黑龙江省近12年甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因素
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摘要
利用OMI传感器数据,研究黑龙江省2005~2016年对流层甲醛柱浓度时空分布特征,并探究甲醛柱浓度的主要影响因素.结果表明:近12年甲醛柱浓度值整体呈上升趋势,平均增速为0.43×1015(molec?a)/cm2,2005~2013年逐年加剧,2013~2014年小幅回降,2014~2016年趋于平稳;四季甲醛浓度水平为:夏季>秋季>冬季>春季;月均变化趋势符合正弦曲线分布,年内甲醛柱浓度最低值一般出现在2~3月,最高值一般在6~7月;空间整体分布具有明显梯度,呈现"南高北低"状态,高值区主要分布在哈尔滨市、大庆市等南部地区,低值区分布在大兴安岭地区、黑河市等地区;空间浓度变化显著,2005~2008年全省在1~4级水平污染内,2009年起首次出现6级污染,2009~2013年6级水平污染区域扩大,2014年6级水平污染区域明显缩小,2014~2016年以4~6级水平污染为主且分布均匀;甲醛柱浓度分布对地形地貌、风向、气温、降水变化均会产生响应,能源消费、工业生产、汽车保有量、建筑装修、化肥施用等是甲醛柱浓度变化的重要影响因素.
The remote sensor data derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) were used to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of urinary formaldehyde column concentrations in Heilongjiang province from 2005 to 2016, and the main influencing factors of formaldehyde column concentration were explored. The results showed an upward trend of formaldehyde column concentration in the past 12 years as a whole, with an average growth rate of 0.43×1015(molec?a)/cm2. The frequency of formaldehyde column concentration revealed a trend of fluctuations in different years. For instance, from 2005 to 2013, the concentration saw a trend of rapid increase across the board. However, the data from 2013 to 2014 tended to more downward. The concentration from 2014 to 2016 remained to be stable. The concentration of formaldehyde decreased through the seasons with the highest in summer and the lowest in spring(levels: summer> autumn> winter> spring). The average monthly changes of formaldehyde column concentration were in accordance with the distribution of sinusoidal curve. The lowest value of formaldehyde concentration appeared in February to March, and the highest value was in June to July in general. The spatial distribution showed a clear gradient with "high in the south and low in the north" The high distribution districts were mainly gathered in the southern areas such as Harbin and Daqing, while the low-value areas were located in the Da Xing An Ling and Heihe. The spatial density of formaldehyde column concentration varied significantly. From 2005 to 2008, the pollution value was within the Grade 1-4 among Heilongjiang province. However, the pollution value jumped into the Grade 6 for the first time in 2009. Not only the pollution level increased, but also the spatial distribution. From 2009 to 2013, the areas that were labeled Grade 6 pollution expanded. While these areas saw a significant decrease in 2014, the pollution level remained between level 4 to 6 and distributed evenly from 2014 to 2016. The concentration distribution of a formaldehyde column could respond to the change of topography, wind direction, temperature, and precipitation. Energy consumption, industrial production, car ownership, building decoration, and fertilizer application were the important influencing factors for the shift in formaldehyde column.
