甘蔗制作活性炭去除指定土壤中的硫丹吸附（英文）
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摘要
农药污染对人体健康和环境造成极大的危害,因此,对其吸附现象的研究十分必要。采用间歇平衡法考察了硫丹杀虫剂在10种不同土壤中的吸附性能。吸附系数(Kd)范围为1.4～18μg/mL。白沙瓦土壤由于有机质含量最高(1.4%),其Kd值最高。吉布斯自由能为负值表明土壤与农药的相互作用较低,说明该反应本质上是物理吸附和放热反应。经统计学分析,土壤pH与Kd呈负相关(R~2=–0.77,P=0.03),与有机质呈正相关(R~2=0.96)。从甘蔗渣中提取的活性炭,可去除大量农药。在5×10~(–6)和7.5×10~(–6)浓度的最大去除率分别为93%和97%。以生物质为原料制备的活性炭具有高效、经济的特点。
Pesticide contamination causes precarious implications on human health and environment. Thus the investigation of its sorption phenomenon is highly imperative. Endosulfan insecticide was examined for its adsorption behavior on ten assorted soils through batch equilibrium method. Adsorption coefficient values(Kd) ranged from 1.4 μg/mL to 18 μg/mL. The highest Kd value was obtained for Peshawar soil owing to the presence of highest amount of organic matter(1.4%). Negative values of Gibbs free energy displayed a low interaction between soil and pesticide, exhibiting that the reaction was physiosorption and exothermic in nature. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation of soil pH and Kd(R2=–0.77 and p=0.03) and a positive correlation with organic matter(R~2=0.96). Activated carbon prepared from Saccharum officinarum bagasse removed significant amount pesticide. The maximum removal observed was 93% and 97% in 5×10~(–6) and 7.5×10~(–6), respectively. Activated carbon prepared from biomass for removal purposes was proved to be highly efficient and cost effective.
Pesticide contamination causes precarious implications on human health and environment. Thus the investigation of its sorption phenomenon is highly imperative. Endosulfan insecticide was examined for its adsorption behavior on ten assorted soils through batch equilibrium method. Adsorption coefficient values(Kd) ranged from 1.4 μg/mL to 18 μg/mL. The highest Kd value was obtained for Peshawar soil owing to the presence of highest amount of organic matter(1.4%). Negative values of Gibbs free energy displayed a low interaction between soil and pesticide, exhibiting that the reaction was physiosorption and exothermic in nature. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation of soil pH and Kd(R2=–0.77 and p=0.03) and a positive correlation with organic matter(R~2=0.96). Activated carbon prepared from Saccharum officinarum bagasse removed significant amount pesticide. The maximum removal observed was 93% and 97% in 5×10~(–6) and 7.5×10~(–6), respectively. Activated carbon prepared from biomass for removal purposes was proved to be highly efficient and cost effective.
引文
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[3]PINGALI P L,ROGER P A.Impact of pesticides on farmer health and the rice environment(Vol.7)[M].New York:Springer Science&Business Media,2012.
[4]SARWAR M.The dangers of pesticides associated with public health and preventing of the risks[J].International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering,2015,1(2):130-136.
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[8]SHAHMAT M,SEAMAN A,WOODBINE M.Influence of sodium chloride,p H and temperature on the inhibitory activity of sodium nitrite on L.monocytogenes[M]//GOULD G W,CORRY E L,ed.,Survival in Extremes of Environment,1980:227-237.
[9]GAVRILESCU M.Fate of pesticides in the environment and its bioremediation[J].Engineering in Life Sciences,2005,5(6):497-526.
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[15]BHALERAO T S,PURANIK P R.Biodegradation of organochlorine pesticide,endosulfan,by a fungal soil isolate,Aspergillus niger[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2007,59(4):315-321.
[16]KUMAR M,LAKSHMI C V,KHANNA S.Biodegradation and bioremediation of endosulfan contaminated soil[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(8):3116-3122.
