黄、渤海沿海大风变化特征及影响系统
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摘要
利用1981—2010年黄、渤海沿海44个气象站大风资料,根据中央气象台对近海海区的划分,分析了近30 a黄、渤海近海5海区大风的气候特征,以及通过天气分型对2008—2012年黄、渤海沿海大风的影响系统进行了统计,结果表明:近30 a黄、渤海沿海5海区日最大风速≥6级和≥8级日数呈递减趋势,1980s大风日数较多,各海区≥6级大风在1981年和1987年前后均有两个峰值。≥6级大风日数随季节变化的峰值,渤海海区出现在春季,黄海南部海区是春季、夏季8月和秋季11月,渤海海峡、黄海北部和中部海区则主要是春季和冬季。渤海海区以偏北风和南南西风为主导风向,与其他海区以北或西北风为主的特征明显不同。冷锋是黄、渤海沿海大风最主要的影响系统,其次是气旋型和高低压型大风。另外以850 h Pa温度平流的强度、冷/暖中心的强度、等温线密集带梯度、地面高/低压强度、地面大风前3 h/24 h最强变压中心强度和地面气压梯度等要素为着眼点,对不同类型的大风指标进行了分析。
By using the gale data of 44 weather stations about the coastal Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea from 1981 to 2010,and according to the definitions of the China coastal sea-areas by the National Meteorological Center,the characteristics of gale in five coastal sea-areas were analyzed. Moreover,the weather system of the coastal Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea was statistically analyzed by using the method of weather classification from 2008 to 2010. Results are as follows: the annual variation of the days of strong wind above six and eight grade over five coastal sea-areas is significantly decreasing. The stronggest wind days occurred in 1980 s',and there were two peak value in 1981 and 1987. The above six grade gale mainly occurs in spring of the Bohai Sea,and in spring and August of the south Yellow Sea and November,and occurs in spring and winter of the Bohai straits and the northern and central Yellow Sea. The north and southwest wind is the majority in the Bohai Sea,and the other coastal sea-areas are mostly north wind. The most weather system is cold front,and the next are cyclone and high-low pressure type.In addition,the gale index was statistically analyzed about different system types by the meteorological element at 850 h Pa temperature advection,the 850 h Pa central strength of temperature,the gradient of iso-therm ribbon,the strength of surface high/low pressure,the allobaric strength of surface in 3 h/24 h and the barometric gradient of surface.
By using the gale data of 44 weather stations about the coastal Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea from 1981 to 2010,and according to the definitions of the China coastal sea-areas by the National Meteorological Center,the characteristics of gale in five coastal sea-areas were analyzed. Moreover,the weather system of the coastal Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea was statistically analyzed by using the method of weather classification from 2008 to 2010. Results are as follows: the annual variation of the days of strong wind above six and eight grade over five coastal sea-areas is significantly decreasing. The stronggest wind days occurred in 1980 s',and there were two peak value in 1981 and 1987. The above six grade gale mainly occurs in spring of the Bohai Sea,and in spring and August of the south Yellow Sea and November,and occurs in spring and winter of the Bohai straits and the northern and central Yellow Sea. The north and southwest wind is the majority in the Bohai Sea,and the other coastal sea-areas are mostly north wind. The most weather system is cold front,and the next are cyclone and high-low pressure type.In addition,the gale index was statistically analyzed about different system types by the meteorological element at 850 h Pa temperature advection,the 850 h Pa central strength of temperature,the gradient of iso-therm ribbon,the strength of surface high/low pressure,the allobaric strength of surface in 3 h/24 h and the barometric gradient of surface.
引文
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[12]郭冬艳,姜涛,陈有龙,等.琼州海峡沿岸大风分布规律及影响系统分析.气象,2011,37(11):1372-1379.GUO Dongyan,YANG Tao,CHEN Youlong,et al.Analysis on distribution pattern of high wind events in Qiongzhou Strait coastal zones and its weather systems.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2011,37(11):1372-1379.
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[14]查贲,沈航峰,郭文政,等.一次爆发性气旋及其诱发的大风天气分析.高原气象,2014,33(6):1697-1704.ZHA Ben,SHEN Hangfeng,GUO Wenzheng,et al.Analysis of gale process caused by an explosive cyclone.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2014,33(6):1697-1704.
[15]黄彬,代刊,钱奇峰,等.引发黄渤海大风的黄河气旋诊断研究[J].气象,2013,39(3):302-312.HUANG Bin,DAI Kan,QIAN Qifeng,et al.Diagnosis of Yellow River cyclone induced strong winds over Yellow and Bohai Seas.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2013,39(3):302-312.
[16]王遵娅,丁一汇.近53年中国寒潮的变化特征及其可能原因.大气科学,2006,30(6):1068-1076.WANG Zunya,DING Yihui.Climate change of the cold wave frequency of China in the last 53 years and the possible reasons.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2006,30(6):1068-1076.
[17]曹钢锋,张善君,朱官忠,等.山东天气分析与预报.北京:气象出版社,1988:245-249.CAO Gangfeng,ZHANG Shanjun,ZHU Guanzhong,et al.Analysis and forecast on Shandong weather.Beijing:Meteorology Press(in Chinese),1988:245-249.
