重庆市重污染次级河流伏牛溪水污染控制与水质改善
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摘要
针对重庆市部分次级河流耗氧污染物负荷高、水动力学弱化、河流生态系统退化等问题,选取重庆市典型次级河流伏牛溪为研究对象,以水质目标管理为指导思想,开展重污染河流水污染控制与水质改善研究。以V类水为水质目标,通过划分治理单元,开展河流水环境容量核算,分别提出基于现状条件、规划用地及上游补水2种情景下的污染负荷削减计算;根据削减负荷分配的结果,提出各个治理单元的污染负荷削减目标与治理措施,并开展目标可达性分析。治理工程实施后,重庆市伏牛溪水体中主要污染物的平均浓度及年达标率满足考核要求,该方案为我国山地城市重污染河流的水环境治理提供很好的参考。
Aiming at the problems of high oxygen consumption loading, weak hydraulic conditions, andecosystem degradation about the heavily polluted tributary river in Chongqing city of China, Funiu stream wasselected as a case to study its pollution control and water quality improvement for launching the systematicmanagement method based on water quality goal. This method was carried out according to a four-step sequence,i. e., diagnosing water environment issues, calculating water environment capacity and allocating for mainpollutants loads, implementing measurements and assessing their effects on pollution loads reduction. Then,taking the class V standard as the target, the water environment capacity of the river was calculated based on thedivision of control units. Moreover, for three control units in Funiu stream basin, their pollution load reductionswere estimated based on current conditions, future planning land and replenishment from upstream. Accordingto above results, the corresponding pollution reduction target and management measurements were proposed foreach control unit, and the target accessibility was also assessed. After the implementation of these managementprojects, the average concentrations of main pollutants and annual compliance rates for Funiu stream could meetthe assessment requiremnent. This method could provide a good insight for pollution control and water qualityimprovement of the mountain rivers in China.
Aiming at the problems of high oxygen consumption loading, weak hydraulic conditions, andecosystem degradation about the heavily polluted tributary river in Chongqing city of China, Funiu stream wasselected as a case to study its pollution control and water quality improvement for launching the systematicmanagement method based on water quality goal. This method was carried out according to a four-step sequence,i. e., diagnosing water environment issues, calculating water environment capacity and allocating for mainpollutants loads, implementing measurements and assessing their effects on pollution loads reduction. Then,taking the class V standard as the target, the water environment capacity of the river was calculated based on thedivision of control units. Moreover, for three control units in Funiu stream basin, their pollution load reductionswere estimated based on current conditions, future planning land and replenishment from upstream. Accordingto above results, the corresponding pollution reduction target and management measurements were proposed foreach control unit, and the target accessibility was also assessed. After the implementation of these managementprojects, the average concentrations of main pollutants and annual compliance rates for Funiu stream could meetthe assessment requiremnent. This method could provide a good insight for pollution control and water qualityimprovement of the mountain rivers in China.
引文
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[27]WENDI G,DONALD G,JOHN M.Bioengineering Case Studies:Sustainable Stream Bank and Slope Stabilization[M].New York:Springer,2014:111-137.
[28]夏继红,严忠民.生态河岸带综合评价理论与修复技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:53-58.
[29]王涛,张萌,张柱,等.基于控制单元的水环境容量核算研究:以锦江流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):283-287.
[30]刘兰芬,张祥伟,夏军.河流水环境容量预测方法研究[J].水利学报,1998,29(7):16-20.
[31]周雯,任秀文,李适宇.TMDL中MOS的定量估算方法及其应用[J].新疆环境保护,2011,33(2):21-28.
[32]孔亮集.山地城市不透水面对地表径流的影响与减流途径:以重庆市两江新区为例[D].北京:北京大学,2013.
[33]龚钊.基于地表径流和水土流失分析的城市新区开发过程优化:以重庆市两江新区中嘴河流域为例[D].北京:北京大学,2013.
[34]孙亚兵,冯景伟,田园春,等.自动增氧型潜流人工湿地处理农村生活污水的研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):404-408
[35]刘燕,尹澄清,车伍.植草沟在城市面源污染控制系统的应用[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(3):334-339.
[36]马小杰.蚯蚓生态滤池工艺研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.
[37]马强,高明瑜,谭伟,等.新型生态浮岛在改善水质中的作用及生物膜载体微生物特征研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1596-1601.
[2]STEINMAN A D,OGDAHL M E.TMDL reevaluation:Reconciling internal phosphorus load reductions in a eutrophic lake[J].Lake&Reservoir Management,2015,31(2):115-126.
[3]CLARKE R T.Estimating confidence of European WFD ecological status class and WISER bioassessment uncertainty guidance software(WISERBUGS)[J].Hydrobiologia,2013,704(1):39-56.
[4]赵华林,郭启民,黄小赠.日本水环境保护及总量控制技术与政策的启示:日本水污染物总量控制考察报告[J].环境保护,2007,35(24):82-87.
