西藏尼玛盆地古近系牛堡组烃源岩地球化学特征
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摘要
目前青藏高原中-新生代沉积盆地油气资源评价程度相对较低,对有机质来源及热演化过程等研究程度较低。本文以尼玛盆地古近系牛堡组为研究对象,通过对其有机质丰度、有机质类型以及有机质热演化程度的分析,发现尼玛盆地牛堡组泥岩烃源岩有机碳质量分数在0. 52%～4. 14%,平均1. 25%,属中等-很好烃源岩;有机质类型以II1型为主,三件为I型。烃源岩岩石热解峰温Tmax为424～483℃,镜质体反射率Ro为0. 72%～0. 86%,表明有机质演化达成熟-高成熟阶段。综合数据分析表明尼玛盆地牛堡组烃源岩具有较好的生烃潜力。这对认识尼玛盆地的油气勘探价值,进一步突破在青藏高原陆相第三系盆地寻找油气资源仅在伦坡拉盆地中东部概念的束缚,为整个伦坡拉盆地群开展油气勘探工作提供了很好的指导意义。
The evaluation degree of oil and gas resources in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basins of the Tibetan Plateau is relatively low so far.Moreover,the understanding of the source of organic matter and the degree of thermal evolution remains poor. Taking Niubao Formation of Paleogene in the Nima basin as a research object,this paper presents an analysis of its organic matter abundance,organic matte type and organic matte maturity. The results show that the total organic carbon( TOC) content lies in 0. 52% ～ 4. 14%,1. 25% on average,implying a medium-very good source rock. The organic matter is mainly of II1 type,and three samples belong to I type. The pyrolysis peak temperature of rocks( Tmax) is 424 ～483℃,vitrinite reflectance( Ro)is 0. 72% ～ 0. 86%,suggesting the thermal evolution of organic matter had reached a mature-high mature level. Comprehensive analysis of data shows that the Niubao Formation source rock in the Nima basin has a good hydrocarbon generation potential. The above conclusions are useful for estimating the value of oil and gas exploration in the Nima basin,further breaking the yoke of the concept that petroleum-search of the Tertiary terrestrial basins in the Tibetan Plateau is confined to eastern-central part of the Lunpola basin. And it is also instructive to exploration of oil and gas in the entire Lunpola basin.
The evaluation degree of oil and gas resources in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basins of the Tibetan Plateau is relatively low so far.Moreover,the understanding of the source of organic matter and the degree of thermal evolution remains poor. Taking Niubao Formation of Paleogene in the Nima basin as a research object,this paper presents an analysis of its organic matter abundance,organic matte type and organic matte maturity. The results show that the total organic carbon( TOC) content lies in 0. 52% ～ 4. 14%,1. 25% on average,implying a medium-very good source rock. The organic matter is mainly of II1 type,and three samples belong to I type. The pyrolysis peak temperature of rocks( Tmax) is 424 ～483℃,vitrinite reflectance( Ro)is 0. 72% ～ 0. 86%,suggesting the thermal evolution of organic matter had reached a mature-high mature level. Comprehensive analysis of data shows that the Niubao Formation source rock in the Nima basin has a good hydrocarbon generation potential. The above conclusions are useful for estimating the value of oil and gas exploration in the Nima basin,further breaking the yoke of the concept that petroleum-search of the Tertiary terrestrial basins in the Tibetan Plateau is confined to eastern-central part of the Lunpola basin. And it is also instructive to exploration of oil and gas in the entire Lunpola basin.
引文
Chu Yong-bin,Zhu Li-dong,Yang Wen-guang,Shi Jian-nan.2015.Characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of Upper Triassic in Tumen area,Qiangtang basin,Tibet[J].Science Technology and Engineering,15(13):118-121(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Fan Wen-fei,Hou Du-jie,Di Meng-qing.2016.Organic petrology characteristics of organic-rich shale of Lower Palaeozoic in Southeast Chongqing[J].Geology and Exploration,52(2):346-356(in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng Qiao,Li Hai-bin,Zhou Hai-feng,Wang Bing-kai,Tian Fang-zheng.2017.Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rock in Wutonggou-Guodikeng Formation of West Dalongkou,southeast of Junggar basin[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),36(2):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Huang Ji-jun.2000.Nature of the Qiangtang basin and its tectonic evolution[J].Journal of Geomechanics,6(4):58-66(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang Xing-chao,Chen Jian-fa,Tang You-jun,Zhao Guo-zhu.2014.Evaluation of hydrocarbon source rocks of formation in Dahulishan region,Ejina Banner[J].Science Technology and Engineering,14(13):21-25(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Mi Wen-tian,Zhu Li-dong,Yang Wen-guang,Yang Lin,Huang Hui.2017.Provenance of the Niubao Formation and its geological implications in the North Depression of the Nima basin in the Tibet[J].Earth Science,42(02):240-257(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Tao,Wang Cheng-shan,Li Ya-lin,Wei Yu-shuai.2013.Hydrocarbon potential and molecular organic geochemistry of Niubao Formation in Nima basin,central Tibet[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,32(2):243-251(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Feng Qiao,Li Hai-bin,Zhou Hai-feng,Wang Bing-kai,Tian Fang-zheng.2017.Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rock in Wutonggou-Guodikeng Formation of West Dalongkou,southeast of Junggar basin[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),36(2):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu Shun.2012.Analysis of Mesozoic hydrocarbon source rocks in the Tuonamuzangbu area,Qiangtang basin,Tibet[J].Geology and Exploration,48(3):645-653(in Chinese with English abstract)
