. However,during days of high wind in the fall,L. mollis on both slopes had no midday photosynthetic depression,and L. mollis on the leeward slopes had markedly higher Gs,Tr,and Pn than that on the windward slopes. On the same slopes,during the days of high wind,L. mollis on the windward slopes had lower Pn,Tr,and Gs than that on days with no wind,but higher Pn,Tr,Gs by 126,66.3,and 134% on the leeward slopes than that on days with no wind. High winds resulted in lower temperatures,reduced stomatal aperture,and leaves on the windward side with reduced Pn. High winds resulted in increased air flow,and reduced temperatures on the leeward slopes,which increased L. mollis stomatal opening,but had no midday photosynthetic depression and higher Pn. L. mollis on both slopes showed significant photosynthetic plasticity to adapt to different wind speeds, enabling it to take advantage of the environmental resources and increase photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation for its sustained survival. Morphological and photosynthetic plasticity of L. mollis is an important physiological regulation mechanism to enhance survival,growth,and population expansion under high winds,which has an important application value for the breeding of crops,grasses,and trees with higher tolerance to wind in the future.
The environmental factors,growth rate,chlorophyll content,and photosynthetic parameters in Leymus mollis( Trin.) leaves were measured during the day without wind in the fall and summer,and with high winds in the fall,in the natural environment to understand the physiological adaptation mechanisms of L. mollis to different wind speeds. The results showed that high winds,lower temperatures,and higher humidity were observed on the windward slopes,where L. mollis had higher chlorophyll contents in leaves and shorter plants. However,higher temperatures,drier soils,and poor airflow were observed on the leeward slopes,where L. mollis had lower chlorophyll contents in leaves and taller plants. There was obvious environmental heterogeneity between windward and leeward slopes,and enhanced morphological plasticity. During days of no wind in the fall and summer,L mollis on both slopes showed a midday depression of photosynthesis,but L. mollis on the windward slopes had markedly higher stomatal conductance( Gs),transpiration rate( Tr),and net photosynthetic rate( Pn) than that of the leeward slopes. However,during days of high wind in the fall,L. mollis on both slopes had no midday photosynthetic depression,and L. mollis on the leeward slopes had markedly higher Gs,Tr,and Pn than that on the windward slopes. On the same slopes,during the days of high wind,L. mollis on the windward slopes had lower Pn,Tr,and Gs than that on days with no wind,but higher Pn,Tr,Gs by 126,66.3,and 134% on the leeward slopes than that on days with no wind. High winds resulted in lower temperatures,reduced stomatal aperture,and leaves on the windward side with reduced Pn. High winds resulted in increased air flow,and reduced temperatures on the leeward slopes,which increased L. mollis stomatal opening,but had no midday photosynthetic depression and higher Pn. L. mollis on both slopes showed significant photosynthetic plasticity to adapt to different wind speeds, enabling it to take advantage of the environmental resources and increase photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation for its sustained survival. Morphological and photosynthetic plasticity of L. mollis is an important physiological regulation mechanism to enhance survival,growth,and population expansion under high winds,which has an important application value for the breeding of crops,grasses,and trees with higher tolerance to wind in the future.
引文
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[7]韩玲,张成章,徐婷,段贝贝,郑慧玲,冯威.祁连山北坡霸王花大小-数量权衡关系的坡向差异.生态学杂志,2016,35(6):1497-1503.
[8]邓荣华,高瑞如,刘后鑫,刘亚锦,朱广龙,魏学智.自然干旱梯度下的酸枣表型变异.生态学报,2016,36(10):2954-2961.
[9]朱广龙,邓荣华,魏学智.酸枣根系空间分布特征对自然干旱梯度生境的适应.生态学报,2016,36(6):1539-1546.
[10]谢妍洁,朱玉怀,张大才,李双智.2种嵩草属植物形态特征对生境干旱化的响应.西北植物学报,2016,36(4):796-803.
[11]樊星,蔡捡,刘金平,李莹,张小晶,曾晓琳.局部遮光对鹅绒委陵菜基株形态塑性及生物量配置的影响.草业学报,2016,25(3):172-180.
[12]郝晨淞,王庆凯,孙小玲.异质性光对野牛草叶片解剖结构的影响.植物生态学报,2016,40(3):246-254.
[13]Yuan C M,Wu T,Geng Y F,Chai Y,Hao J B.Phenotypic plasticity of lianas in response to altered light environment.Ecological Research,2016,31(3):375-384.
[14]南江,赵晓英,余保峰.模拟长期大风对木本猪毛菜表观特征的影响.生态学报,2012,32(20):6354-6360.
[15]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,曲浩,云建英.玉米幼苗对风速变化的逆境生理响应.干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(6):242-246.
[16]Spencer W E,Teeri J,Wetzel R G.Acclimation of photosynthetic phenotype to environmental heterogeneity.Ecology,1994,75(2):301-304.
[17]程建峰,沈允钢.试析光合作用的研究动向.植物学报,2011,46(6):694-704.