The remote sensor data derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) were used to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of urinary formaldehyde column concentrations in Heilongjiang province from 2005 to 2016, and the main influencing factors of formaldehyde column concentration were explored. The results showed an upward trend of formaldehyde column concentration in the past 12 years as a whole, with an average growth rate of 0.43×1015(molec?a)/cm2. The frequency of formaldehyde column concentration revealed a trend of fluctuations in different years. For instance, from 2005 to 2013, the concentration saw a trend of rapid increase across the board. However, the data from 2013 to 2014 tended to more downward. The concentration from 2014 to 2016 remained to be stable. The concentration of formaldehyde decreased through the seasons with the highest in summer and the lowest in spring(levels: summer> autumn> winter> spring). The average monthly changes of formaldehyde column concentration were in accordance with the distribution of sinusoidal curve. The lowest value of formaldehyde concentration appeared in February to March, and the highest value was in June to July in general. The spatial distribution showed a clear gradient with "high in the south and low in the north" The high distribution districts were mainly gathered in the southern areas such as Harbin and Daqing, while the low-value areas were located in the Da Xing An Ling and Heihe. The spatial density of formaldehyde column concentration varied significantly. From 2005 to 2008, the pollution value was within the Grade 1-4 among Heilongjiang province. However, the pollution value jumped into the Grade 6 for the first time in 2009. Not only the pollution level increased, but also the spatial distribution. From 2009 to 2013, the areas that were labeled Grade 6 pollution expanded. While these areas saw a significant decrease in 2014, the pollution level remained between level 4 to 6 and distributed evenly from 2014 to 2016. The concentration distribution of a formaldehyde column could respond to the change of topography, wind direction, temperature, and precipitation. Energy consumption, industrial production, car ownership, building decoration, and fertilizer application were the important influencing factors for the shift in formaldehyde column.
引文
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[23]Millet D B,Jacob D J,Boersma K F,et al.2008.Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,113(D2):194-204.
[24]胡秀芳,谢梦梦,邵雪莲.微生物对甲醛的净化效应与作用机制[J].生物资源,2017,39(4):256-263.
[25]Qu X,Chen Q,Zhong Y,et al.Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Control Technology Development Research[J].Environmental Science&Management,2017.
[26]王永亮.黑龙江省风能资源评估[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2006.
[27]陈月霞,曹琳,杨淑萍.气温对大气主要污染物的影响[J].现代农业科技,2011,(10):277-278.
[28]杨叶,李立清,马卫武,等.相对湿度、温度对胶合板甲醛释放的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):390-397.
[29]王少丽,王会祥,刘斌.北京市大气甲醛浓度研究[J].环境科学研究,2008,(3):27-30.
[30]拜冰阳,乔琦,李俊华,等.甲醛催化氧化催化剂的研究进展(英文)[J].催化学报,2016,37(1):102-122.
[31]李晓梅.生物-化学法净化甲醛废气应用基础研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2014.
[32]石碧清,刘湘,闾振华.室内甲醛污染现状及其防治对策[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(6):55-124.
[33]Siegfried G,Palmer P I,Barkley M P,et al.Biomass burning emission estimates inferred from satellite column measurements of HCHO:Sensitivity to co-emitted aerosol and injection height[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2011,38(14):L14807.
[34]喻元秀,任景明,刘磊,等.我国化肥污染的演变趋势及防治对策[C]//2009中国可持续发展论坛暨中国可持续发展研究会学术年会论文集(上册).2009.
[35]王红茹.化肥污染与防治[J].内蒙古环境科学,2009,21(2):15-17
[2]Wang Y,Song J,Tang A.Experimental Study on Pollutant Dispersion of Residential Kitchen[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University,2010,26(6):1177-1181.
[3]叶新.吸入甲醛致BALB/c小鼠的骨髓损伤及其它器官的毒性作用[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.
[4]彭伟,王瑛,高先池,等.华北农村夏季大气甲醛浓度变化特征[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(8):1119-1127.
[5]李路遥.黑龙江省大气主要污染物排放变化特征及其影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2016.
[6]Vinogradova A A,Maksimenkov L O,Pogarskii F A.Changes in the atmospheric circulation and environmental pollution in Siberia from the industrial regions of Norilsk and the Urals in the early 21st century[J].Atmospheric&Oceanic Optics,2009,22(4):396-404.
[7]Li C,Zhang Q,Krotkov N A,et al.Recent large reduction in sulfur dioxide emissions from Chinese power plants observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37(8):292-305.
[8]王琨,李玉华,赵庆良,等.室内空气中的甲醛检测分析及其预测模型[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(6):658-661.
[9]张玉洁,庞小兵,牟玉静.北京市植物排放的异戊二烯对大气中甲醛的贡献[J].环境科学,2009,30:976-981.
