SBR工艺城市污水处理厂微生物气溶胶逸散特征
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摘要
在采用SBR工艺的某污水处理厂设置采样点,研究各污水处理工艺段微生物气溶胶的逸散特征.结果表明,各工艺段均有细菌气溶胶逸散,浓度为82～1 525 CFU·m~(-3),粗格栅、生化池和污泥脱水间为主要逸散源.各工艺段检测到的细菌气溶胶主要菌属为Cyanobacteria,其它丰度较高的菌属有Aeromonas、Peptostreptococcaceae、Moraxellaceae、Chroococcidiopsis、Sphingomonas、Arcobacter及Acinetobacter等,其中Aeromonas、Arcobacter、Acinetobacter及Sphingomonas为潜在致病菌.微生物气溶胶的浓度和丰度沿垂直方向和水平方向减少.适宜的温度和相对湿度利于微生物气溶胶在空气中保持活性(P <0. 01),风速则与微生物气溶胶的逸散呈负相关(P <0. 05).污水处理过程产生的微生物气溶胶的暴露风险较小(HQ <1),但是污染物的累积会增加人体的暴露风险.生物除臭反应器在处理臭味气体的同时还可以有效削减微生物气溶胶.
Sampling sites were located in a wastewater treatment plant( WWTP) with a sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process to investigate the characteristics of bioaerosol emissions. The results indicated that bioaerosols were detected from each treatment section of the WWTP,and concentrations of bioaerosols were in the range of 82-1 525 CFU·m~(-3). The coarse screen,aeration tank,and sludge dewatering house were the main sources of bioaerosols. The dominant species in each treatment section was Cyanobacteria, and the other main bacterial taxa were Aeromonas, Peptostreptococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Chroococcidiopsis,Sphingomonas,Arcobacter,and Acinetobacter. Among the identified bacterial genera,Aeromonas,Arcobacter,Acinetobacter,and Sphingomonas were potential pathogens. Bioaerosol concentration and abundance decreased along the vertical and horizontal directions.Appropriate temperature and relative humidity benefited the survival of bioaerosols in the air( P < 0. 01),whereas a negative relationship between bioaerosol concentration and wind speed was observed( P < 0. 05). Although exposure risks caused by bioaerosols were negligible in this study,the accumulation of bioaerosols would increase potential health risks. The bioreactor for odor treatment could effectively reduce bioaerosol emissions.
Sampling sites were located in a wastewater treatment plant( WWTP) with a sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process to investigate the characteristics of bioaerosol emissions. The results indicated that bioaerosols were detected from each treatment section of the WWTP,and concentrations of bioaerosols were in the range of 82-1 525 CFU·m~(-3). The coarse screen,aeration tank,and sludge dewatering house were the main sources of bioaerosols. The dominant species in each treatment section was Cyanobacteria, and the other main bacterial taxa were Aeromonas, Peptostreptococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Chroococcidiopsis,Sphingomonas,Arcobacter,and Acinetobacter. Among the identified bacterial genera,Aeromonas,Arcobacter,Acinetobacter,and Sphingomonas were potential pathogens. Bioaerosol concentration and abundance decreased along the vertical and horizontal directions.Appropriate temperature and relative humidity benefited the survival of bioaerosols in the air( P < 0. 01),whereas a negative relationship between bioaerosol concentration and wind speed was observed( P < 0. 05). Although exposure risks caused by bioaerosols were negligible in this study,the accumulation of bioaerosols would increase potential health risks. The bioreactor for odor treatment could effectively reduce bioaerosol emissions.
引文
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[25] Kalogerakis N,Paschali D,Lekaditis V, et al. Indoor air quality—bioaerosol measurements in domestic and office premises[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science,2005,36(5-6):751-761.
[26] Liu H,Zhang Z W,Wen N J,et al. Determination and risk assessment of airborne endotoxin concentrations in a university campus[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science,2018,115:146-157.
[27] Li Y P,Zhang H F,Qiu X H,et al. Dispersion and risk assessment of bacterial aerosols emitted from rotating-brush aerator during summer in a wastewater treatment plant of Xi'an,China[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2013,13(6):1807-1814.
[2] Fathi S, Hajizadeh Y, Nikaeen M, et al. Assessment of microbial aerosol emissions in an urban wastewater treatment plant operated with activated sludge process[J]. Aerobiologia,2017,33(4):507-515.
[3] Katsivela E,Latos E,Raisi L,et al. Particle size distribution of cultivable airborne microbes and inhalable particulate matter in a wastewater treatment plant facility[J]. Aerobiologia,2017,33(3):297-314.
[4] Vilavert L,Nadal M,Figueras M J,et al. Volatile organic compounds and bioaerosols in the vicinity of a municipal waste organic fraction treatment plant. human health risks[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2012,19(1):96-104.
