不同肥水耦合对黄瓜产量品质及肥料偏生产力的影响
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摘要
【目的】基质栽培是有效解决设施土壤连作障碍、质地恶化对作物生产造成不利影响的有效途径之一。目前基质栽培水肥管理缺乏量化指标,本研究旨在通过研究滴灌水肥耦合对塑料大棚春季基质栽培黄瓜产量、生长、生理、品质和偏肥料生产力的影响,探究黄瓜基质栽培优质高效生产的灌水和营养液供应标准。【方法】以‘春优1号’黄瓜为试材,按照标准山崎黄瓜营养液配方,设置3个营养液浓度水平(F1:75%剂量、F2:100%剂量、F3:125%剂量)和3个单株灌水量(W1:75%蒸腾蒸发量(crop evapo-transpiration ETc)、W2:100%ETc、W3:125%ETc),共9个水肥耦合处理,分析不同灌水和营养液浓度对基质袋栽培黄瓜产量、干物质量、品质、水肥利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和肥料偏生产力(partial factor productivity of fertilizer,PFP)的影响。运用多元回归分析和空间分析方法,确定塑料大棚春季基质袋栽培黄瓜高效生产的适宜灌水量和营养液浓度。【结果】灌水量的增加有利于黄瓜产量和PFP的增长,收获期60 d内W3F1处理产量(7 667.3 kg/667m~2)和PFP(205.67 kg·kg-1)均最大。在相同施肥处理下,PFP随灌水量的增加呈上升趋势;F1条件下,W3处理净光合速率低于W1,但其叶面积指数较大,同化量较高,获得较高产量。仅考虑灌水条件下,W1水平下黄瓜果实品质的VC、还原糖表现最优;而W3水平下黄瓜果实的可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白有最优值。运用多元回归和空间分析方法综合评价产量、品质和肥料偏生产力,确定适宜的灌水施肥范围为36.0—42.2 kg/667m~2和198.0—219.8m3/667m~2;42.2—44.6 kg/667m~2和206.3—219.8 m3/667m~2。【结论】灌溉和营养液浓度对黄瓜的生长、产量、品质、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力均有显著影响,以黄瓜产量、硝酸盐含量和PFP同时达到最优值的±10%范围时确定的灌溉量和营养液浓度是塑料大棚春季基质袋栽培黄瓜的优化滴灌施肥方案。
【Objective】Substrate cultivation is one of the effective ways to solve the adverse influences of soil texture deterioration on crop production which were cultivated in protected environment. With lacking standard of water and fertilizer management for substrate cultivation, in order to ensure the standard of irrigation and fertilizer coupling on yield, dry weight, quality, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and water use efficiency of cucumber cultivated in substrate in spring, the irrigation and fertilizer supply systems for high yield, quality, and efficient production of cucumber substrate were investigated.【Method】‘ChunyouNo.1' cucumber was chosen as the materials, and the experiment was subjected to three irrigation water levels(W1(75% crop evapo-transpiration, ETc), W2(100% ETc) and W3(125% ETc)) and three Yamazaki cucumber nutrient solution formula concentrations(F1(75%), F2(100%), F3(125%)). The study analyzed the effects of different water and fertilizer coupling on cucumber yield, dry weight, quality, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and water use efficiency. The multivariate regression analysis and spatial analysis methods were used to obtain the best combination of irrigation and fertilizer for efficient cultivation of spring cucumber in plastic greenhouses. 【Result】The increase of irrigation was beneficial to the growth of cucumber yield and partial factor productivity of fertilizer(PFP). The yield(7 667.3 kg/667 m~2) and PFP(205.67 kg·kg-1) of W3 F1 treatment were the largest during the 60 days of the harvest period. Under the same fertilization conditions, PFP was increasing with the increase of irrigation volume. Under the condition of F1, the net photosynthetic rate of W3 treatment was lower than W1, but its leaf area index was larger, therefore higher assimilation amount and yield were obtained. Under the same irrigation condition, the Vitamin C and reducing sugar performance of cucumber fruit under W1 level was the best, while the soluble solids and soluble protein of cucumber fruit under W3 had the best value. Through the multivariate regression analysis and the spatial analysis methods to evaluate yield, quality and partial factor productivity of fertilizer, the results showed that the fertilization and irrigation amount obtained was about 36.0-42.2 kg/667 m~2 and 198.0-219.8 m3/667 m~2, or 42.2-44.6 kg/667 m~2 and 206.3-219.8 m3/667 m~2. 【Conclusion】Irrigation level and fertilization level significantly affected growth, yield, quality, WUE and PFP. The best strategy of fertilization and irrigation for the production of drip-irrigated cultivated cucumber grown in substrate bags in Spring is level which yield, nitrate content and PFP of cucumber were ±10% of optimal value.
