基于负煤柱巷道布置的煤矿冲击地压防治技术研究
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摘要
为了解决华丰煤矿冲击地压频发、破坏严重的安全生产难题,采用理论分析、相似模拟、数值模拟等综合研究方法,分析了华丰煤矿冲击地压发生的影响因素,在此基础上,提出了"负煤柱"理念,作为一种有效的防冲开采技术,对负煤柱巷道布置防治冲击地压机理进行了分析研究,并提出了负煤柱开采保护层的防冲新方法。研究结果表明:巨厚砾岩层、煤层埋深是华丰煤矿冲击地压的动力能量来源;在高应力作用下,回采工作面会形成煤柱型冲击地压,而煤层倾角32°是造成工作面上平巷冲击地压频发的原因;负煤柱巷道布置开采突破了巷道承载与埋深相关的常识性束缚,负煤柱开采保护层的新方法实现了被保护层充分、连续卸压;生产实践中,结合负煤柱巷道布置开采的矿山压力显现特征,工作面巷道变形得到有效控制,工作面推进速度显著提高,实现了冲击地压的"有震无害"及冲击地压工作面的安全开采。
In order to solve the serious damage safety production problems of the mine rock bursts frequently occurred in Huafeng Mine,a theoretical analysis,similar simulation,numerical simulation and other comprehensive study method were applied to study and analyze the factors affected to the mine rock bursts occurred in Huafeng Mine. Based on the circumstances,a " negative coal pillar" idea was provided and could be an effective mining technology with the rock burst prevention. An analysis and study was conducted on the rock burst prevention mechanism of the negative coal pillar gateway layout. The paper stated the new characteristics of the overburden strata migration in the negative coal pillar gateway layout. A new method of the protective layer for the non pillar mining was provided. The study result showed that the geological tectonics and the seam depth would be the dynamic energy sources of the mine rock burst in Huafeng Mine. Under the function of the high stress,the coal mining face in Huafeng Mine would appear a coal pillar type rock burst and the 32° inclination of the seam would be the cause of the mine rock bursts frequently occurred in the top gateway of the coal mining face. It was found that the load of the gateway was only related to the height of the caving zone and could change the common sense understanding on the seam depth related. The new method of the protective layer for the non coal pillar mining could realize the protected layer to have fully and continuously the pressure released. In the production practices,in combination with the two methods of the mining with the negative coal pillar gateway layout and the non coal pillar mining with the protective layer,the gateway deformation of the coal mining face was effectively controlled and the pushing rate of the coal mining face was obviously improved. The rock burst seam with "seismic and non-damage"was realized and the safety mining of the coal mining face with the rock burst was realized.
In order to solve the serious damage safety production problems of the mine rock bursts frequently occurred in Huafeng Mine,a theoretical analysis,similar simulation,numerical simulation and other comprehensive study method were applied to study and analyze the factors affected to the mine rock bursts occurred in Huafeng Mine. Based on the circumstances,a " negative coal pillar" idea was provided and could be an effective mining technology with the rock burst prevention. An analysis and study was conducted on the rock burst prevention mechanism of the negative coal pillar gateway layout. The paper stated the new characteristics of the overburden strata migration in the negative coal pillar gateway layout. A new method of the protective layer for the non pillar mining was provided. The study result showed that the geological tectonics and the seam depth would be the dynamic energy sources of the mine rock burst in Huafeng Mine. Under the function of the high stress,the coal mining face in Huafeng Mine would appear a coal pillar type rock burst and the 32° inclination of the seam would be the cause of the mine rock bursts frequently occurred in the top gateway of the coal mining face. It was found that the load of the gateway was only related to the height of the caving zone and could change the common sense understanding on the seam depth related. The new method of the protective layer for the non coal pillar mining could realize the protected layer to have fully and continuously the pressure released. In the production practices,in combination with the two methods of the mining with the negative coal pillar gateway layout and the non coal pillar mining with the protective layer,the gateway deformation of the coal mining face was effectively controlled and the pushing rate of the coal mining face was obviously improved. The rock burst seam with "seismic and non-damage"was realized and the safety mining of the coal mining face with the rock burst was realized.
引文
[1]窦林名,何学秋.冲击地压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
[2]冯飞胜,成云海,孙振平,等.基于覆岩空间结构理论的矿压特征分析及应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(9):36-41.FENG Feisheng,CHENG Yunhai,SUN Zhenping,et al. Prediction and application of underground pressure feature based on overlying strata spatial structures theory[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(9):36-41.
[3]姜耀东,赵毅鑫.我国煤矿冲击地压的研究现状:机制、预警与控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2188-2204.JIANG Yaodong,ZHAO Yixin. State of the art:investigation on mechanism,forecastand control of coal bumps in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2188-2204.