[18]邵怡若,许建新,薛立,张柔,吴彩琼,卢广超.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响.生态学报,2013,33(14):4237-4247.
[19]武辉,戴海芳,张巨松,焦晓玲,刘翠,石俊毅,范志超,阿丽艳·肉孜.棉花幼苗叶片光合特性对低温胁迫及恢复处理的响应.植物生态学报,2014,38(10):1124-1134.
[20]郑云普,党承华,郝立华,程东娟,徐明.华北平原玉米叶片光合及呼吸过程对实验增温的适应性.生态学报,2016,36(16):5236-5246.
[21]严彦,秦金舟,苏文会,苏浩然.设施内外人面竹夏季光合作用日变化及影响因子研究.安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(3):378-382.
[22]苏培玺,严巧娣.C4荒漠植物梭梭和沙拐枣在不同水分条件下的光合作用特征.生态学报,2006,26(1):75-82.
[23]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,云建英,冯静,苏娜.不同强度净风频繁吹袭对樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)幼苗光合蒸腾特征的影响.生态学报,2017,37(5):1431-1437.
[24]毛新安,赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,云建英,曲浩,潘成臣.樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)幼苗对持续风吹的光合生理响应.中国沙漠,2016,36(1):64-70.
[25]Pieruschka R,Albrecht H,Muller O,Berry J A,Klimov D,Kolber Z S,Malenovsky'Z,Rascher U.Daily and seasonal dynamics of remotely sensed photosynthetic efficiency in tree canopies.Tree Physiology,2014,34(7):674-685.
[26]GagnéJ M,Houle G.Factors responsible for Honckenya peploides(Caryophyllaceae)and Leymus mollis(Poaceae)spatial segregation on subarctic coastal dunes.American Journal of Botany,2002,89(3):479-485.
[27]Maun M A.Adaptations enhancing survival and establishment of seedlings on coastal dune systems.Vegetatio,1994,111(1):59-70.
[28]南江,赵晓英,原慧,张琳琳.霸王和木本猪毛菜在遮风和不遮风环境下的表型特征差异.生态学报,2014,34(20):5758-5765.
[29]张婷凤,周瑞莲,张钥,王艳芳,贾有余.冬春季海岸滨麦碳水化合物变化差异性与其环境异质性的关系.生态学报,2016,36(16):5182-5192.
[30]周佩珍.光合作用中光能被植物色素吸收及光化学反应的机制.生物学通报,1962,(4):14-18.
[31]孙存普,张建中,段绍谨.自由基生物学导论.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1999:48-50.
[32]王日明,熊光耀.高温胁迫对黑麦草生长及生理代谢的影响.草业学报,2016,25(8):81-90.
[33]张仁和,马国胜,柴海,张兴华,路海东,薛吉全.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶绿素荧光参数的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):170-176.
[34]邱晓暖,范绍佳.海陆风研究进展与我国沿海三地海陆风主要特征.气象,2013,39(2):186-193.
[35]于云江,史培军,鲁春霞,刘家琼.不同风沙条件对几种植物生态生理特征的影响.植物生态学报,2003,27(1):53-58.
[36]高冠龙,张小由,常宗强,鱼腾飞,赵虹.植物气孔导度的环境响应模拟及其尺度扩展.生态学报,2016,36(6):1491-1500.
[37]杨淇越,赵文智.梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)叶片气孔导度与气体交换对典型降水事件的响应.中国沙漠,2014,34(2):419-425.
[38]靳甜甜,傅伯杰,刘国华,胡婵娟,苏常红,刘宇.不同坡位沙棘光合日变化及其主要环境因子.生态学报,2011,31(7):1783-1793.
[2]Poor A,Hershock C,Rosella K,Goldberg D E.Do physiological integration and soil heterogeneity influence the clonal growth and foraging of Schoenoplectus pungens?Plant Ecology,2005,181(1):45-56.
[3]Palmer T M.Spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition and coexistence in an African acacia ant guild.Ecology,2003,84(11):2843-2855.
[4]Sultan S E.Phenotypic plasticity for plant development,function and life history.Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(12):537-542.
[5]Gratani L.Plant phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental factors.Advances in Botany,2014,2014:208747.
[6]Moroney J R,Rundel P W,Sork V L.Phenotypic plasticity and differentiation in fitness-related traits in invasive populations of the Mediterranean forb Centaurea melitensis(Asteraceae).American Journal of Botany,2013,100(10):2040-2051.
[7]韩玲,张成章,徐婷,段贝贝,郑慧玲,冯威.祁连山北坡霸王花大小-数量权衡关系的坡向差异.生态学杂志,2016,35(6):1497-1503.
[8]邓荣华,高瑞如,刘后鑫,刘亚锦,朱广龙,魏学智.自然干旱梯度下的酸枣表型变异.生态学报,2016,36(10):2954-2961.
[9]朱广龙,邓荣华,魏学智.酸枣根系空间分布特征对自然干旱梯度生境的适应.生态学报,2016,36(6):1539-1546.