Huang Ji-jun.2000.Nature of the Qiangtang basin and its tectonic evolution[J].Journal of Geomechanics,6(4):58-66(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang Xing-chao,Chen Jian-fa,Tang You-jun,Zhao Guo-zhu.2014.Evaluation of hydrocarbon source rocks of formation in Dahulishan region,Ejina Banner[J].Science Technology and Engineering,14(13):21-25(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang Zhong-ti,Zhang Jia-qiang,Wang De-jie.2006.Discovery of oilgas shows in the Nyima area,Tibet,China and its significance[J].Geological Bulletin of China,25(9):185-189(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kapp P,Decelles P G,Gehrels G E,Matthew H,Ding L.2007.Geological records of the Lhasa-Qiangtang and Indo-Asian collisions in the Nima area of central Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,119(7-8):917-932(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kapp P,Yin A,Harrison T M,Ding L.2005.Cretaceous-Tertiary shortening,basin development,and volcanism in central Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,117(7):865-878(in Chinese with English abstract)
Klemme H D,Ulmishek G F.1991.Effective petroleum source rocks of the world:Strat-igraphic distribution and controlling depositional factors[J].AAPG Bulletin,75(12):1809-1851(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lei Zhen-yu,Li Yong-tie,Liu Zhong,Lu Bing.2001.Structural deformation and dynamic mechanism of the Qiangtang basin,north Tibet[J].Geological Review,47(4):415-419(in Chinese with English abstract)
Leier A L.2005.The Cretaceous evolution of the Lhasa terrane,southern Tibet[D].Arizona:University of Arizona:4131(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Ya-lin,Wang Cheng-shan,Zhu Li-dong,Wang Li-cheng,Yang Wenguang.2010.Discovery of oil shale in the Nima basin,Tibet,China and its significance[J].Geological Bulletin of China,29(12):1872-1874(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Zhong-xiong,He Jiang-lin,Du Bai-wei,Wang Zheng-jiang.2010.Characteristics of biomarker compounds in the Middle Jurassic carbonate sequence of the Buqu Formation and their implication in the Qiangtang basin,the northern Tibet[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,32(2):175-180(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu Zeng-qian,Xu Xian.1990.Formation and evolution of tectonic and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:1-174(in Chinese)
Lu Bing,Li Yong-tie,Liu Zhong,Lei Zhen-yu,Xu Ke-qiang.2000.Formation and classification of basins in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(2):21-26(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu Shuang-fang,Zhang Min.2008.Petroleum geochemistry[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:200-226(in Chinese with English abstract)
LüTie-liang,Zhang Kui-hua,Lin Chang-song,Li Yan-li.2016.Hydrocarbon source and reservoir and reservoir-forming analysis in Mulei sag,Junggar basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,40(5):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract)
Mi Wen-tian,Zhu Li-dong,Yang Wen-guang,Yang Lin,Huang Hui.2017.Provenance of the Niubao Formation and its geological implications in the North Depression of the Nima basin in the Tibet[J].Earth Science,42(02):240-257(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Tao,Wang Cheng-shan,Li Ya-lin,Wei Yu-shuai.2013.Hydrocarbon potential and molecular organic geochemistry of Niubao Formation in Nima basin,central Tibet[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,32(2):243-251(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tissot B P,Welte D H.1984.Petroleum formation and occurrence[J].New York:Springer-Verlag:61-86
Tu Jian-qi,Jin Kui-li.1999.Study and comparison on some important indicators with reference to the degree of organic maturation of marine hydrocarbon-source rocks[J].Advances in Earth Science,14(1):20-25(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Jian,Ding Jun,Wang Cheng-shan,Tan Fu-wen,Chen Ming,Hu Ping,Li Ya-lin,Gao Rui,Fang Hui,Zhu Li-dong,Li Qiu-sheng,Zhang Ming-hua,Du Bai-wei,Fu Xiu-gen,Li Zhong-xiong,Wang Fang.2009.Evaluation and investigation of the oil and gas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:208-270(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Li-cheng,Wang Cheng-shan,Li Ya-lin,Zhu Li-dong,Wei Yushuai.2011.Organic geochemistry of potential source rocks in the Tertiary Dingqinhu Formation,Nima basin,central Tibet[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,34(1):67-85
Wu Jing-long.2011.Studying on Paleogene sedimentary records of the south depression of Nyima basin in Tibet[D].Chengdu:Chengdu U-niversity of Technology:1-63(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xiang Bao-li,Liao Jian-de,Zhou Ni,Yu Qi-ling,Ma Wan-yun,Gao Xiuwei,Wang Ming.2013.Organic geochemical features of Permian source rock from Lucaogou Formation in Ji 174 well of Jimsar depression[J].Science Technology and Engineering,13(32):9636-9640(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xie Long,Tao Gang,Liu He,Li Chao.2016.Geochemical characteristics of the Upper Triassic Tumengela Formation source rocks in the Tumen area of the Qiangtang basin,Tibet[J].Geology and Exploration,52(4):774-782(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Ting,Hou Du-jie,Zhao Zi-bin,Wang Ye,Xu Chang-gui,Wang Feilong.2017.Deep tight reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Badaowan Formation in the central Junggar basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,41(1):11-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Xi-yan.2016.Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of Cenozoic in Haibei sub-sag[J].Science Technology and Engineering,16(32):174-179(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yu Pan,Mao-chao,Li Xiao-lin,Huang Wen-kui,Qin Wen-pan.2016.Oganic geochemical characteristics and geological significance of shale source rocks from Luofu Formation of Devonian in northwestern Guangxi[J].Science Technology and Engineering,16(35):52-59(in Chinese with English abstract)
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