[4]杨随木,张宁博,刘军,等.断层冲击地压发生机理研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(10):6-9,27.YANG Suimu,ZHANG Ningbo,LIU Jun,et al.Research on mechanism of fault rock burst[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(10):6-9,27.
[5]齐庆新,李晓璐,赵善坤.煤矿冲击地压应力控制理论与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):1-5.QI Qingxin,LI Xiaolu,ZHAO Shankun. Theory and practices on stress control of mine pressure bumping[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):1-5.
[6]李少刚.综放采场覆岩大结构移动规律及失稳冲击灾害防治研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2006.
[7]王志强,郭晓菲,高运,等.华丰煤矿覆岩离层注浆减沉技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):3249-3255.WANG Zhiqiang,GUO Xiaofei,GAO Yun,et al. Study of grouting technology of overburden-separation to reduce ground subsidence in Huafeng Coal Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):3249-3255.
[8]王志强,范新民,赵景礼.一种采场覆岩离层的注浆减沉方法:中国,201310079476.4[P].2013-07-24.
[9]王志强,郭晓菲,高运,等.华丰煤矿覆岩离层注浆减沉技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):3249-3255.WANG Zhiqiang,GUO Xiaofei,GAO Yun,et al. Study of grouting thchnology of overburden separation to reduce ground subsidence in Huafeng Coal Mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):3249-3255.
[10]俞启香,程远平,蒋承林,等.高瓦斯特厚煤层煤与卸压瓦斯共采原理及实践[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):127-131.YU Qixiang,CHENG Yuanping,JIANG Chenglin,et al.Principles and applications of exploitation of coal and pressure relief gas in thick and higher gas seams[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):127-131.
[11]程远平,俞启香,袁亮,等.煤与远程卸压瓦斯安全高效共采试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):132-136.CHENG Yuanping,YU Qixiang,YUAN Liang,et al.Experimental research of safe and highly efficient exploitation of coal and pressure relief gas in long distance[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):132-136.
[12]国家煤矿安全监察局.国有煤矿瓦斯治理规定[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.
[13]国家煤矿安全监察局.防治煤与瓦斯突出规定[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2009.
[14]王存文,姜福兴,王平,等.煤柱诱发冲击地压的微震事件分布特征与力学机理[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1169-1173.WANG Cunwen,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Ping,et al. Microseismic events distribution characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of rock bursting induced by a coalpillar[J]Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1169-1173.
[15]缪协兴,孙海,吴志刚.徐州东部软岩矿区冲击地压机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):428-431.MIAO Xiexing,SUN Hai,WU Zhigang.Analysis of the mechanism of rock burst in the soft rock mining area in easternXuzhou[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1999, 18(4):428-431.
[16] BODZIONY J,LAMA R D.Sudden outbursts of gas and coal in underground coal mines[R].ACARP,1996:309-311.
[17] HALBAUM H W. Discussion of J Gerrard’s paper,“Instantaneous outbursts”[J]. Trans Inst Min Engrs,1989,18:258-265.
[18] BRIGGS H.Characteristics of outbursts of gas in mines[J]. Trans Instn Min Engrs,1920,61:119-146.
[19] LOIRET J,Laligant G.Review of facts and observations egulations for mines with outbursts[R]. 1923:24.
[20] PESCOD R. Rock bursts in the western portions of the South Wales Coalfield[J].Trans Instn Min Engrs,1948,107:512-549.
[21] SKOCHINSKI A A.Modern concepts of the nature sudden outbursts of gas and coal and control techniques[J].Ugol,1954,7:4-10.
[22] BYKOV L N. Theory and practice of control of outbursts of gas and coal in mines[J].Ugol,1958,4:14-19.
[23] HARGRAVES A J.Instantaneous outbursts of coal and gas:a review[J].Proc Australas Inst Min Metal,1983,285:1-37.
[24]周世宁,林柏泉.煤层瓦斯赋存及流动规律[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998:14-16,69.
[25]于不凡.煤和瓦斯突出机理[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1985.
[26]乔建永,王志强,赵景礼.一种应用区域动力规划控制矿井动力能量来源的方法[P].中国专利:ZL 2012102259100.2014-08-20.
[27]史元伟著.采煤工作面围岩控制原理和技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[28]乔建永,王志强,赵景礼.无煤柱采煤方法在下保护层开采中的应用:ZL 201310167178.0[P].2015-08-12.
[2]冯飞胜,成云海,孙振平,等.基于覆岩空间结构理论的矿压特征分析及应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(9):36-41.FENG Feisheng,CHENG Yunhai,SUN Zhenping,et al. Prediction and application of underground pressure feature based on overlying strata spatial structures theory[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(9):36-41.