[17]ARSHAD M,HUSSAIN S,SALEEM M.Optimization of environmental parameters for biodegradation of alpha and beta endosulfan in soil slurry by Pseudomonas aeruginosa[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2008,104(2):364-370.
[18]GUPTA V K,ALI I.Removal of endosulfan and methoxychlor from water on carbon slurry[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(3):766-770.
[19]MISHRA P C,PATEL R K.Removal of endosulfan by sal wood charcoal[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(2):730-736.
[20]AHMADPOUR A,DO D D.The preparation of activated carbon from macadamia nutshell by chemical activation[J].Carbon,1997,35:1723-1732.
[21]PUSINO A,FIORI MG,BRASCHI I,GESSA C.Adsorption and desorption of triasulfuron by soil[J].Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry,2003,51:5350-5354.
[22]GARBA A,BASRI H,NASRI N S,ISMAIL A R.Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 Chemical activation[J].ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Science,2016,11(3):1613-1617.
[23]OECD.Guideline for the testing of chemicals.adsorptiondesorption using a batch equilibrium method[S].2005.
[24]AHMAD K S.Green electrokinetic remediation of Thiabendazole adsorbed soils via mineralization[J].Agrochimica,2017,61(3):190-205.
[25]AHMAD K S.Pedospheric sorption investigation of sulfonyl urea herbicide Triasulfuron via regression correlation analysis in selected soils[J].South African Journal of Chemistry,2017,70(1):163-170.
[26]SHARIFF R M.Kinetic and thermodynamic study for Adsorption-Desorption of Diazinon with copper in the presence of Surfactant[J].Global Journal of Science and Frontier Research,2012,12(4):17-31.
[27]XU T,LIU X.Peanut shell activated carbon:characterization,surface modification and adsorption of Pb2+from aqueous solution[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2008,16:401-406.
[28]HASSLER J W.Activated carbon[M].New York,USA:Chemical Publishing Co,1963.
[29]NABIYOUNI G,GHANBARI D.Thermal,magnetic,and optical characteristics of ABS-Fe2O3 nanocomposites[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,125:3268-3274.
[30]AHMAD K S.Evaluating the adsorption potential of Alachlor and its subsequent removal from soils via activated carbon[J].Soil and Sediment Contamination:An International,2018,27:249-266.DOI:10.1080/15320383.2018.1470604.
[31]MICHALKOVA A,GORB L,HILL F,LESZCZYNSKI J.Can the Gibbs free energy of adsorption be predicted efficiently and accurately:An MO5-2X DFT Study[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,2011,115:2423-2430.
[32]IMTIAZ M,ALLOWAY B J,ASLAM M,MEMON M Y,KHAN P,SIDDIQUI S U H,SHAH S K H.Zinc sorption in selected soils[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2006,37:1675-1688.
[33]KHAN A N.Analysis of 2010-flood causes,nature and magnitude in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan[J].Natural Hazards,2013,66:887-904.
[34]UZOMA K C,INOUE M,ANDRY H,FUJIMAKI H,ZAHOOR A,NISHIHARA E.Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition[J].Soil Use and Management,2011,27:205-212.
[35]MAVI M S,MARSCHNER P,CHITTLEBOROUGH D J,COX J W,SANDERMAN J.Salinity and sodicity affect soil respiration and dissolved organic matter dynamics differentially in soils varying in texture[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,45:8-13.
[36]PERALTA R M,AHN C,GILLEVET P M.Characterization of soil bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties in created and natural wetlands[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,443:725-732.
[37]SIDDIQUI M N,MAAJID S.Monitoring of geomorphological changes for planning reclamation work in coastal area of Karachi,Pakistan[J].Advance Space Research,2004,33:1200-1205.
[38]BAUDER T A,WASKOM R M,SUTHERLAND P L,DAVIS J G,FOLLETT R H,SOLTANPOUR P N.Irrigation water quality criteria.Service in action;no.0.506,2011[R].Colorado State University Extension,2011.
