参与式灌溉管理背景下棉农水资源利用效率影响因素研究——基于新疆阿瓦提县的调研
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摘要
本研究依托新疆干旱缺水的棉花主产区阿瓦提县2008及2016两年农户调查的面板数据,首先运用随机前沿函数模型对该地区棉花生产技术效率和灌溉水资源利用效率进行测算,继而借助混合估计模型对灌溉水资源利用效率的影响因素进行剖析。研究结果表明:两年间棉农种植棉花平均技术效率为62.5%,而水资源利用效率较低,仅为32.7%。进一步的研究表明,灌溉管理制度改革所带来的节水灌溉技术并没有显著改善技术效率,但对水资源利用效率产生了正向显著影响。基于此提出政府在推广节水灌溉技术的同时,要完善基层灌溉管理模式,强化农户自愿参与村级灌溉管理日常,破解农民与政府信息脱节难题等政策建议,从而提高农业用水管理绩效。
Based on the panel data of households surveyed in 2008 and 2016,we analyzed how the participatory irrigation management reform in Awat County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region affected the cotton farmers' water use efficiency. The technical efficiency of farmers' cotton planting and the water use efficiency were analyzed by applying SFA method. Then,the we examined the factors that impacted the farm household water use efficiency. The results shown that the average technical efficiency of cotton growers in the past two years was 62.5%,while the water use efficiency was only 32. 7%. Further research shown that water-saving irrigation technology brought about by irrigation management system reform had not significantly improved the technical efficiency,but had a positive impact on water use efficiency. Therefore,more attentions should be paid to improve the basic irrigation management mode,strengthen the farmers' voluntary participation in the village water irrigation management,and improve the identity and cognitive perceptions thereby enhancing farmers' awareness of water-saving irrigation.
Based on the panel data of households surveyed in 2008 and 2016,we analyzed how the participatory irrigation management reform in Awat County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region affected the cotton farmers' water use efficiency. The technical efficiency of farmers' cotton planting and the water use efficiency were analyzed by applying SFA method. Then,the we examined the factors that impacted the farm household water use efficiency. The results shown that the average technical efficiency of cotton growers in the past two years was 62.5%,while the water use efficiency was only 32. 7%. Further research shown that water-saving irrigation technology brought about by irrigation management system reform had not significantly improved the technical efficiency,but had a positive impact on water use efficiency. Therefore,more attentions should be paid to improve the basic irrigation management mode,strengthen the farmers' voluntary participation in the village water irrigation management,and improve the identity and cognitive perceptions thereby enhancing farmers' awareness of water-saving irrigation.
引文
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[10]王洁萍,刘国勇,朱美玲.新疆农业水资源利用效率测度及其影响因素分析[J].节水灌溉,2016(1):63-67.
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[12]Senanayake N,Mukherji A,Giordano M.Re-visiting what we know about irrigation management transfer:A review of the evidence[J].Agricultural Water Management,2015,149:175-186.
[13]王格玲,陆迁.社会网络影响农户技术采用倒U型关系的检验-以甘肃省民勤县节水灌溉技术采用为例[J].农业技术经济,2015(10):92-106.
[14]Kaneko S T,Anaka K,Toyota T.Water efficiency of agricultural production in China:regional comparison from 1999 to 2002[J].International Journal of Agricultural Resources,Governance and Ecology,2004(3):231-251.
[15]Genius M,Koundouri P,Nauges C,et al.Information transmission in irrigation technology adoption and diffusion:Social learning,extension services,and spatial effects[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2014,96(1):328-344.
[16]Escott H,Beavis S,Reeves A.Incentives and constraints to indigenous engagement in water management[J].Land Use Policy,2015,49:382-393.
(1)数据来源:《新疆维吾尔自治区水资源公报》,2014。
(2)漫灌用水量对比:产出1kg玉米,灌溉耗水量为368kg;产出1kg小麦需513kg水;产出1kg棉花则需要高达648kg水。
(3)数据来源:新疆阿瓦提县农业局《阿瓦提县棉花生产情况统计》,2016。
(1)2016年我国农业灌溉水有效利用系数已达0.542(数据来源:《2016年水资源公报》)。
[2]Tang J,Folmer H,Vlist A J V D,et al.The impacts of management reform on irrigation water use efficiency in the Guanzhong plain,China?[J].Papers in Regional Science,2014,93(2):455–475.
[3]Wang J X,Huang J K,Zhang L J,et al.Water governance and water use efficiency:the five principles of WUA management and performance in China.[J].Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2010,46(4):665–685.
[4]Deng X P,Shan L,Zhang H,et al.Improving agricultural water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,79(1):23-40.
[5]Huang Q Q,Rozelle S,Howitt R,et al.Irrigation water demand and implications for water pricing policy in rural China.[J].Environment&Development Economics,2010,15(3):293-319.
[6]Dhehibi B,Lachaal L,Elloumi M,et al.Measuring irrigation water use efficiency using stochastic production frontier:an application on citrus producing farms in Tunisia.[J].African Journal of Agricultural&Resource Economics,2007,1(2):1-15.
[7]Karagiannis G,Tzouvelekas V,Xepapadeas A.Measuring irrigation waterefficiency with a stochastic production frontier[J].Environmental&Resource Economics,2003,26(1):57-72.
[8]Frija A,Chebil A,Speelman S,et al.Water use and technical efficiencies in horticultural greenhouses in Tunisia[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(11):1509-1516.
[9]Wang X Y.Irrigation water use efficiency of farmers and its determinants:Evidence from a survey in northwestern China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2010,9(9):1326-1337.
[10]王洁萍,刘国勇,朱美玲.新疆农业水资源利用效率测度及其影响因素分析[J].节水灌溉,2016(1):63-67.
[11]王学渊,赵连阁.中国农业用水效率及影响因素-基于1997-2006年省区面板数据的SFA分析[J].农业经济问题,2008,29(3):10-18.
[12]Senanayake N,Mukherji A,Giordano M.Re-visiting what we know about irrigation management transfer:A review of the evidence[J].Agricultural Water Management,2015,149:175-186.
[13]王格玲,陆迁.社会网络影响农户技术采用倒U型关系的检验-以甘肃省民勤县节水灌溉技术采用为例[J].农业技术经济,2015(10):92-106.
[14]Kaneko S T,Anaka K,Toyota T.Water efficiency of agricultural production in China:regional comparison from 1999 to 2002[J].International Journal of Agricultural Resources,Governance and Ecology,2004(3):231-251.
[15]Genius M,Koundouri P,Nauges C,et al.Information transmission in irrigation technology adoption and diffusion:Social learning,extension services,and spatial effects[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2014,96(1):328-344.
[16]Escott H,Beavis S,Reeves A.Incentives and constraints to indigenous engagement in water management[J].Land Use Policy,2015,49:382-393.
(1)数据来源:《新疆维吾尔自治区水资源公报》,2014。
(2)漫灌用水量对比:产出1kg玉米,灌溉耗水量为368kg;产出1kg小麦需513kg水;产出1kg棉花则需要高达648kg水。
(3)数据来源:新疆阿瓦提县农业局《阿瓦提县棉花生产情况统计》,2016。
(1)2016年我国农业灌溉水有效利用系数已达0.542(数据来源:《2016年水资源公报》)。