漳泽水库沉积物重金属污染特征与生态风险评价
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摘要
为了揭示漳泽水库表层沉积物重金属的污染特征,在2017年10月对水库16个采样点进行沉积物采集,分析了表层沉积物中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Hg和As共6种重金属的含量,并对其来源和生态风险进行分析评价。结果表明:漳泽水库6种重金属的平均含量从高到低依次为Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg,且含量均超过山西省土壤背景值;Pearson相关性分析表明,Cu与Hg,Cu与Zn,Pb与Zn,Hg与As之间呈正相关性(P<0.05),Cd与其他5种重金属之间的相关性不显著(P>0.05)。通过主成分分析发现,主成分1由Cu、Pb、Zn构成,主要来自生活或工业污水;主成分2由Hg和As构成,主要来源于工农业废水及人类活动影响;主成分3为Cd,污染来自化石燃料燃烧等工业和农药、化肥使用的农业活动污染影响。地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法结果均显示漳泽水库沉积物中Cd和Hg污染最严重,对潜在生态风险指数的贡献率比较大,生态风险高,是主要污染物,需要引起高度关注。
In order to reveal the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Zhangze Reservoir, sediments were collected from 16 sampling sites of the Reservoir in October 2017, and contents of total 6 heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and As) in surface sediments were analyzed, and its sources and ecological risks were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: the average contents of the six heavy metals in Zhangze Reservoir were in the order of Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg, which all exceeded the soil background values in Shanxi Province; Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between Cu and Hg, Cu and Zn, Pb and Zn, Hg and As(P<0.05), and there was no significant correlation between Cd and the other five heavy metals(P>0.05); the principal component analysis results showed that the main component 1 consisted of Cu, Pb and Zn which were mainly from domestic or industrial sewage, the main component 2 consisted of Hg and As, which were mainly from industrial and agricultural water and human activities, and the main component 3 was Cd which was from the fossil fuel combustion and other industries and agricultural activities using pesticides and fertilizer; both the geological accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method showed that the Cd and Hg pollution in the sediments of the Zhangze Reservoir was the strongest, and had a high contribution rate to potential ecological risk index and high ecological risk, and they were the main pollutants and should be highlighted.
In order to reveal the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Zhangze Reservoir, sediments were collected from 16 sampling sites of the Reservoir in October 2017, and contents of total 6 heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and As) in surface sediments were analyzed, and its sources and ecological risks were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: the average contents of the six heavy metals in Zhangze Reservoir were in the order of Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg, which all exceeded the soil background values in Shanxi Province; Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between Cu and Hg, Cu and Zn, Pb and Zn, Hg and As(P<0.05), and there was no significant correlation between Cd and the other five heavy metals(P>0.05); the principal component analysis results showed that the main component 1 consisted of Cu, Pb and Zn which were mainly from domestic or industrial sewage, the main component 2 consisted of Hg and As, which were mainly from industrial and agricultural water and human activities, and the main component 3 was Cd which was from the fossil fuel combustion and other industries and agricultural activities using pesticides and fertilizer; both the geological accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method showed that the Cd and Hg pollution in the sediments of the Zhangze Reservoir was the strongest, and had a high contribution rate to potential ecological risk index and high ecological risk, and they were the main pollutants and should be highlighted.
引文
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[16] 赵庆令,李清彩,谢江坤,等.应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].岩矿测试,2015,34 (1):129-137.
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[20] 王永刚,伍娟丽,王旭,等.北京市中心城河流表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(6):74-80.
[2] Kaushik A, Kansal A, Santosh,et al. Heavy metal contamination of river Yamuna, Haryana, India: assessment by metal enrichment factor of the sediments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 164 (1):265-270.
[3] zhana P,Hu R J,Zhu L H, et al. Distributions and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of western Laizhou Bay:implications for the sources and influencing factors[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017,119(1):429-438.
[4] Liu J J,Xu Y Z, Chen Y X, et al.Occurrence and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Xiangjiang River, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017,24(3):271-2723.
[5] Oycwale A O,Musa I. Pollution assessment of the lower basin of Lakes Kainji/Jebba, Nigeria: heavy metal status of the waters,sediments and fishes[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Henlth, 2006, 28 (3):273-281.
[6] Hiller E,Jurkovi C L, Sutriepka M.Metals in the surface sediments of selected water reservoirs,Slovakia[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010, 84:635-640.
[7] Xiao R, Bai J, Gao H,et al.Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in water and soils from the college town in the Pearl River Delta, China[J].Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 2012, 40:1167-1173.
[8] 钟震,王海燕,孔秀琴,等.松花江表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].环境工程技术学报,2018,8(1):28-38.
[9] 杨玉峰,梁浩亮,范开文,等.惠州海域沉积物重金属污染与潜在生态风险[J].海岸工程,2018,37(1):80-88.
[10] Mir SI, Rarim MA,A Mohamad Idris, et al. Assessment of heavy metal contents in surface sediment of the tungguk river surrounding the industrial complex of gebeng city[J].Bioreserch Communications, 2017,3(1):362-371.
[11] Hiller E,Jurkovi CL, Sutriepka M.Metals in the surface sediments of selected water reservoirs,Slovakia[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010, 84:635-640.
[12] 洪坚平,姚海平,刘纪平,等.山西漳泽水库淤泥资源利用的分析与评价[J].水土保持学报,2006(6):153-156.
[13] 陈启斌,樊贵盛.山西省漳泽水库水环境综合治理总体方案[J].人民黄河,2011,33(4): 79-81.
[14] 陈启斌,樊贵盛. 漳泽水库水环境要素的时空变化特征研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(1):14-19.
[15] 史崇文,赵玲芝,郭新波.山西土壤元素背景值及其特征[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1994,9(2):189-196.
[16] 赵庆令,李清彩,谢江坤,等.应用富集系数法和地累积指数法研究济宁南部区域土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].岩矿测试,2015,34 (1):129-137.
[17] 徐争启,倪师军,席先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008, 31(2); 112-115
[18] Li F, Huang J H, Zeng G M, et al. Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments form the Dongting Lake,Middle China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2013,132:75-83.
[19] Wang L, Long X X, Chong Y X, et al. Potential risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments dining the denitrification process enhanced by calcium nitrate addition:effect of AVS residual[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,87:333-339.
[20] 王永刚,伍娟丽,王旭,等.北京市中心城河流表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(6):74-80.
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