某铅锌尾矿库周边农田土壤重金属污染状况及风险评价
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摘要
为研究广东省某铅锌尾矿库周边农田土壤重金属污染状况及评价重金属污染对农田土壤的风险,测试分析了土壤中重金属元素Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、Ni和As的含量,并采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和模糊综合评价法3种评价方法对土壤重金属污染进行风险评价。结果表明,稻田土壤中的重金属含量高于蔬菜地土壤,部分土壤样品中的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、As含量已超过土壤环境质量标准二级标准值,Cr含量均未超标,重金属超标率顺序为:Cd>Zn>As>Pb>Ni>Cu。相关性分析表明农田土壤中各重金属含量之间都有极显著的相关性,主成分分析表明Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、As是当地农田土壤环境质量的主要影响因子。3种评价方法的结果存在差异,内梅罗综合污染指数法和模糊综合评价法的结果显示农田土壤重金属污染处于重度污染程度;而潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明土壤重金属污染处于中等潜在生态危害程度。根据分析和评价结果认为农田土壤受到多种重金属的复合污染,其中Cd污染最严重,重金属对农田存在某种程度的风险,评价方法各有其侧重点,人们在评价重金属污染土壤时要根据评价目的选择合适的评价方法。
In order to study the heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils surrounding a Pb-Zn tailing pond in Guangdong Province and evaluate the risk of heavy metals to the agricultural soils, the contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As in the soils were analyzed. The risk of heavy metals to the agricultural soils was assessed via three methods:the Nemerow index method, potential ecological risk index method,and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the contents of heavy metals in paddy soils were higher than those in vegetable plantation soils. The contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and As in some soil samples were higher than the criteria of environmental quality standards for agricultural soils, whereas the Cr contents were lower than the critical level. The exceeded rate decreased in the order of Cd>Zn>As>Pb>Ni>Cu. Correlation analysis showed that extremely significant correlations existed among heavy metal contents in the soils, and principal component analysis showed that Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and As were dominant factors of soil environmental quality in the study areas.Based on the three evaluation methods, we concluded that the results of the Nemerow index method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method showed that the soils were in the degree of heavy pollution, whereas the potential ecological risk index showed that the soils were classified as moderate potential ecological risk. According to the analysis of contents and risk assessment of heavy metals in contaminated soil, the farmland soil was contaminated by a variety of heavy metals, with Cd pollution the most serious. There was some degree of heavy metal risk to the farmland soil. Each evaluation method has its advantages. The appropriate method for evaluating heavy metal pollution of soil should be carefully chosen based on the evaluation purpose.
In order to study the heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils surrounding a Pb-Zn tailing pond in Guangdong Province and evaluate the risk of heavy metals to the agricultural soils, the contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As in the soils were analyzed. The risk of heavy metals to the agricultural soils was assessed via three methods:the Nemerow index method, potential ecological risk index method,and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the contents of heavy metals in paddy soils were higher than those in vegetable plantation soils. The contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and As in some soil samples were higher than the criteria of environmental quality standards for agricultural soils, whereas the Cr contents were lower than the critical level. The exceeded rate decreased in the order of Cd>Zn>As>Pb>Ni>Cu. Correlation analysis showed that extremely significant correlations existed among heavy metal contents in the soils, and principal component analysis showed that Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and As were dominant factors of soil environmental quality in the study areas.Based on the three evaluation methods, we concluded that the results of the Nemerow index method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method showed that the soils were in the degree of heavy pollution, whereas the potential ecological risk index showed that the soils were classified as moderate potential ecological risk. According to the analysis of contents and risk assessment of heavy metals in contaminated soil, the farmland soil was contaminated by a variety of heavy metals, with Cd pollution the most serious. There was some degree of heavy metal risk to the farmland soil. Each evaluation method has its advantages. The appropriate method for evaluating heavy metal pollution of soil should be carefully chosen based on the evaluation purpose.
引文
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[2]张淑会,薛向欣,刘然,等.尾矿综合利用现状及其展望[J].矿冶工程, 2005, 25(3):44-47.ZHANG Shu-hui, XUE Xiang-xin, LIU Ran, et al. Current situationand prospect of the comprehensive utilization of mining tailings[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2005, 25(3):44-47.
[3]吴德礼,朱申红,王铮.国内外矿山尾矿综合利用现状与思考[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报, 2001, 22(4):84-87.WU De-li, ZHU Shen-hong, WANG Zheng. Status quo and sugges-tions on comprehensively utilizing mining tailings at home and abroad[J]. Journal of Qingdao Institute of Architecture and Engineering, 2001,22(4):84-87.
[4]刘敬勇.矿区土壤重金属污染及生态修复[J].中国矿业, 2006, 15(12):66-69.LIU Jing-yong. Heavy metal pollution and ecological remediation ofsoils in mining area[J]. China Mining, 2006, 15(12):66-69.
