Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3复合材料放电等离子烧结制备与力学性能
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摘要
以Ta粉、Al粉、TaC粉末为原料,针对摩尔比n(Ta):n(Al):n(TaC)=1:1.4:1的体系额外加入质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%的TaC粉末,利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)法原位合成Ta_2AlC陶瓷复合材料。结果表明:摩尔比为n(Ta):n(Al):n(TaC)=1:1.4:1的体系可以合成高纯度Ta_2AlC陶瓷,并随着TaC含量的增加,体系中Ta_4AlC_3不断增多,表明Ta_2AlC与TaC高温下发生反应转变成Ta_4AlC_3。SPS法可以制备出细晶Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3复合材料,Ta_4AlC_3含量的变化可以显著改变材料的力学性能,添加20%TaC制备的Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3复合材料力学性能最为突出,其弯曲强度、压缩强度、断裂韧性分别为753.84 MPa、1 029.55 MPa和7.65 MPa·m1/2,细晶强化和复合材料中同类的MAX第二相相互交叠强化是Ta_2AlC–Ta4Al C3复合材料具备高力学性能的主要原因。
Dense and bulk Ta_2AlC matrix composites were synthesized by spark plasma sintering/in-situ reaction method using the mixture powers of Ta, Al and TaC as raw materials. The molar ratios of n(Ta):n(Al):n(TaC)=1:1.4:1 with excess TaC mass fraction of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% were investigated. It is found that high-purity Ta_2AlC ceramic can be fabricated by using the ratios of n(Ta):n(Al):n(TaC)=1:1.4:1, and excess TaC yields the formation of Ta4 Al C3. Ta_2AlC reacts with TaC at high temperature, resulting in forming Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3 composite materials. The different excess contents of TaC can significantly change the mechanical properties. The Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3 composited with 20% TaC addition exhibits the highest mechanical properties. The flexural strength, compressive strength and fracture toughness are 753.84 MPa, 1 029.55 MPa and 7.65 MPa·m1/2, respectively. And the interaction of refined crystalline strengthening and complementation strengthening of MAX phase are the key reasons for the high mechanical properties of Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3 composites.
Dense and bulk Ta_2AlC matrix composites were synthesized by spark plasma sintering/in-situ reaction method using the mixture powers of Ta, Al and TaC as raw materials. The molar ratios of n(Ta):n(Al):n(TaC)=1:1.4:1 with excess TaC mass fraction of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% were investigated. It is found that high-purity Ta_2AlC ceramic can be fabricated by using the ratios of n(Ta):n(Al):n(TaC)=1:1.4:1, and excess TaC yields the formation of Ta4 Al C3. Ta_2AlC reacts with TaC at high temperature, resulting in forming Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3 composite materials. The different excess contents of TaC can significantly change the mechanical properties. The Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3 composited with 20% TaC addition exhibits the highest mechanical properties. The flexural strength, compressive strength and fracture toughness are 753.84 MPa, 1 029.55 MPa and 7.65 MPa·m1/2, respectively. And the interaction of refined crystalline strengthening and complementation strengthening of MAX phase are the key reasons for the high mechanical properties of Ta_2AlC–Ta_4AlC_3 composites.
引文
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[2]BARSOUM M W,EL-RAGHY T.The MAX Phases:Unique new carbide and nitride materials:Ternary ceramics turn out to be surprisingly soft and machinable,yet also heat-tolerant,strong and lightweight[J].Am Scientist,2001,89(4):334-343.
[3]BARSOUM M W,RADOVIC M.Elastic and Mechanical Properties of the MAX Phases[J].Annu Rev Mater Res,2010,41(41):195-227.
[4]BARSOUM M W,RADOVIC M.Mechanical Properties of the MAXPhases[J].Encyclopedia Mater Sci Technol,2004,160(s1):1-16.
