云贵高原河流水系演化与高原形成过程——基于现代河流沉积物示踪
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摘要
云贵高原是进行现代河流沉积物分析示踪的天然实验室,研究其现代河流沉积物的对于认识青藏高原东南缘隆升与新生代地形形成演化具有重要意义。通过对云贵高原长江和珠江支流7件河流砂样重矿物分析、聚类分析和ATi与GZi等研究,揭示出长江流域河流沉积物呈现出搬运距离远,物源种类多,经历复杂次生作用等特点,明显区别于珠江流域河流沉积物搬运距离近、物源种类单一和近源等特点。珠江流域上游红水河物源与长江具有一定继承性,新生代晚期,由于青藏高原东向扩展生长与大型走滑断裂活动导致和河流水系特征,同时南盘江流域发生反转、袭夺,最终形成现今云贵高原"西高东低"地貌及其河流水系。
The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is located in the southwest margin of the Yangtze Plate where the Yangtze River and the Pearl river systems are developed. Modern river sediment in these river systems is of importance to study of the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the Cenozoic. Many complex rocks are exposed and a lot of river system are developed in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau which, therefore, a natural laboratory of tracing the modern river sediment. Based on the classification of modern river systems, this study collects seven samples from tributaries of the Yangtze River and the Pearl Rivers. Form previous studies, heavy mineral analysis, clustering analysis and ATi-GZi correlation analysis, it is concluded that sediments in the Yangtze River are transported longer and have a variety of provenance and experience multiple secondary changes. On the contrary, sediments in the Pearl River present a near source feature. To the Late Cenozoic, the west margin of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(the east margin of the Tibetan Plateau) began to uplift. At the same time, a series of strike-slip faults began to develop. These made the west margin of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau raise constantly. In this process, the flow of the Nanpan River was reversed and the strike-slip faults tended to stabilize. So far, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and its river systems came into being.
The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is located in the southwest margin of the Yangtze Plate where the Yangtze River and the Pearl river systems are developed. Modern river sediment in these river systems is of importance to study of the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the Cenozoic. Many complex rocks are exposed and a lot of river system are developed in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau which, therefore, a natural laboratory of tracing the modern river sediment. Based on the classification of modern river systems, this study collects seven samples from tributaries of the Yangtze River and the Pearl Rivers. Form previous studies, heavy mineral analysis, clustering analysis and ATi-GZi correlation analysis, it is concluded that sediments in the Yangtze River are transported longer and have a variety of provenance and experience multiple secondary changes. On the contrary, sediments in the Pearl River present a near source feature. To the Late Cenozoic, the west margin of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(the east margin of the Tibetan Plateau) began to uplift. At the same time, a series of strike-slip faults began to develop. These made the west margin of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau raise constantly. In this process, the flow of the Nanpan River was reversed and the strike-slip faults tended to stabilize. So far, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and its river systems came into being.
引文
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[29] Vincent H, Wach G, Ketannah Y. Heavy mineral record of Andean uplift and changing sediment sources across the NE margin of South America:a case study from Trinidad and Barbados[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2014, 386(1):217-241.
[30] Wang Y, Zhang B, Hou J, et al. Structure and tectonic geomorphology of the Qujiang fault at the intersection of the Ailao Shan Red River fault and the Xianshuihe Xiaojiang fault system, China[J]. Tectonophysics. 2014, 634:156-170.
[31] Yang S, Wang Z, Guo Y, et al. Heavy mineral compositions of the Changjiang(Yangtze River)sediments and their provenance-tracing implication[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2009, 35(1):56-65.
[2]高抒.美国《洋陆边缘科学计划2004》述评.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(1):119-123.
[3]韩金炎.数学地质[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1987.
[4]何梦颖.长江河流沉积物矿物学、地球化学和碎屑锆石年代学物源示踪研究[D].南京大学.2014.
[5]康春国,李长安,王节涛,等.江汉平原沉积物重矿物特征及其对三峡贯通的指示[J].地球科学,2009,34(3):419-427.
[6]马丽芳.中国地质图集[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:9-340
[7]庞雄,陈长民,吴梦霜,等.珠江深水扇系统沉积与周边重要地质事件[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(8):793-799.
[8]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,52(2).
[9]邵磊,雷永昌,庞雄,等.珠江口盆地构造演化及对沉积环境的控制作用[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(9).
[10]邵磊,李长安,张玉芬,等.长江川江段现代沉积物的重矿物组合特征.地质科技情报,2010(03):49-54.
[11]向绪洪,邵磊,乔培军,等. 2011.珠江流域沉积物重矿物特征及其示踪意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011(06):27-35.
[12]王策,梁新权,童传新,等.莺歌海盆地东北部邻区7条主要入海河流重砂矿物特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2014(02):228-237.
[13]王中波,杨守业,李萍,等.长江水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及其示踪意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):570-578.
[14]解习农,任建业,雷超.盆地动力学研究综述及展望[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(5):76-84.
[15]赵红格,刘池洋. 2003.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,2003,21(3):409-415.
[16]赵鹏大.矿床统计预测[M].北京:地质出版社.1983.
[17] Allen P A and Allen J R. Basin Analysis:Principles and Application to Petroleum Play Assessment. UK, West Sussex:Wiley-Blackwell.2008:1-633.
[18] Callahan, J. A non-toxic heavy liquid and inexpensive filters for separation of mineral grains[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1987,57, 765 766.
[19] Clift P, Carter A, Campbell I, et al. Thermochronology of mineral grains in the Red and Mekong Rivers, Vietnam:Provenance and exhumation implications for Southeast Asia[J]. 2006.
[20] Hubert J F. A zircon-tourmaline-rutile maturity index and the interdenpence of the composition of heavy mineral assemblages with the gross composition and texture of sandstone[J].Geology Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1962,30(3):440-450.
[21] Kerr, P. F.&Rogers, A. F. Optical Mineralogy.McGraw-Hill[M], New York. 1977.
[22] Koiter A J, Owens P N, Petticrew E L and Lobb D A. The behavioural characteristics of sediment properties and their implications for sediment fingerprinting as an approach for identifying sediment sources in river basins. Earth-Science Reviews, 2013,125:24-42.
[23] Leeder M R. Tectonic sedimentology:sediment systems deciphering global to local tectonics. Sedimentology, 2011, 58:2-56.
[24] Morton, A. C. Heavy minerals in provenance studies; provenance of arenites:NATO ASI series[J].Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1985, 148, 249-277.
[25] Mange,M.A.&Maurer, H. F. W. Heavy Minerals in Colour[M]. Chapman&Hall, Hong Kong. 1992.
[26] MacKenzie, W. S.&Guilford, C. Atlas of Rock-Forming Minerals in Thin Section[M]. Longman, London. 1980.
[27] Nesse, W. D. Introduction to Optical Mineralogy[M].Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2004.
[28] Perkins, D.&Henke, K. R. Minerals in Thin Section. Pearson Education[J], Upper Saddle River, NJ. 2004.
[29] Vincent H, Wach G, Ketannah Y. Heavy mineral record of Andean uplift and changing sediment sources across the NE margin of South America:a case study from Trinidad and Barbados[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2014, 386(1):217-241.
[30] Wang Y, Zhang B, Hou J, et al. Structure and tectonic geomorphology of the Qujiang fault at the intersection of the Ailao Shan Red River fault and the Xianshuihe Xiaojiang fault system, China[J]. Tectonophysics. 2014, 634:156-170.
[31] Yang S, Wang Z, Guo Y, et al. Heavy mineral compositions of the Changjiang(Yangtze River)sediments and their provenance-tracing implication[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2009, 35(1):56-65.
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