[39]RAZA N,NIAZI S B,SAJID M,IQBAL F,ALI M.Studies on relationship between season and inorganic elements of Kallar Kahar Lake(Chakwal),Pakistan[J].Journal of Research Bahauddin Zakariya University,2007,18:61-68.
[40]ZIA H M,AHMED R,KHALIQ I,JAVED H A.Micronutrients status and management in orchards soils:applied aspects[C]//Proceeding of Plant Nutrition Management for Horticultural Crops under Water Stressed Conditions.Quetta,Pakistan:Agriculture Research Institute,Sariab,2004:62-73.
[41]ALVI S,KHALID R,RASHID M,WAHEED A.Soil micronutrient status in Hazro area of district attock,Pakistan[J].Pakistan Journal of Industrial Research Series A Physical Sciences,2011,54(1):45-47.
[42]LAN J,CHENG Y,ZHAO Z,Effective organochlorine pesticides removal from aqueous systems by magnetic nanospheres coated with polystyrene[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Material Sciences Edition,2014,29:168-173.
[43]DORES E F,SPADOTTO C A,WEBER O L,DALLAVILLA R,VECCHIATO A B,PINTO A A.Environmental behavior of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan in a tropical soil in central Brazil[J].Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry,2015,64:3942-3948.
[44]LIU P S,KAO L S,LIN M K.Organophosphates inhibit catecholamine secretion and calcium influx in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells[J].Toxicology,1994,90:81-91.
[45]SHIVARAMAIAH H M.Adsorption,desorption and movement of endosulfan in agricultural soil[J].International Journal of Food,Agriculture and Veterinary Science,2014,4:53-61.
[46]PARKPIAN P,ANURAKPONGSATORN P,PAKKONG P,PATRICK W H Jr.Adsorption,desorption and degradation ofα-endosulfan in tropical soils of Thailand[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health:Part B,1998,33:211-233.
[47]ATASOY A D,MERMUT A R,KUMBUR H,?NCE F,ARSLAN H,AVCI E D.Sorption of alpha and beta hydrophobic endosulfan in a Vertisol from southeast region of Turkey[J].Chemosphere,2009,74:1450-1456.
[48]SINGH R P,SINGH S.Adsorption and movement of endosulfan in soils:A verification of the co-solvent theory and a comparison of batch equilibrium and soil thin layer chromatography results[J].Adsorption Science and Technology,2008,26:185-199.(Edited by HE Yun-bin)
[2]SHEIKH S A.Pesticides and associated impact on human health:A case of small farmers in southern Sindh[J].Pakistan Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences,2011,1(1):82-86.
[3]PINGALI P L,ROGER P A.Impact of pesticides on farmer health and the rice environment(Vol.7)[M].New York:Springer Science&Business Media,2012.
[4]SARWAR M.The dangers of pesticides associated with public health and preventing of the risks[J].International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering,2015,1(2):130-136.
[5]ELDRIDGE B F.Pesticide application and safety training for applicators of public health pesticides[R].Vector-Borne Disease Section,California Department of ublic Health Vector Control Technician Certification Training Manual,Category A,2008.
[6]SYED J H,MALIK R N.Occurrence and source identification of organochlorine pesticides in the surrounding surface soils of Ittehad Chemical Industries Kalashah Kaku,Pakistan[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,62(6):1311-1321.
[7]TARIQ M I,AFZAL S,HUSSAIN I,SULTANA N.Pesticides exposure in Pakistan:A review[J].Environment International,2007,33(8):1107-1122.
[8]SHAHMAT M,SEAMAN A,WOODBINE M.Influence of sodium chloride,p H and temperature on the inhibitory activity of sodium nitrite on L.monocytogenes[M]//GOULD G W,CORRY E L,ed.,Survival in Extremes of Environment,1980:227-237.