[2]赵金霞,曲平,何志强,等.渤海湾大风的特征及其预报.气象科技,2014,42(5):847-851.ZHAO Jinxia,QU Ping,HE Zhiqiang,et al.Characteristics and forecasting of strong wind gusts in Bohai Bay.Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),2014,42(5):847-851.
[3]高瑞华,王式功,张孝峰,等.渤海海峡大风的气候特征分析.海洋预报,2008,25(3):7-15.GAO Ruihua,WANG Shigong,ZHANG Xiaofeng,et al.An analysis of the climatic characteristics of the gale in Bohai Straits.Marine Forecasts(in Chinese),2008,25(3):7-15.
[4]高瑞华,申培鲁,高慧,等.渤海海峡大风日数的变化趋势分析.海洋预报,2010,27(1):39-43.GAO Ruihua,SHEN Peilu,Gao Hui,et al.An analysis of the variation trend of gale days in Bohai Strait.Marine Forecasts(in Chinese),2010,27(1):39-43.
[5]孟莹,卢娟,潘静,等.近30 a黄海北部沿海地区大风气候特征分析.辽宁气象,2005,(4):9-11.MENG Ying,LU Juan,PAN Jing,et al.Characteristics analysis on gale weather over northern Yellow sea area in recent 30 years.Liaoning Qixiang(in Chinese),2005,(4):9-11.
[6]李超,魏建苏,严文莲,等.江苏沿海大风特征及其变化分析.气象科学,2013,33(5):584-589.LI Chao,WEI Jiansu,YAN Wenlian,et al.Synoptic and climatic survey of the gale in the coast of Jiangsu province.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2013,33(5):584-589.
[7]张志华,郭伟,魏浩.黄、渤海大风频次的年际变化及其影响因子分析.海洋预报,2013,30(1):1-8.ZHANG Zhihua,GUO Wei,WEI Hao.Analysis of the interannual variability and influence factors of HWF occurrence over the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.Marine Forecasts(in Chinese),2013,30(1):1-8.
[8]徐蜜蜜,徐海明.我国近海大风分布特征及成因.热带气象学报,2010,26(6):716-723.XU Mimi,XU Haiming.The characteristic of strong wind distribution in the coastal area of China and its causes.Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),2010,26(6):716-723.
[9]王慧,隋伟辉.基于CCMP风场的中国近海18个海区海面大风季节变化特征分析.气象科技,2013,41(4):720-725.WANG Hui,SUI Weihui.Seasonal variation analysis of sea surface winds in China sea areas with CCMP wind field data.Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),2013,41(4):720-725.
[10]尹尽勇,刘涛,张增海,等.冬季黄渤海大风天气与渔船风损统计分析.气象,2009,35(6):90-95.YIN Jinyong,LIU Tao,ZHANG Zenghai,et al.Statistical analysis of the weather system types causing strong winds and fishery boat windage loss accidents in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in winter.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2009,35(6):90-95.
[11]董加斌,胡波.浙江沿海大风的天气气候概况.台湾海峡,2007,26(4):476-483.DONG Jiabin,HU Bo.Synoptic and climatic survey of the gale in the coast of Zhejiang Province.Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait(in Chinese),2007,26(4):476-483.
[12]郭冬艳,姜涛,陈有龙,等.琼州海峡沿岸大风分布规律及影响系统分析.气象,2011,37(11):1372-1379.GUO Dongyan,YANG Tao,CHEN Youlong,et al.Analysis on distribution pattern of high wind events in Qiongzhou Strait coastal zones and its weather systems.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2011,37(11):1372-1379.
[13]尹尽勇,曹越男,赵伟.2010年4月27日莱州湾大风过程诊断分析.气象,2011,37(7):897-905.YIN Jinyong,CAO Yuenan,ZHAO Wei.A diagnostic analysis of the gale process in Laizhou Gulf on April 27,2010.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2011,37(7):897-905.
[14]查贲,沈航峰,郭文政,等.一次爆发性气旋及其诱发的大风天气分析.高原气象,2014,33(6):1697-1704.ZHA Ben,SHEN Hangfeng,GUO Wenzheng,et al.Analysis of gale process caused by an explosive cyclone.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2014,33(6):1697-1704.
[15]黄彬,代刊,钱奇峰,等.引发黄渤海大风的黄河气旋诊断研究[J].气象,2013,39(3):302-312.HUANG Bin,DAI Kan,QIAN Qifeng,et al.Diagnosis of Yellow River cyclone induced strong winds over Yellow and Bohai Seas.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2013,39(3):302-312.
[16]王遵娅,丁一汇.近53年中国寒潮的变化特征及其可能原因.大气科学,2006,30(6):1068-1076.WANG Zunya,DING Yihui.Climate change of the cold wave frequency of China in the last 53 years and the possible reasons.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2006,30(6):1068-1076.
[17]曹钢锋,张善君,朱官忠,等.山东天气分析与预报.北京:气象出版社,1988:245-249.CAO Gangfeng,ZHANG Shanjun,ZHU Guanzhong,et al.Analysis and forecast on Shandong weather.Beijing:Meteorology Press(in Chinese),1988:245-249.
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