[3]姜耀东,赵毅鑫.我国煤矿冲击地压的研究现状:机制、预警与控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2188-2204.JIANG Yaodong,ZHAO Yixin. State of the art:investigation on mechanism,forecastand control of coal bumps in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2188-2204.
[4]杨随木,张宁博,刘军,等.断层冲击地压发生机理研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(10):6-9,27.YANG Suimu,ZHANG Ningbo,LIU Jun,et al.Research on mechanism of fault rock burst[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(10):6-9,27.
[5]齐庆新,李晓璐,赵善坤.煤矿冲击地压应力控制理论与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):1-5.QI Qingxin,LI Xiaolu,ZHAO Shankun. Theory and practices on stress control of mine pressure bumping[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):1-5.
[6]李少刚.综放采场覆岩大结构移动规律及失稳冲击灾害防治研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2006.
[7]王志强,郭晓菲,高运,等.华丰煤矿覆岩离层注浆减沉技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):3249-3255.WANG Zhiqiang,GUO Xiaofei,GAO Yun,et al. Study of grouting technology of overburden-separation to reduce ground subsidence in Huafeng Coal Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):3249-3255.
[8]王志强,范新民,赵景礼.一种采场覆岩离层的注浆减沉方法:中国,201310079476.4[P].2013-07-24.
[9]王志强,郭晓菲,高运,等.华丰煤矿覆岩离层注浆减沉技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):3249-3255.WANG Zhiqiang,GUO Xiaofei,GAO Yun,et al. Study of grouting thchnology of overburden separation to reduce ground subsidence in Huafeng Coal Mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):3249-3255.
[10]俞启香,程远平,蒋承林,等.高瓦斯特厚煤层煤与卸压瓦斯共采原理及实践[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):127-131.YU Qixiang,CHENG Yuanping,JIANG Chenglin,et al.Principles and applications of exploitation of coal and pressure relief gas in thick and higher gas seams[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):127-131.
[11]程远平,俞启香,袁亮,等.煤与远程卸压瓦斯安全高效共采试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):132-136.CHENG Yuanping,YU Qixiang,YUAN Liang,et al.Experimental research of safe and highly efficient exploitation of coal and pressure relief gas in long distance[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):132-136.
[12]国家煤矿安全监察局.国有煤矿瓦斯治理规定[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.
[13]国家煤矿安全监察局.防治煤与瓦斯突出规定[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2009.
[14]王存文,姜福兴,王平,等.煤柱诱发冲击地压的微震事件分布特征与力学机理[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1169-1173.WANG Cunwen,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Ping,et al. Microseismic events distribution characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of rock bursting induced by a coalpillar[J]Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1169-1173.
[15]缪协兴,孙海,吴志刚.徐州东部软岩矿区冲击地压机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):428-431.MIAO Xiexing,SUN Hai,WU Zhigang.Analysis of the mechanism of rock burst in the soft rock mining area in easternXuzhou[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1999, 18(4):428-431.
[16] BODZIONY J,LAMA R D.Sudden outbursts of gas and coal in underground coal mines[R].ACARP,1996:309-311.
[17] HALBAUM H W. Discussion of J Gerrard’s paper,“Instantaneous outbursts”[J]. Trans Inst Min Engrs,1989,18:258-265.
[18] BRIGGS H.Characteristics of outbursts of gas in mines[J]. Trans Instn Min Engrs,1920,61:119-146.
[19] LOIRET J,Laligant G.Review of facts and observations egulations for mines with outbursts[R]. 1923:24.
[20] PESCOD R. Rock bursts in the western portions of the South Wales Coalfield[J].Trans Instn Min Engrs,1948,107:512-549.
[21] SKOCHINSKI A A.Modern concepts of the nature sudden outbursts of gas and coal and control techniques[J].Ugol,1954,7:4-10.
[22] BYKOV L N. Theory and practice of control of outbursts of gas and coal in mines[J].Ugol,1958,4:14-19.
[23] HARGRAVES A J.Instantaneous outbursts of coal and gas:a review[J].Proc Australas Inst Min Metal,1983,285:1-37.
[24]周世宁,林柏泉.煤层瓦斯赋存及流动规律[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998:14-16,69.
[25]于不凡.煤和瓦斯突出机理[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1985.
[26]乔建永,王志强,赵景礼.一种应用区域动力规划控制矿井动力能量来源的方法[P].中国专利:ZL 2012102259100.2014-08-20.
[27]史元伟著.采煤工作面围岩控制原理和技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[28]乔建永,王志强,赵景礼.无煤柱采煤方法在下保护层开采中的应用:ZL 201310167178.0[P].2015-08-12.
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