[9]GAVRILESCU M.Fate of pesticides in the environment and its bioremediation[J].Engineering in Life Sciences,2005,5(6):497-526.
[10]MUNNECKE D M,JOHNSON H W,TAL B.Microbial metabolism and enzymology of selected pesticides in Biodegradation and the detoxification of environmental pollutants[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,1982.
[11]KUMAR M,PHILIP L.Adsorption and desorption characteristics of hydrophobic pesticide endosulfan in four Indian soils[J].Chemosphere,2006,62:1064-1077.
[12]SAIYED H,DEWAN A,BHATNAGAR V,SHENOY U,SHENOY R,RAJMOHAN R.Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development[J].Environmental Health Perspective,2003,111:1958-1962.
[13]GOEBEL H,GORBACH S,KNAUF W,RIMPAU R H,HUTTENBACH H.Properties,effects,residues,and analytics of the insecticide Endosulfan[M].New York:Springer,1982.
[14]LI W,DAI Y,XUE B,LI Y,PENG X,ZHANG J,YAN Y.Biodegradation and detoxification of endosulfan in aqueous medium and soil by Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain CS5[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,167(1-3):209-216.
[15]BHALERAO T S,PURANIK P R.Biodegradation of organochlorine pesticide,endosulfan,by a fungal soil isolate,Aspergillus niger[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2007,59(4):315-321.
[16]KUMAR M,LAKSHMI C V,KHANNA S.Biodegradation and bioremediation of endosulfan contaminated soil[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(8):3116-3122.
[17]ARSHAD M,HUSSAIN S,SALEEM M.Optimization of environmental parameters for biodegradation of alpha and beta endosulfan in soil slurry by Pseudomonas aeruginosa[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2008,104(2):364-370.
[18]GUPTA V K,ALI I.Removal of endosulfan and methoxychlor from water on carbon slurry[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(3):766-770.
[19]MISHRA P C,PATEL R K.Removal of endosulfan by sal wood charcoal[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(2):730-736.
[20]AHMADPOUR A,DO D D.The preparation of activated carbon from macadamia nutshell by chemical activation[J].Carbon,1997,35:1723-1732.
[21]PUSINO A,FIORI MG,BRASCHI I,GESSA C.Adsorption and desorption of triasulfuron by soil[J].Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry,2003,51:5350-5354.
[22]GARBA A,BASRI H,NASRI N S,ISMAIL A R.Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 Chemical activation[J].ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Science,2016,11(3):1613-1617.
[23]OECD.Guideline for the testing of chemicals.adsorptiondesorption using a batch equilibrium method[S].2005.
[24]AHMAD K S.Green electrokinetic remediation of Thiabendazole adsorbed soils via mineralization[J].Agrochimica,2017,61(3):190-205.
[25]AHMAD K S.Pedospheric sorption investigation of sulfonyl urea herbicide Triasulfuron via regression correlation analysis in selected soils[J].South African Journal of Chemistry,2017,70(1):163-170.
[26]SHARIFF R M.Kinetic and thermodynamic study for Adsorption-Desorption of Diazinon with copper in the presence of Surfactant[J].Global Journal of Science and Frontier Research,2012,12(4):17-31.
[27]XU T,LIU X.Peanut shell activated carbon:characterization,surface modification and adsorption of Pb2+from aqueous solution[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2008,16:401-406.
[28]HASSLER J W.Activated carbon[M].New York,USA:Chemical Publishing Co,1963.
[29]NABIYOUNI G,GHANBARI D.Thermal,magnetic,and optical characteristics of ABS-Fe2O3 nanocomposites[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,125:3268-3274.
[30]AHMAD K S.Evaluating the adsorption potential of Alachlor and its subsequent removal from soils via activated carbon[J].Soil and Sediment Contamination:An International,2018,27:249-266.DOI:10.1080/15320383.2018.1470604.
[31]MICHALKOVA A,GORB L,HILL F,LESZCZYNSKI J.Can the Gibbs free energy of adsorption be predicted efficiently and accurately:An MO5-2X DFT Study[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,2011,115:2423-2430.