[5]张晓玲,梁中耀,刘永,等.流域水质目标管理的风险识别与对策研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2660-2667.
[6]雷坤,孟伟,乔飞,富国,等.控制单元水质目标管理技术及应用案例研究[J].中国工程科学,2013,15(3):62-69.
[7]单保庆,王超,李叙勇,等.基于水质目标管理的河流治理方案制定方法及其案例研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2314-2323.
[8]高永年,高俊峰,陈坰烽,等.太湖流域典型区污染控制单元划分及其水环境载荷评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):335-340.
[9]单保庆,张洪,唐文忠,等.河流污染治理任务路线图制定方法及其在海河流域的应用[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2297-2305.
[10]李放,罗晓容.三峡库区重庆段水资源承载力研究[J].人民长江,2010,41(21):35-38.
[11]重庆市人民政府.重庆市创建国家环境保护模范城市规划(2010-2013年)[EB/OL].(2010-05-08)[2017-12-01].http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/17012788.html.
[12]重庆市环境保护局.2011年重庆市环境统计公报[EB/OL].(2012-07-04)[2017-12-01].http://cepb.gov.cn/doc/2012/07/04/13835.shtml.
[13]杜利琼,夏非,张永战,等.山区小流域污染与治理对策研究:以重庆市梁滩河流域为例[J].水资源保护,2010,26(4):70-75.
[14]饶碧华,韩冰,姜文超,等.重庆市城市河流管理对策的探讨:以桃花溪为例[J].重庆建筑,2009,8(8):20-23.
[15]孙姝.城市流域水环境治理评价与治理措施改善:以重庆盘溪河流域为例[D].北京:北京大学,2013.
[16]魏俊,王银龙,陶如钧,等.重庆市清水溪高滩岩生态修复一期工程设计[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(2):30-33.
[17]姜文超,饶碧华,张智,等.山地城市河流健康内涵及评价[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2009,31(3):104-108.
[18]王沛芳,王超,李智勇.山区城市河流生态环境需水量计算模式及其应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(5):500-503.
[19]冯义龙.重庆市主城区两江消落区植被调查及其景观配置[D].重庆:西南大学,2006.
[20]廖宇.山地城市次级河流自然复氧技术试验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.
[21]重庆市环境保护局.重庆市环境保护局关于调整重庆市部分地表水域适用功能类别的通知:渝府发[2007]15号[EB/OL].(2007-02-26)[2017-12-01].http://jp.cq.gov.cn/publicity_shbj/cxjshjbh/hjjcbhyzl/292614.
[22]重庆市人民政府.重庆市人民政府关于大渡口区分区规划的批复:渝府[2005]119号[EB/OL].(2007-02-26)[2017-12-01].http://www.chinalawedu.com/falvfagui/fg22598/69489.shtml.
[23]重庆市人民政府办公厅.重庆市人民政府办公厅关于印发重庆市次级河流综合整治工作考核暂行办法的通知:渝办发[2009]311号[EB/OL].(2009-11-05)[2017-12-01].http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/default_result.aspx.
[24]重庆市大渡口区人民政府.重庆市大渡口区人民政府《关于全区地表水域适用功能类别划分调整方案的批复》:大渡口府函[2010]1674号[EB/OL].(2006-10-23)[2017-12-01].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/9840af4f2b160b4e767fcf24.html.
[25]国家环境保护总局.中华人民共和国地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[26]Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group.Stream Corridor Restoration:Principles,Processes,and Practices[M].North Charleston:Create Space Independent Publishing Platform,2015:116-123.
[27]WENDI G,DONALD G,JOHN M.Bioengineering Case Studies:Sustainable Stream Bank and Slope Stabilization[M].New York:Springer,2014:111-137.
[28]夏继红,严忠民.生态河岸带综合评价理论与修复技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:53-58.
[29]王涛,张萌,张柱,等.基于控制单元的水环境容量核算研究:以锦江流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):283-287.
[30]刘兰芬,张祥伟,夏军.河流水环境容量预测方法研究[J].水利学报,1998,29(7):16-20.
[31]周雯,任秀文,李适宇.TMDL中MOS的定量估算方法及其应用[J].新疆环境保护,2011,33(2):21-28.
[32]孔亮集.山地城市不透水面对地表径流的影响与减流途径:以重庆市两江新区为例[D].北京:北京大学,2013.
[33]龚钊.基于地表径流和水土流失分析的城市新区开发过程优化:以重庆市两江新区中嘴河流域为例[D].北京:北京大学,2013.
[34]孙亚兵,冯景伟,田园春,等.自动增氧型潜流人工湿地处理农村生活污水的研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):404-408
[35]刘燕,尹澄清,车伍.植草沟在城市面源污染控制系统的应用[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(3):334-339.
[36]马小杰.蚯蚓生态滤池工艺研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.
[37]马强,高明瑜,谭伟,等.新型生态浮岛在改善水质中的作用及生物膜载体微生物特征研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1596-1601.
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