[5]DU Y L,SUN D M,HASHIMOTO H,et al.Bonding properties and bulk modulus of M4AlC3(M=V,Nb,and Ta)studied by first-principles calculations[J].Phys Status Solidi,2009,246(5):1039-1043
[6]GUPTA S,FILIMONOV D,BARSOUM M W.Isothermal oxidation of Ta2AlC in air[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2010,89(9):2974-2976.
[7]LANE N J,NAGUIB M,PRESSER V,et al.First-order Raman scattering of the MAX phases Ta4AlC3,Nb4AlC3,Ti4AlN3,and Ta2AlC[J].J Raman Spectrosc,2012,43(7):954-958.
[8]YEH C L,CHEN Y S.Effects of Al content on formation of TaC,Ta2C,and Ta2AlC by combustion synthesis with aluminothermic reactions[J].Ceram Int,2017,43(17):15659-15665.
[9]ETZKORN J,M ADE,H HILLEBRECHT.Ta3AlC2 and Ta4AlC3-Single-crystal investigations of two new ternary carbides of tantalum synthesized by the molten metal technique[J].Inorg Chem,2007,46(4):1410-1418.
[10]YEH C L,SHEN Y G.Effects of Al Content on formation of Ta2Al Cby self-propagating high-temperature synthesis[J].J Alloy Compd,2009,482(s1/2):219-223.
[11]HU C F,ZHANG J,BAO Y W,et al.In-situ Reaction Synthesis and Decomposition of Ta2AlC[J].Int J Mater Res,2008,99(1):8-13.
[12]HU C F,HE L F,ZHANG J,et al.Microstructure and properties of bulk Ta2AlC ceramic synthesized by an in situ reaction/hot pressing method[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2008,28(8):679-1685
[13]刘军芳,傅正义,王皓.放电等离子烧结氮化铝透明陶瓷的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,2004,23(6):12-14.LIU Junfang,FU Zhengyi,WANG Hao.J Chin Ceram Soc,2004,23(6):12-14.
[14]SEGALL M D,LINDAN P J D,PROBERT M J,et al.First-principles simulation:Ideas,illustrations and the CASTEPcode[J].J Phys Condens Matter,2002,14(11):2717-2744.
[15]CLARK S J,SEGALL M D,PICKARD C J,et al.First principles methods using CASTEP[J].Zeitschrift für Kristallographie,2005,220(5/6):567-570.
[16]EKLUND P,PALMQUIST J P,HOWING J,et al.Ta4AlC3:Phase determination,polymorphism and deformation[J].Acta Mater,2007,55(14):4723-4729.
[17]HU C,LIN Z,HE L,et al.Physical and mechanical properties of bulk Ta4AlC3 ceramic prepared by an in situ reaction synthesis/hot-pressing method[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2010,90(8):2542-2548.
[18]MANOUN B,SAXENA S K,EL-RAGHY T,et al.High-pressure X-ray diffraction study of Ta4AlC3[J].Appl Phys Lett,2006,88(20):201902.
[19]HU C,LI F,HE L,et al.In situ reaction synthesis,electrical and thermal,and mechanical properties of Nb4AlC3[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2008,91(7):2258-2263.
[20]JIANG W,SHI L,WANG L,et al.In situ fabrication of TiC/Ti3Al/Ti2AlC composite by spark plasma sintering technology[J].JCeram Soc Jpn,2010,118(1382):872-875.
[21]卢雪飞,梅炳初,周卫兵,等.放电等离子制备Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料及性能[J].硅酸盐学报,2007,35(5):648-652.LU Xuefei,MEI Bingchu,ZHOU Weibing,et al.J Chin Ceram Soc,2007,35(5):648-652.
[22]朱文彬.Ta2AlC陶瓷的制备与性能研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2011.ZHU Wenbin.Research on the synthesis and properties of Ta2Al C(in Chinese,dissertation),Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2011.
[23]GILBERT C J,BLOYER D R,BARSOUM M W,et al.Fatigue-crack growth and fracture properties of coarse and fine-grained Ti[J].Scripta Mater,2000,42(8):761-767.