[32]IMTIAZ M,ALLOWAY B J,ASLAM M,MEMON M Y,KHAN P,SIDDIQUI S U H,SHAH S K H.Zinc sorption in selected soils[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2006,37:1675-1688.
[33]KHAN A N.Analysis of 2010-flood causes,nature and magnitude in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan[J].Natural Hazards,2013,66:887-904.
[34]UZOMA K C,INOUE M,ANDRY H,FUJIMAKI H,ZAHOOR A,NISHIHARA E.Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition[J].Soil Use and Management,2011,27:205-212.
[35]MAVI M S,MARSCHNER P,CHITTLEBOROUGH D J,COX J W,SANDERMAN J.Salinity and sodicity affect soil respiration and dissolved organic matter dynamics differentially in soils varying in texture[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,45:8-13.
[36]PERALTA R M,AHN C,GILLEVET P M.Characterization of soil bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties in created and natural wetlands[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,443:725-732.
[37]SIDDIQUI M N,MAAJID S.Monitoring of geomorphological changes for planning reclamation work in coastal area of Karachi,Pakistan[J].Advance Space Research,2004,33:1200-1205.
[38]BAUDER T A,WASKOM R M,SUTHERLAND P L,DAVIS J G,FOLLETT R H,SOLTANPOUR P N.Irrigation water quality criteria.Service in action;no.0.506,2011[R].Colorado State University Extension,2011.
[39]RAZA N,NIAZI S B,SAJID M,IQBAL F,ALI M.Studies on relationship between season and inorganic elements of Kallar Kahar Lake(Chakwal),Pakistan[J].Journal of Research Bahauddin Zakariya University,2007,18:61-68.
[40]ZIA H M,AHMED R,KHALIQ I,JAVED H A.Micronutrients status and management in orchards soils:applied aspects[C]//Proceeding of Plant Nutrition Management for Horticultural Crops under Water Stressed Conditions.Quetta,Pakistan:Agriculture Research Institute,Sariab,2004:62-73.
[41]ALVI S,KHALID R,RASHID M,WAHEED A.Soil micronutrient status in Hazro area of district attock,Pakistan[J].Pakistan Journal of Industrial Research Series A Physical Sciences,2011,54(1):45-47.
[42]LAN J,CHENG Y,ZHAO Z,Effective organochlorine pesticides removal from aqueous systems by magnetic nanospheres coated with polystyrene[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Material Sciences Edition,2014,29:168-173.
[43]DORES E F,SPADOTTO C A,WEBER O L,DALLAVILLA R,VECCHIATO A B,PINTO A A.Environmental behavior of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan in a tropical soil in central Brazil[J].Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry,2015,64:3942-3948.
[44]LIU P S,KAO L S,LIN M K.Organophosphates inhibit catecholamine secretion and calcium influx in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells[J].Toxicology,1994,90:81-91.
[45]SHIVARAMAIAH H M.Adsorption,desorption and movement of endosulfan in agricultural soil[J].International Journal of Food,Agriculture and Veterinary Science,2014,4:53-61.
[46]PARKPIAN P,ANURAKPONGSATORN P,PAKKONG P,PATRICK W H Jr.Adsorption,desorption and degradation ofα-endosulfan in tropical soils of Thailand[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health:Part B,1998,33:211-233.
[47]ATASOY A D,MERMUT A R,KUMBUR H,?NCE F,ARSLAN H,AVCI E D.Sorption of alpha and beta hydrophobic endosulfan in a Vertisol from southeast region of Turkey[J].Chemosphere,2009,74:1450-1456.
[48]SINGH R P,SINGH S.Adsorption and movement of endosulfan in soils:A verification of the co-solvent theory and a comparison of batch equilibrium and soil thin layer chromatography results[J].Adsorption Science and Technology,2008,26:185-199.(Edited by HE Yun-bin)
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