永陇矿区松软富水顶板灾变机理与防控研究
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摘要
针对黄陇侏罗纪煤田采场出水压架灾害频发的现状,以永陇矿区4个综放工作面为工程背景,围绕松软富水地层覆岩破断与顶板来压特征、离层水致灾机理及灾害预警防控开展了现场跟班实测与理论研究。研究结果表明:覆岩关键层运移破断与采场矿压及离层水害存在因果关系。由于破断步距大、控制岩层组厚度大,复合关键层破断导致采场大周期来压显现异常强烈;所控岩层组断裂下沉后在洛河组含水层底部产生离层空间。受到离层水压和含水层持续补给等双重作用,离层积水越层下泄引发采场出水。基于以上认识,在实践中探索并完善了离层水害防控对策,构建了以"大周期来压、支架阻力高位预警、水位降速、宏观矿压显现异常"为主的出水压架预警机制;建立了以危险区域划分、采放工艺优化及工作面日常管控为主的防控体系。研究成果已成功指导了多个工作面的顶板水害防控,对类似地层条件的矿井具有良好的示范效应。
Supports crushing and water inrush disasters are frequent occurrence at Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield in Northwest China. Taking four fully mechanized working faces as engineering background,this study presents the results of monitoring and theory investigation of overburden breaking,strata movements,roof weighting,water inrush from separated fractured spaces,and finally,puts forward prevention measures for above disasters. The results show that the breaking characteristic of key strata is critical to the roof weighting and separation water disasters. The large breaking span and thickness of compound key strata generally cause large periodical roof weighting followed by abnormal strata behaviors during working face advances,which causes bed separated fractures to be generated under the Luo he Group. Subjected to dual effects of water pressure and continuous recharge from aquifer,water in separation breaks through aquiclude and rushes into working face.Based on above viewpoints,early warning system is established,which consists of large periodical roof weighting,abnormal high level warning of support resistance,rapid decline of water table and abnormal strata behaviors. Furthermore,a prevention system for roof and water disasters is established,which consists of predictions for potential disaster locations,top-coal drawing method optimization,and working face managements. The outcomes have contributed to the prevention of water inrush disasters at several panels. This study provides a new methodology and a set of engineering principles for the coal mines with similar geological conditions.
Supports crushing and water inrush disasters are frequent occurrence at Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield in Northwest China. Taking four fully mechanized working faces as engineering background,this study presents the results of monitoring and theory investigation of overburden breaking,strata movements,roof weighting,water inrush from separated fractured spaces,and finally,puts forward prevention measures for above disasters. The results show that the breaking characteristic of key strata is critical to the roof weighting and separation water disasters. The large breaking span and thickness of compound key strata generally cause large periodical roof weighting followed by abnormal strata behaviors during working face advances,which causes bed separated fractures to be generated under the Luo he Group. Subjected to dual effects of water pressure and continuous recharge from aquifer,water in separation breaks through aquiclude and rushes into working face.Based on above viewpoints,early warning system is established,which consists of large periodical roof weighting,abnormal high level warning of support resistance,rapid decline of water table and abnormal strata behaviors. Furthermore,a prevention system for roof and water disasters is established,which consists of predictions for potential disaster locations,top-coal drawing method optimization,and working face managements. The outcomes have contributed to the prevention of water inrush disasters at several panels. This study provides a new methodology and a set of engineering principles for the coal mines with similar geological conditions.
引文
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[7]刘英锋,王新.黄陇侏罗纪煤田顶板水害防治问题及对策探讨[J].西安科技大学学报,2013,33(4):431-435.LIU Yingfeng,WANG Xin.Water hazard prevention and control in Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013,33(4):431-435.
[8]林青,乔伟.崔木煤矿顶板离层水防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(3):129-134.LIN Qing,QIAO Wei.Water prevention and control technology of roof bed separation in Cuimu Mine[J].Coal Science and Engineering,2016,44(3):129-134.
[9]林青,李正杰,王涛,等.富水顶板特厚煤层综放开采出水压架成因及防治[J].煤矿开采,2015,20(3):106-109.LIN Qing,LI Zhengjie,WANG Tao,et al.Cause and prevention of water-burst and support jammed in full-mechanized caving mining extremely-thick coal-seam under water-rich roof[J].Coal Mining Technology,2015,20(3):106-109.
[10]徐刚.顶板富含水特厚煤层综放开采压架成因与防治[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(4):1-5.XU Gang.Causes and prevention of powered support jammed in fullymechanized top coal caving mining face in ultra thick seam with watery roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(4):1-5.
