我国页岩气重点建产区开发进展、环保现状及对策建议
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摘要
页岩气开发的环境问题和社会影响一直存在着争议。在分析我国页岩气重点建产区开发现状的基础上,从生态环境、水资源、地表水环境、地下水环境、大气环境和固体废物等方面对页岩气开发环境保护现状进行了分析,梳理出了存在的主要环境问题,进而有针对性地提出了2个方面的环境保护对策建议:(1)加强环境监管体系顶层设计,推进规划环评,规范环评管理,建设大数据平台;(2)以页岩气重点建产区为示范,深入开展页岩气开发环境保护基础研究,攻克污染防治关键技术装备。以期能为我国页岩气开发与环境保护、环境管理提供参考依据。
There has always existed disputes on environmental issues and social impacts brought by the shale gas development.Based on the analysis on the current development situation in China's key shale gas construction areas,the environmental protection status in shale gas development are analyzed from aspects of ecological environment,water resources,surface water environment,groundwater environment,atmospheric environment and solid waste. The major environmental issues brought by current shale gas development are sorted. Two targeted suggestions on environmental protection are proposed.First,the government shall strengthen the top-level design on environmental supervision system,promote environmental impact assessment to shale gas project planning,regulate management on environmental impact assessment and set up a Big Data platform. Second,China shall promote basic research on environmental protection relating to shale gas development and develop key technologies and equipment for pollution control,with key shale gas construction areas as demonstration. This paper aims to provide some references on environmental protection,and environmental management for the shale gas development in China.
There has always existed disputes on environmental issues and social impacts brought by the shale gas development.Based on the analysis on the current development situation in China's key shale gas construction areas,the environmental protection status in shale gas development are analyzed from aspects of ecological environment,water resources,surface water environment,groundwater environment,atmospheric environment and solid waste. The major environmental issues brought by current shale gas development are sorted. Two targeted suggestions on environmental protection are proposed.First,the government shall strengthen the top-level design on environmental supervision system,promote environmental impact assessment to shale gas project planning,regulate management on environmental impact assessment and set up a Big Data platform. Second,China shall promote basic research on environmental protection relating to shale gas development and develop key technologies and equipment for pollution control,with key shale gas construction areas as demonstration. This paper aims to provide some references on environmental protection,and environmental management for the shale gas development in China.
引文
[1]张金川,徐波,聂海宽,等.中国页岩气资源勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):136-140.
[2]闫存章,黄玉珍,葛春梅,等.页岩气是潜力巨大的非常规天然气资源[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):1-6.
[3]李建忠,董大忠,陈更生,等.中国页岩气资源前景与战略地位[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):11-16.
[4]孔令峰,杨震,李华启.中国页岩气开发管理创新研究[J].天然气工业,2018,38(1):142-149.
[5]马新华.四川盆地天然气发展进入黄金时代[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):1-10.
[6]马新华.天然气与能源革命——以川渝地区为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):1-8.
[7]吕连宏,张型芳,庞卫科,等.实施《页岩气发展规划(2016—2020年)》对环境影响研究[J].天然气工业,2017,37(3):132-138.
[8]王世谦.页岩气资源开采现状、问题与前景[J].天然气工业,2017,37(6):115-130.
[9]陆辉,卞晓冰.北美页岩气开发环境的挑战与应对[J].天然气工业,2016,36(7):110-116.
[10]张大伟.加强中国页岩气资源管理的思路框架[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):115-118.
[11]杨德敏,喻元秀,梁睿,等.我国页岩气开发环境影响评价现状、问题及建议[J].天然气工业,2018,38(8):119-125.
[12]孙海芳,王长宁,刘伟,等.长宁-威远页岩气清洁生产实践与认识[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):105-111.
[13]梁睿,童莉,向启贵,等.中国页岩气开发的环评管理及建议[J].天然气工业,2014,34(06):135-140.
[14]闫力源,卢培利,张虹,等.重庆页岩气潜在开发区环境特征及保护建议[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(6):74-78.
[15]冯连勇,邢彦姣,王建良,等.美国页岩气开发中的环境与监管问题及其启示[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):102-105.
[16]肖钢,白玉湖.基于环境保护角度的页岩气开发黄金准则[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):98-101.
[17]钱伯章,李武广.页岩气井水力压裂技术及环境问题探讨[J].天然气与石油,2013,31(1):48-54.
[18]夏玉强.Marcellus页岩气开采的水资源挑战与环境影响[J].科技导报,2010,28(18):103-110.
[19]Office of fossil energy and national energy technology laboratory,US department of energy. modern shale gas development in the United States:A primer[R]. Oklahoma:Gound Water Protection Council,2009.
[20]Gaudlip A A W,Paugh L O,Hayes T.Marcellus shale water management challenges in pennsylvania[R]. Fort Worth:SPE Shale Gas Production Conference,November 16-18,2008,Fort Worth,Texas,USA,2008,doi:10.2118/119898-MS.
[21]钟琰,方军毅.涪陵国家级页岩气产能示范区开发过程中的生态环境保护[J].中国石油石化,2017,7:34-35.
[22]Yang Hong,Huang Xianjin,Yang Qingyuan,et al. Water requirements for shale gas fracking in fuling,chongqing,southwest China[J].Energy Procedia,2015,76:106-112.
[23]Fagan M N.Resource depletion and technical change:Effects on US crude oil finding costs from 1977 to 1994[J].The Energy Journal,1997,18(4):91-105.
[24]Alkouh A B,Mcketta S F,Wattenbarger R A.Estimation of fracture volume using water flowback and production data for shale gas wells[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,30 September-2 October 2013,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166279-MS.