[5] Dueker M E, O'Mullan G D, Juhl A R, et al. Local environmental pollution strongly influences culturable bacterial aerosols at an urban aquatic superfund site[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(20):10926-10933.
[6] Li J,Zhou L T,Zhang X Y,et al. Bioaerosol emissions and detection of airborne antibiotic resistance genes from a wastewater treatment plant[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2016,124:404-412.
[7] Benami M,Busgang A,Gillor O,et al. Quantification and risks associated with bacterial aerosols near domestic greywatertreatment systems[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2016,562:344-352.
[8] Uhrbrand K,Schultz A C,Koivisto A J,et al. Assessment of airborne bacteria and noroviruses in air emission from a new highly-advanced hospital wastewater treatment plant[J]. Water Research,2017,112:110-119.
[9]宋小燕,刘锐,税勇,等.间歇曝气SBR处理养猪沼液的短程脱氮性能[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1873-1879.Song X Y, Liu R, Shui Y, et al. Stability of short-cut nitrification nitrogen removal in digested piggery wastewater with an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1873-1879.
[10] Wang Y J,Li L, Han Y P,et al. Intestinal bacteria in bioaerosols and factors affecting their survival in two oxidation ditch process municipal wastewater treatment plants located in different regions[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,154:162-170.
[11] Sánchez-Monedero M,Aguilar M,Fenoll R,et al. Effect of the aeration system on the levels of airborne microorganisms generated at wastewater treatment plants[J]. Water Research,2008,42(14):3739-3744.
[12] Li L,Gao M,Liu J X. Distribution characterization of microbial aerosols emitted from a wastewater treatment plant using the Orbal oxidation ditch process[J]. Process Biochemistry,2011,46(4):910-915.
[13] Szylak-Szydlowski M,Kulig A,Mias'kiewicz-Pska E. Seasonal changes in the concentrations of airborne bacteria emitted from a large wastewater treatment plant[J]. International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,115:11-16.
[14] Niazi S,Hassanvand M S,Mahvi A H,et al. Assessment of bioaerosol contamination(bacteria and fungi)in the largest urban wastewater treatment plant in the Middle East[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(20):16014-16021.
[15]邱雄辉,李彦鹏,牛铁军,等.城市污水处理厂生成的微生物气溶胶的污染特性[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2191-2196.Qiu X H,Li Y P,Niu T J,et al. Pollution characteristics of microbial aerosols generated from a municipal sewage treatment plant[J]. Environmental Science,2012,33(7):2191-2196.
[16] Parker J L,Shaw J G. Aeromonas spp. clinical microbiology and disease[J]. Journal of Infection,2011,62(2):109-118.
[17]毕水莲,孟赫诚.致病性弓形杆菌属生物学特性及诊断研究进展[J].现代食品科技,2013,29(1):211-214.Bi S L,Meng H C. Biological characteristics and diagnoses of pathogenic Arcobacter species[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology,29(1):211-214.
[18] Ryan M P,Adley C C. Sphingomonas paucimobilis:a persistent Gram-negative nosocomial infectious organism[J]. The Journal of Hospital Infection,2010,75(3):153-157.
[19] Dent L L,Marshall D R,Pratap S,et al. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii:a descriptive study in a city hospital[J]. BMC Infectious Diseases,2010,10:196.
[20] Gotkowska-Plachta A,Filipkowska Z,Korzeniewska E,et al.Airborne microorganisms emitted from wastewater treatment plant treating domestic wastewater and meat processing industry wastes[J]. Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2013,41(5):429-436.
[21] Gao M,Yan X,Qiu T L,et al. Variation of correlations between factors and culturable airborne bacteria and fungi[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,128:10-19.
[22] Ding W J,Li L,Han Y P,et al. Site-related and seasonal variation of bioaerosol emission in an indoor wastewater treatment station:level, characteristics of particle size, and microbial structure[J]. Aerobiologia,2016,32(2):211-224.
[23]闫威卓,王步英,Montana O F,等.北偏西大风对北京冬季生物气溶胶的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3561-3568.Yan W Z,Wang B Y,Montana O F,et al. Impact of gusty northwesterly winds on biological particles in winter in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(9):3561-3568.
[24]赵秀阁,段小丽.中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)概要[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.Zhao X G,Duan X L. Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Press,2013.
[25] Kalogerakis N,Paschali D,Lekaditis V, et al. Indoor air quality—bioaerosol measurements in domestic and office premises[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science,2005,36(5-6):751-761.
[26] Liu H,Zhang Z W,Wen N J,et al. Determination and risk assessment of airborne endotoxin concentrations in a university campus[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science,2018,115:146-157.
[27] Li Y P,Zhang H F,Qiu X H,et al. Dispersion and risk assessment of bacterial aerosols emitted from rotating-brush aerator during summer in a wastewater treatment plant of Xi'an,China[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2013,13(6):1807-1814.
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