[5]杨金浩.铅锌矿尾矿库环境现状及综合治理对策[J].南方农机,2015, 46(11):78-80.YANG Jin-hao. Environmental status and comprehensive control mea-sures of Pb-Zn tailing pond[J]. Southern Agricultural Machinery,2015, 46(11):78-80.
[6] Li Z, Ma Z, van der Kuijp T J, et al. A review of soil heavy metal pollu-tion from mines in China:Pollution and health risk assessment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 468-469:843-853.
[7]彭景,李泽琴,侯家渝.地积累指数法及生态危害指数评价法在土壤重金属污染中的应用及探讨[J].广东微量元素科学, 2007, 14(8):13-17.PENG Jing, LI Ze-qin, HOU Jia-yu. Application and discussion ofgeo-accumulation index and ecological risk index in soil heavy metalpollution[J]. Guangdong Trace Elements Science, 2007, 14(8):13-17.
[8]祝培甜,赵中秋,陈勇,等.江苏省某镇土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境工程学报, 2017, 11(4):2535-2541.ZHU Pei-tian, ZHAO Zhong-qiu, CHEN Yong, et al. Evaluation ofsoil heavy metals pollution in a town, Jiangsu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2017, 11(4):2535-2541.
[9]陆泗进,何立环,王业耀.湖南省桂阳县某铅锌矿周边农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].环境化学, 2015, 34(3):591-592.LU Si-jin, HE Li-huan, WANG Ye-yao. Pollution and ecological riskassessment of heavy metals in agricultural soil around a Pb-Zn tailingpond in Guiyang, Hunan Province[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015,34(3):591-592.
[10]刘玥.寺沟铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染评价研究[J].中国西部科技, 2008, 33(7):22-23.LIU Yue. Study on soil heavy metal pollution in Sigou coal mine area[J]. Science and Technology of West China, 2008, 33(7):22-23.
[11]窦磊,周永章,王旭日,等.针对土壤重金属污染评价的模糊数学模型的改进及应用[J].土壤通报, 2007, 38(1):101-105.DOU Lei, ZHOU Yong-zhang, WANG Xu-ri, et al. Improvement andapplication of a fuzzy mathematical model for assessment of heavymetal pollution in soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2007, 38(1):101-105.
[12]中华人民共和国环境保护部. HJ/T 166—2004土壤环境监测技术规范[S].北京:中国环境出版社, 2004.Ministry of Environmental Protection. HJ/T 166—2004 Technicalspecification for soil environmental monitoring[S]. Beijing:China En-vironmental Press, 2004.
[13] Xiao R, Wang S, Li R H, et al. Soil heavy metal contamination andhealth risks associated with artisanal gold mining in Tongguan,Shaanxi, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017,141:17-24.
[14]中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1121.6—2006土壤检测第6部分:土壤有机质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2006.Ministry of Agriculture of PRC. NY/T 1121.6—2006 Soil testing part6:Method for determination of soil organic matter[S]. Beijing:ChinaStandards Press, 2006.
[15]中华人民共和国环境保护部. GB 15618—2018土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国环境出版社, 2018.Ministry of Environmental Protection. GB 15618—2018 Environmen-tal quality standard for soils[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Press,2018.
[16]施择,孙鑫,宁平,等.云南新平铜尾矿库周边土壤重金属污染评价[J].矿冶, 2014, 23(4):92-96.SHI Ze, SUN Xin, NING Ping, et al. Assessment of heavy metals pollu-tion in soil in copper tailing dam region of Xinping, Yunnan Province[J]. Mining and Metallurgy, 2014, 23(4):92-96.
[17]邓琴,吴迪,秦樊鑫,等.铅锌矿区土壤重金属含量的调查与评价[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 28(3):34-37.DENG Qin, WU Di, QIN Fan-xin, et al. Survey and evaluation ofheavy metal contents in Pb-Zn area[J]. Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences), 2010, 28(3):34-37.
[18]郑佳佳,姜晓,张晓军.广东大宝山矿区周围土壤重金属污染状况评价[J].环境科学与技术, 2008, 31(11):137-139.ZHENG Jia-jia, JIANG Xiao, ZHANG Xiao-jun. Pollution assess-ment of heavy metals in soil around Dabaoshan polymetallic ore depos-it[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2008, 31(11):137-139.
[19]罗浪,刘明学,董发勤,等.某多金属矿周围牧区土壤重金属形态及环境风险评测[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(8):1523-1531.LUO Lang, LIU Ming-xue, DONG Fa-qin, et al. Speciation distribu-tion characteristics of heavy metals in soil of multi-metal mining pas-toral area and pollution assessment[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(8):1523-1531.
[20] Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aqutic pollution control:Asedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 1980, 14(8):975-1001.
[21] El Azhari A, Rhoujjati A, El Hachimi M L, et al. Pollution and ecologi-cal risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil-plant system and thesediment-water column around a former Pb/Zn-mining area in NEMorocco[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 144(05):464-474.
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