[25]丁贞玉,刘伟江,周颖,等.美国页岩气开采的水环境监管经验研究[J].油气田环境保护,2013,23(3):4-8.
[26]Zelenev A S,Zhou H,Ellena L,et al.Microemulsion-assisted fluid recovery and improved permeability to gas in shale formations[R].SPE,2010.
[27]EPA(Environmental Protection Agency).Study of the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources[R].Washington DC:EPA,2012.
[28]张虹,张代钧,卢培利.重庆市页岩气开采的浅层地下水污染风险评价[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2016-2024.
[29]Howarth R W,Santoro R,Ingraffea A.Methane and the greenhousegas footprint of natural gas from shale formations[J]. Climatic Change,2011,106(4):679-690.
[30]王楠.页岩气开发环境问题研究[J].当代经济,2013,01:62-65.
[31]王玲,熊永生.水平井压裂技术下的页岩气开发环境影响研究[J].生态经济,2013,275(12):118-120.
[32]黄维巍,周泽军,何勇,等.页岩气开发油基钻屑真空热解资源化处理[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4783-4788.
[33]NenS,Brebu M,Vasile C,et al.Copyrolysis of scrap tires with oily wastes[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2012,94:184-189.
[2]闫存章,黄玉珍,葛春梅,等.页岩气是潜力巨大的非常规天然气资源[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):1-6.
[3]李建忠,董大忠,陈更生,等.中国页岩气资源前景与战略地位[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):11-16.
[4]孔令峰,杨震,李华启.中国页岩气开发管理创新研究[J].天然气工业,2018,38(1):142-149.
[5]马新华.四川盆地天然气发展进入黄金时代[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):1-10.
[6]马新华.天然气与能源革命——以川渝地区为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):1-8.
[7]吕连宏,张型芳,庞卫科,等.实施《页岩气发展规划(2016—2020年)》对环境影响研究[J].天然气工业,2017,37(3):132-138.
[8]王世谦.页岩气资源开采现状、问题与前景[J].天然气工业,2017,37(6):115-130.
[9]陆辉,卞晓冰.北美页岩气开发环境的挑战与应对[J].天然气工业,2016,36(7):110-116.
[10]张大伟.加强中国页岩气资源管理的思路框架[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):115-118.
[11]杨德敏,喻元秀,梁睿,等.我国页岩气开发环境影响评价现状、问题及建议[J].天然气工业,2018,38(8):119-125.
[12]孙海芳,王长宁,刘伟,等.长宁-威远页岩气清洁生产实践与认识[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):105-111.
[13]梁睿,童莉,向启贵,等.中国页岩气开发的环评管理及建议[J].天然气工业,2014,34(06):135-140.
[14]闫力源,卢培利,张虹,等.重庆页岩气潜在开发区环境特征及保护建议[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(6):74-78.
[15]冯连勇,邢彦姣,王建良,等.美国页岩气开发中的环境与监管问题及其启示[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):102-105.
[16]肖钢,白玉湖.基于环境保护角度的页岩气开发黄金准则[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):98-101.
[17]钱伯章,李武广.页岩气井水力压裂技术及环境问题探讨[J].天然气与石油,2013,31(1):48-54.
[18]夏玉强.Marcellus页岩气开采的水资源挑战与环境影响[J].科技导报,2010,28(18):103-110.
[19]Office of fossil energy and national energy technology laboratory,US department of energy. modern shale gas development in the United States:A primer[R]. Oklahoma:Gound Water Protection Council,2009.
[20]Gaudlip A A W,Paugh L O,Hayes T.Marcellus shale water management challenges in pennsylvania[R]. Fort Worth:SPE Shale Gas Production Conference,November 16-18,2008,Fort Worth,Texas,USA,2008,doi:10.2118/119898-MS.
[21]钟琰,方军毅.涪陵国家级页岩气产能示范区开发过程中的生态环境保护[J].中国石油石化,2017,7:34-35.
[22]Yang Hong,Huang Xianjin,Yang Qingyuan,et al. Water requirements for shale gas fracking in fuling,chongqing,southwest China[J].Energy Procedia,2015,76:106-112.
[23]Fagan M N.Resource depletion and technical change:Effects on US crude oil finding costs from 1977 to 1994[J].The Energy Journal,1997,18(4):91-105.
[24]Alkouh A B,Mcketta S F,Wattenbarger R A.Estimation of fracture volume using water flowback and production data for shale gas wells[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,30 September-2 October 2013,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166279-MS.
[25]丁贞玉,刘伟江,周颖,等.美国页岩气开采的水环境监管经验研究[J].油气田环境保护,2013,23(3):4-8.
[26]Zelenev A S,Zhou H,Ellena L,et al.Microemulsion-assisted fluid recovery and improved permeability to gas in shale formations[R].SPE,2010.
[27]EPA(Environmental Protection Agency).Study of the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources[R].Washington DC:EPA,2012.
[28]张虹,张代钧,卢培利.重庆市页岩气开采的浅层地下水污染风险评价[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2016-2024.
[29]Howarth R W,Santoro R,Ingraffea A.Methane and the greenhousegas footprint of natural gas from shale formations[J]. Climatic Change,2011,106(4):679-690.
[30]王楠.页岩气开发环境问题研究[J].当代经济,2013,01:62-65.
[31]王玲,熊永生.水平井压裂技术下的页岩气开发环境影响研究[J].生态经济,2013,275(12):118-120.
[32]黄维巍,周泽军,何勇,等.页岩气开发油基钻屑真空热解资源化处理[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4783-4788.
[33]NenS,Brebu M,Vasile C,et al.Copyrolysis of scrap tires with oily wastes[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2012,94:184-189.
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