低氧条件下A~2/O工艺对城市污水脱氮处理的中试研究
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摘要
以巢湖市某污水处理厂实际污水为处理对象,基于节能降耗的需求开展A~2O工艺中试研究.研究结果表明:当溶解氧从2mg/L降至0.5mg/L时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为80%和90%,去除性能并未受到影响,没有出现亚硝酸积累,而TN的去除率有较大幅度的提升,从15%提升至44%.低溶解氧条件下,温度降低主要对TN去除率产生影响,从夏季的44%下降至冬季的29%,而氨氮的去除率仍维持在90%以上.由于进水碳源不足,出水主要以硝酸盐氮为主,低温脱氮率仅为29%.长期低氧条件下运行,AOB和NOB的优势种属为Nitrosomonadaceae和Nitrospira,相对丰度分别为2.33%和6.40%.系统NOB在数量和动力学性能上均优于AOB,同时发现存在Denitratisoma好氧反硝化菌,其相对丰度为1.59%.研究结果为低氧条件下实现城市污水脱氮提供了理论和实践依据.
A pilot-scale A~2 O process was carried out to treat sewage in a wastewater treatment plant in Chaohu City, aiming to save energy. The results showed that when the dissolved oxygen(DO) decreased from 2mg/L to 0.5mg/L, the removal rates of COD and ammonia were 80% and 90%, respectively, meaning the removal performance was not affected, and no nitrite accumulation occurred, in the meantime, the removal rate of TN increased significantly, from 15% to 44%. Under low DO condition,the decrease of temperature mainly affected the TN removal rate, from 44% in summer to 29% in winter, whereas the removal rate of ammonia was still above 90%. Due to the shortage of carbon source, the nitrogen removal rate was only 29% under low temperature, resulting in a high nitrate concentration in the effluent. Under long-term low DO conditions, the dominant microbial species of AOB and NOB were Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospira, with relative abundance of 2.33% and 6.40% respectively. NOB is superior to AOB in both quantity and kinetic performance. At the same time, Denitratisoma was found with the relative abundance of 1.59%, which was considered as aerobic denitrifying bacteria. These findings provide theoretical and practical support for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater under low DO conditions.
A pilot-scale A~2 O process was carried out to treat sewage in a wastewater treatment plant in Chaohu City, aiming to save energy. The results showed that when the dissolved oxygen(DO) decreased from 2mg/L to 0.5mg/L, the removal rates of COD and ammonia were 80% and 90%, respectively, meaning the removal performance was not affected, and no nitrite accumulation occurred, in the meantime, the removal rate of TN increased significantly, from 15% to 44%. Under low DO condition,the decrease of temperature mainly affected the TN removal rate, from 44% in summer to 29% in winter, whereas the removal rate of ammonia was still above 90%. Due to the shortage of carbon source, the nitrogen removal rate was only 29% under low temperature, resulting in a high nitrate concentration in the effluent. Under long-term low DO conditions, the dominant microbial species of AOB and NOB were Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospira, with relative abundance of 2.33% and 6.40% respectively. NOB is superior to AOB in both quantity and kinetic performance. At the same time, Denitratisoma was found with the relative abundance of 1.59%, which was considered as aerobic denitrifying bacteria. These findings provide theoretical and practical support for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater under low DO conditions.
引文
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[15]曾薇,张丽敏,王安其,等.污水处理系统中硝化菌的菌群结构和动态变化[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3257-3265.Zeng Wei,ZHANG Limin,WANG An-qi,et al.Community structures and population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3257-3265.
[16]信欣,管蕾,姚艺朵,等.低DO下AGS-SBR处理低COD/N生活污水长期运行特征及种群分析[J].环境科学,2016,(6):2259-2265.XIN Xin,GUAN Lei,YAO Yiduo,et al.Long-term performance and bacterial community composition analysis of AGS-SBR treating the low COD/N sewage at low DO concentration condition[J].Environmental Science,2016,(6):2259-2265.
[17]Park S J,Wookeun B,Rittmann B E.Operational boundaries for nitrite accumulation in nitrification based on minimum/maximum substrate concentrations that include effects of oxygen limitation,p H,and free ammonia and free nitrous acid inhibition.[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(1):335-42.