【Objective】Substrate cultivation is one of the effective ways to solve the adverse influences of soil texture deterioration on crop production which were cultivated in protected environment. With lacking standard of water and fertilizer management for substrate cultivation, in order to ensure the standard of irrigation and fertilizer coupling on yield, dry weight, quality, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and water use efficiency of cucumber cultivated in substrate in spring, the irrigation and fertilizer supply systems for high yield, quality, and efficient production of cucumber substrate were investigated.【Method】‘ChunyouNo.1' cucumber was chosen as the materials, and the experiment was subjected to three irrigation water levels(W1(75% crop evapo-transpiration, ETc), W2(100% ETc) and W3(125% ETc)) and three Yamazaki cucumber nutrient solution formula concentrations(F1(75%), F2(100%), F3(125%)). The study analyzed the effects of different water and fertilizer coupling on cucumber yield, dry weight, quality, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and water use efficiency. The multivariate regression analysis and spatial analysis methods were used to obtain the best combination of irrigation and fertilizer for efficient cultivation of spring cucumber in plastic greenhouses. 【Result】The increase of irrigation was beneficial to the growth of cucumber yield and partial factor productivity of fertilizer(PFP). The yield(7 667.3 kg/667 m~2) and PFP(205.67 kg·kg-1) of W3 F1 treatment were the largest during the 60 days of the harvest period. Under the same fertilization conditions, PFP was increasing with the increase of irrigation volume. Under the condition of F1, the net photosynthetic rate of W3 treatment was lower than W1, but its leaf area index was larger, therefore higher assimilation amount and yield were obtained. Under the same irrigation condition, the Vitamin C and reducing sugar performance of cucumber fruit under W1 level was the best, while the soluble solids and soluble protein of cucumber fruit under W3 had the best value. Through the multivariate regression analysis and the spatial analysis methods to evaluate yield, quality and partial factor productivity of fertilizer, the results showed that the fertilization and irrigation amount obtained was about 36.0-42.2 kg/667 m~2 and 198.0-219.8 m3/667 m~2, or 42.2-44.6 kg/667 m~2 and 206.3-219.8 m3/667 m~2. 【Conclusion】Irrigation level and fertilization level significantly affected growth, yield, quality, WUE and PFP. The best strategy of fertilization and irrigation for the production of drip-irrigated cultivated cucumber grown in substrate bags in Spring is level which yield, nitrate content and PFP of cucumber were ±10% of optimal value.
引文
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[4]SINHA I,BUTTAR G S,BRAR A S.Drip irrigation and fertigation improve economics,water and energy productivity of spring sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)in Indian Punjab.Agricultural Water Management,2017,185:58-64.
[5]WANG X K,XING Y Y.Evaluation of the effects of irrigation and fertilization on tomato fruit yield and quality:A principal component analysis.Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):350.
[6]RAHIL M H,QANADILLO A.Effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and water use efficiency of cucumber crop.Agricultural Water Management,2015,148:10-15.
[7]李银坤,郭文忠,薛绪掌,乔晓军,王利春,陈红,赵倩,陈菲.不同灌溉施肥模式对温室番茄产量、品质及水肥利用的影响.中国农业科学,2017,50(19):3757-3765.LI Y K,GUO W Z,XUE X Z,QIAO X J,WANG L C,CHEN H,ZHAO Q,CHEN F.Effects of different fertigation modes on tomato yield,fruit quality,and water and fertilizer utilization in greenhouse.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(19):3757-3765.(in Chinese)
[8]孙永健,孙园园,蒋明金,李应洪,严奉君,徐徽,王海月,马均.施肥水平对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响.中国农业科学,2016,49(24):4745-4756.SUN Y J,SUN Y Y,JIANG M J,LI Y H,YAN F J,XU H,WANG HY,MA J.Effects of fertilizer levels on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield in rice cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiencies.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(24):4745-4756.(in Chinese)
[9]NANGARE D D,SINGH Y,KUMAR P S,MINHAS P S.Growth,fruit yield and quality of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)as affected by deficit irrigation regulated on phenological basis.Agricultural Water Management,2016,171:73-79.
[10]CAKI R,KANBROGLU-CEBI U,ALTINTAS S,OZDEMIR A.Irrigation scheduling and water use efficiency of cucumber grown as a spring-summer cycle crop in solar greenhouse.Agricultural Water Management,2017,180:78-87.
[11]李静,张富仓,方栋平,李志军,高明霞,王海东,吴东科.水氮供应对滴灌施肥条件下黄瓜生长及水分利用的影响.中国农业科学,2014,47(22):4475-4487.LI J,ZHANG F C,FANG D P,LI Z J,GAO M X,WANG H D,WUD K.Effects of water and nitrogen supply on the growth and water use efficiency of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)under fertigation.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(22):4475-4487.(in Chinese)
[12]张丽莹,王荣莲,张俊生,程兴华,云兴福,于健.水肥耦合对温室无土栽培黄瓜氮代谢的影响.园艺学报,2011,38(5):893-902.ZHANG L Y,WANG R L,ZHANG J S,CHENG X H,YUN X F,YU J.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on nitrogen metabolism of cucumber under soilless culture in greenhouse.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2011,38(5):893-902.(in Chinese)
[13]方栋平,张富仓,李静,王海东,向友珍,张燕.灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响.应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1735-1742.FANG D P,ZHANG F C,LI J,WANG H D,XIANG Y Z,ZHANGY.Effects of irrigation amount and various fertigation methods on yield and quality of cucumber in greenhouse.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(6):1735-1742.(in Chinese)
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