[10]谢顺涛,巨天珍,张惠娥.基于OMI数据的兰州地区对流层甲醛时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(11):4253-4261.http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1843.X.20170526.0902.011.ht ml.DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2017.0190.
[11]Smedt I D,Stavrakou T,Müller J F,et al.H2CO columns retrieved from GOME-2:first scientific results and progress towards the development of an operational product[C]//Eumetsat Meteorological Satellite Conference,2009.
[12]张杰,李昂,谢品华,等.基于卫星数据研究兰州市NO2时空分布特征以及冬季NOx排放通量[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2291-2297.
[13]肖钟湧,江洪.亚洲地区OMI和SCIAMACHY臭氧柱总量观测结果比较[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):529-539.
[14]Li C,Zhang Q,Krotkov N A,et al.Recent large reduction in sulfur dioxide emissions from Chinese power plants observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37(8):292-305.
[15]刘洋洋,刘宏庆,王振乾,等.辽宁省近12年对流层甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(2):618-628.
[16]卢妍,徐洪文,赵光影.黑龙江省自然资源和经济增长的关系--基于能源视角下“资源诅咒”假说的实证分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,(6):38-41.
[17]蔡宇新,崔玉婕.黑龙江省能源产业的现状和存在问题的调查分析[J].商业经济,2017,(6):22-23.
[18]Qiu W,Zhao Q L,Li S,et al.[Ecological security evaluation of Heilongjiang Province with pressure-state-response model][J].Environmental Science,2008,29(4):1148-1152.
[19]何平平,邢佳,倪艳芳.黑龙江省大气污染防治思路研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(3):21-23.
[20]Smedt I D,Stavrakou T,Müller J F,et al.H2CO columns retrieved from GOME-2:first scientific results and progress towards the development of an operational product[C]//Eumetsat Meteorological Satellite Conference,2009.
[21]Kim J H,Kim S M,Baek K H,et al.2011.Evaluation of satellite-derived HCHO using statistical methods[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,11(3):8003-8025.
[22]Baek K H,Kim J H,Park R J,et al.2014.Validation of OMIHCHO data and its analysis over Asia[J].Science of the Total Environment,490:93-105.
[23]Millet D B,Jacob D J,Boersma K F,et al.2008.Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,113(D2):194-204.
[24]胡秀芳,谢梦梦,邵雪莲.微生物对甲醛的净化效应与作用机制[J].生物资源,2017,39(4):256-263.
[25]Qu X,Chen Q,Zhong Y,et al.Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Control Technology Development Research[J].Environmental Science&Management,2017.
[26]王永亮.黑龙江省风能资源评估[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2006.
[27]陈月霞,曹琳,杨淑萍.气温对大气主要污染物的影响[J].现代农业科技,2011,(10):277-278.
[28]杨叶,李立清,马卫武,等.相对湿度、温度对胶合板甲醛释放的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):390-397.
[29]王少丽,王会祥,刘斌.北京市大气甲醛浓度研究[J].环境科学研究,2008,(3):27-30.
[30]拜冰阳,乔琦,李俊华,等.甲醛催化氧化催化剂的研究进展(英文)[J].催化学报,2016,37(1):102-122.
[31]李晓梅.生物-化学法净化甲醛废气应用基础研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2014.
[32]石碧清,刘湘,闾振华.室内甲醛污染现状及其防治对策[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(6):55-124.
[33]Siegfried G,Palmer P I,Barkley M P,et al.Biomass burning emission estimates inferred from satellite column measurements of HCHO:Sensitivity to co-emitted aerosol and injection height[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2011,38(14):L14807.
[34]喻元秀,任景明,刘磊,等.我国化肥污染的演变趋势及防治对策[C]//2009中国可持续发展论坛暨中国可持续发展研究会学术年会论文集(上册).2009.
[35]王红茹.化肥污染与防治[J].内蒙古环境科学,2009,21(2):15-17
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