[18]Bartosch S,Wolgast I,Spieck E,et al.Identification of NitriteOxidizing Bacteria with Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing the Nitrite Oxidoreductase[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(9):4126-33.
[2]Grady Jr C P L,Daigger G T,Love N G,et al.Biological Wastewater Treatment[M].CRC press,2011.
[3]Liu G,Wang J.Long-term low DO enriches and shifts nitrifier community in activated sludge[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(10):5109-17.
[4]曹特特,王林,李咏梅.AAO工艺低氧条件下的运行及其模拟[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):219-226.CAO Te-te,WANG Lin,Li Yongmei.Operation of the AAO process under low dissolved oxygen conditions and its simulation[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):219-226.
[5]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.Nation Environmental Protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[6]Liu G,Wang J.Modeling effects of DO and SRT on activated sludge decay and production[J].Water Research,2015,80(169-78).
[7]GB/18918-2002城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准[S].(国家标准)GB/18918-2002 Urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standards[S].(National standard)
[8]高瑶远,彭永臻,包鹏,等.低溶解氧环境下全程硝化活性污泥的特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):171-176.GAO Yao-yuan,PENG Yong-zhen,BAO Peng,et al.The characteristic of activated sludge in nitrifying low-DO reactor[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(5):1769-1774.
[9]王伟,王淑莹,王海东,等.连续流分段进水生物脱氮工艺控制要点及优化[J].环境工程学报,2006,7(10):83-87.WANG Wei,WANG Shuying,WANG Haidong,et al.Factors influencing the step feed biological nitrogen removal process with continuous flow and its optimizing control[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,7(10):83-87.
[10]Plósz B G,Jobbágy A,Grady Jr C P L.Factors influencing deterioration of denitrification by oxygen entering an anoxic reactor through the surface[J].Water Research,2003,37(4):853-863.
[11]Chen Y,Peng C,Wang J,et al.Effect of nitrate recycling ratio on simultaneous biological nutrient removal in a novel anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A~2/O)-biological aerated filter(BAF)system[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5722-5727.
[12]马放,王弘宇,周丹丹.好氧反硝化生物脱氮机理分析及研究进展[J].工业用水与废水,2005,36(2):11-14.MA Fang,WANG Hongyu,Zhou Dandan.An analysis of mechanism of bioremoval of nitrogen by aerobic denitrification process and development of study.Industrial Water&Wastewater,2005,36(2):11-14.
[13]Zielińska M,Bernat K,Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A,et al.Nitrogen removal from wastewater and bacterial diversity in activated sludge at different C/N ratios and dissolved oxygen concentrations[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(6):990-998.
[14]胡国山,张建美,蔡惠军.碳源、C/N和温度对生物反硝化脱氮过程的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(14):74-77.HU Guoshan,ZHANG Jianmei,Cai Jianjun.Effects of C/N and temperature on biological denitrification and denitrification process[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(14):74-77.
[15]曾薇,张丽敏,王安其,等.污水处理系统中硝化菌的菌群结构和动态变化[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3257-3265.Zeng Wei,ZHANG Limin,WANG An-qi,et al.Community structures and population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3257-3265.
[16]信欣,管蕾,姚艺朵,等.低DO下AGS-SBR处理低COD/N生活污水长期运行特征及种群分析[J].环境科学,2016,(6):2259-2265.XIN Xin,GUAN Lei,YAO Yiduo,et al.Long-term performance and bacterial community composition analysis of AGS-SBR treating the low COD/N sewage at low DO concentration condition[J].Environmental Science,2016,(6):2259-2265.
[17]Park S J,Wookeun B,Rittmann B E.Operational boundaries for nitrite accumulation in nitrification based on minimum/maximum substrate concentrations that include effects of oxygen limitation,p H,and free ammonia and free nitrous acid inhibition.[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(1):335-42.
[18]Bartosch S,Wolgast I,Spieck E,et al.Identification of NitriteOxidizing Bacteria with Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing the Nitrite Oxidoreductase[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(9):4126-33.
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