[11]王之永,李正杰,李根,等.崔木煤矿特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破断结构分析[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(1):84-88.WANG Zhiyong,LI Zhengjie,LI Gen,et al.Analysis of overburden broken structure of fully mechanized top coal caving with extremely thick coal seam of Cuimu Coal Mine[J].Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(1):84-88.
[12]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:16-18.
[13]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):463-467.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Method to distinguish key strata in overburden strata[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2000,29(5):463-467.
[14]左建平,孙运江,钱鸣高.厚松散层覆岩移动机理及类双曲线模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1372-1379.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,QIAN Minggao.Movement mechanism and analogous hyperbola model of overlying strata with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1372-1379.
[15]许家林,钱鸣高,金洪伟.岩层移动离层演化规律及其应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):632-636.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,JIN Hongwei.Study and application of bed separation distribution and development in the process of strata movement[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(5):632-636.
[16]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿防治水规定释义[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009:250-252.
[2]乔伟,黄阳,袁中帮,等.巨厚煤层综放开采顶板离层水形成机制及防治方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2076-2084.QIAO Wei,HUANG Yang,YUAN Zhongbang,et al.Formation and prevention of water inrush from roof bed separation with full-mechanized caving mining of ultra thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2076-2084.
[3]鞠金峰,许家林,李全生,等.我国水体下保水采煤技术研究进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):12-19.JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,LI Quansheng,et al.Progress of water-preserved coal mining under water in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):12-19.
[4]黎灵,舒宗运,冯宇锋.特厚煤层综放开采覆岩离层水突水机理分析及防治[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):175-182.LI Ling,SHU Zongyun,FENG Yufeng.Analysis and prevention on mechanism of water inrush from bed separation water of overburden by fully-mechanized top coal caving mining in ultra thick seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):175-182.
[5]张玉军,李风明.高强度综放开采采动覆岩破坏高度及裂隙发育演化监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(S1):2994-3001.ZHANG Yujun,LI Fengming.Monitoring analysis of fissure development evolution and height of overburden failure of high tension fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S1):2994-3001.
[6]朱卫兵,王晓振,孔翔,等.覆岩离层区积水引发的采场突水机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):306-311.ZHU Weibing,WANG Xiaozhen,KONG Xiang,et al.Study of mechanism of stope water inrush caused by water accumulation in overburden separation areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):306-311.
[7]刘英锋,王新.黄陇侏罗纪煤田顶板水害防治问题及对策探讨[J].西安科技大学学报,2013,33(4):431-435.LIU Yingfeng,WANG Xin.Water hazard prevention and control in Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013,33(4):431-435.
[8]林青,乔伟.崔木煤矿顶板离层水防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(3):129-134.LIN Qing,QIAO Wei.Water prevention and control technology of roof bed separation in Cuimu Mine[J].Coal Science and Engineering,2016,44(3):129-134.
[9]林青,李正杰,王涛,等.富水顶板特厚煤层综放开采出水压架成因及防治[J].煤矿开采,2015,20(3):106-109.LIN Qing,LI Zhengjie,WANG Tao,et al.Cause and prevention of water-burst and support jammed in full-mechanized caving mining extremely-thick coal-seam under water-rich roof[J].Coal Mining Technology,2015,20(3):106-109.
[10]徐刚.顶板富含水特厚煤层综放开采压架成因与防治[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(4):1-5.XU Gang.Causes and prevention of powered support jammed in fullymechanized top coal caving mining face in ultra thick seam with watery roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(4):1-5.
[11]王之永,李正杰,李根,等.崔木煤矿特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破断结构分析[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(1):84-88.WANG Zhiyong,LI Zhengjie,LI Gen,et al.Analysis of overburden broken structure of fully mechanized top coal caving with extremely thick coal seam of Cuimu Coal Mine[J].Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(1):84-88.
[12]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:16-18.
[13]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):463-467.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Method to distinguish key strata in overburden strata[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2000,29(5):463-467.
[14]左建平,孙运江,钱鸣高.厚松散层覆岩移动机理及类双曲线模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1372-1379.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,QIAN Minggao.Movement mechanism and analogous hyperbola model of overlying strata with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1372-1379.
[15]许家林,钱鸣高,金洪伟.岩层移动离层演化规律及其应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):632-636.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,JIN Hongwei.Study and application of bed separation distribution and development in the process of strata movement[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(5):632-636.
[16]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿防治水规定释义[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009:250-252.
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