[10]谢妍洁,朱玉怀,张大才,李双智.2种嵩草属植物形态特征对生境干旱化的响应.西北植物学报,2016,36(4):796-803.
[11]樊星,蔡捡,刘金平,李莹,张小晶,曾晓琳.局部遮光对鹅绒委陵菜基株形态塑性及生物量配置的影响.草业学报,2016,25(3):172-180.
[12]郝晨淞,王庆凯,孙小玲.异质性光对野牛草叶片解剖结构的影响.植物生态学报,2016,40(3):246-254.
[13]Yuan C M,Wu T,Geng Y F,Chai Y,Hao J B.Phenotypic plasticity of lianas in response to altered light environment.Ecological Research,2016,31(3):375-384.
[14]南江,赵晓英,余保峰.模拟长期大风对木本猪毛菜表观特征的影响.生态学报,2012,32(20):6354-6360.
[15]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,曲浩,云建英.玉米幼苗对风速变化的逆境生理响应.干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(6):242-246.
[16]Spencer W E,Teeri J,Wetzel R G.Acclimation of photosynthetic phenotype to environmental heterogeneity.Ecology,1994,75(2):301-304.
[17]程建峰,沈允钢.试析光合作用的研究动向.植物学报,2011,46(6):694-704.
[18]邵怡若,许建新,薛立,张柔,吴彩琼,卢广超.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响.生态学报,2013,33(14):4237-4247.
[19]武辉,戴海芳,张巨松,焦晓玲,刘翠,石俊毅,范志超,阿丽艳·肉孜.棉花幼苗叶片光合特性对低温胁迫及恢复处理的响应.植物生态学报,2014,38(10):1124-1134.
[20]郑云普,党承华,郝立华,程东娟,徐明.华北平原玉米叶片光合及呼吸过程对实验增温的适应性.生态学报,2016,36(16):5236-5246.
[21]严彦,秦金舟,苏文会,苏浩然.设施内外人面竹夏季光合作用日变化及影响因子研究.安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(3):378-382.
[22]苏培玺,严巧娣.C4荒漠植物梭梭和沙拐枣在不同水分条件下的光合作用特征.生态学报,2006,26(1):75-82.
[23]赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,云建英,冯静,苏娜.不同强度净风频繁吹袭对樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)幼苗光合蒸腾特征的影响.生态学报,2017,37(5):1431-1437.
[24]毛新安,赵哈林,李瑾,周瑞莲,云建英,曲浩,潘成臣.樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)幼苗对持续风吹的光合生理响应.中国沙漠,2016,36(1):64-70.
[25]Pieruschka R,Albrecht H,Muller O,Berry J A,Klimov D,Kolber Z S,Malenovsky'Z,Rascher U.Daily and seasonal dynamics of remotely sensed photosynthetic efficiency in tree canopies.Tree Physiology,2014,34(7):674-685.
[26]GagnéJ M,Houle G.Factors responsible for Honckenya peploides(Caryophyllaceae)and Leymus mollis(Poaceae)spatial segregation on subarctic coastal dunes.American Journal of Botany,2002,89(3):479-485.
[27]Maun M A.Adaptations enhancing survival and establishment of seedlings on coastal dune systems.Vegetatio,1994,111(1):59-70.
[28]南江,赵晓英,原慧,张琳琳.霸王和木本猪毛菜在遮风和不遮风环境下的表型特征差异.生态学报,2014,34(20):5758-5765.
[29]张婷凤,周瑞莲,张钥,王艳芳,贾有余.冬春季海岸滨麦碳水化合物变化差异性与其环境异质性的关系.生态学报,2016,36(16):5182-5192.
[30]周佩珍.光合作用中光能被植物色素吸收及光化学反应的机制.生物学通报,1962,(4):14-18.
[31]孙存普,张建中,段绍谨.自由基生物学导论.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1999:48-50.
[32]王日明,熊光耀.高温胁迫对黑麦草生长及生理代谢的影响.草业学报,2016,25(8):81-90.
[33]张仁和,马国胜,柴海,张兴华,路海东,薛吉全.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶绿素荧光参数的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):170-176.
[34]邱晓暖,范绍佳.海陆风研究进展与我国沿海三地海陆风主要特征.气象,2013,39(2):186-193.
[35]于云江,史培军,鲁春霞,刘家琼.不同风沙条件对几种植物生态生理特征的影响.植物生态学报,2003,27(1):53-58.
[36]高冠龙,张小由,常宗强,鱼腾飞,赵虹.植物气孔导度的环境响应模拟及其尺度扩展.生态学报,2016,36(6):1491-1500.
[37]杨淇越,赵文智.梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)叶片气孔导度与气体交换对典型降水事件的响应.中国沙漠,2014,34(2):419-425.
[38]靳甜甜,傅伯杰,刘国华,胡婵娟,苏常红,刘宇.不同坡位沙棘光合日变化及其主要环境因子.生态学报,2011,31(7):1783-1793.
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