熔融富铌渣电解提铌的试验研究
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摘要
为实现富铌渣中铌资源电化学选择性还原和分离,采取熔融氧化物电解技术,对含铌SiO_2-CaO-FeO-Nb_2O_5渣体系进行电解试验,以研究电解电势、熔渣组成等因素对富铌渣电化学还原率的影响。结果表明:熔融氧化物电解可实现含铌熔渣中铌资源的提取;铌还原率随着电解电势的增大而提高,随着熔渣中Nb_2O_5和FeO含量增加而降低。通过对熔渣电解过程的分析并结合电化学还原原理,建立了富铌渣电化学还原过程中的控制方程,揭示了降低气氛氧分压、提高电解电势、选择合适的熔渣体系等途径提高电化学还原效率的规律,为富铌渣中铌资源的电化学提取分离提供理论依据。
The known technology of molten oxide electrolysis is applied to electrochemical selective reduction and separation of the niobium from the complex multiphase Nb-enriched slag,and the molten oxide electrolysis experiment of the selected SiO_2-CaO-FeO-Nb_2O_5 slag system has been carried out to investigate the effects of electrolysis potential and slag composition on the electrochemical reduction rate of Nb-enriched slag. The results indicated that the extraction of niobium from Nb-enriched slag can be achieved by molten oxide electrolysis. The reduction rate of niobium increased with the increase of electrolysis potential,and decreased with the increase of Nb_2O_5 content and FeO content in slag. Through the analysis of slag electrolysis process and on the basis of principle of electrochemical reduction,the control equations for the process of electrochemical reduction of Nb-enriched slag were established. The law of reducing the oxygen partial pressure,increasing the electrolysis potential,selecting the appropriate slag system and so on to improve electrochemical reduction efficiency was revealed, which provided a theoretical basis for the electrochemical extraction and separation of Nb from molten Nb-enriched slag.
The known technology of molten oxide electrolysis is applied to electrochemical selective reduction and separation of the niobium from the complex multiphase Nb-enriched slag,and the molten oxide electrolysis experiment of the selected SiO_2-CaO-FeO-Nb_2O_5 slag system has been carried out to investigate the effects of electrolysis potential and slag composition on the electrochemical reduction rate of Nb-enriched slag. The results indicated that the extraction of niobium from Nb-enriched slag can be achieved by molten oxide electrolysis. The reduction rate of niobium increased with the increase of electrolysis potential,and decreased with the increase of Nb_2O_5 content and FeO content in slag. Through the analysis of slag electrolysis process and on the basis of principle of electrochemical reduction,the control equations for the process of electrochemical reduction of Nb-enriched slag were established. The law of reducing the oxygen partial pressure,increasing the electrolysis potential,selecting the appropriate slag system and so on to improve electrochemical reduction efficiency was revealed, which provided a theoretical basis for the electrochemical extraction and separation of Nb from molten Nb-enriched slag.
引文
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[18]张国华,周国治,李丽芬,等.钢液中电化学脱氧新方法[J].钢铁,2010,45(5):30-32.
[2] OKABE T H,PARK I,JACOB K T,et al. Production of niobium powder by electronically mediated reaction(EMR)using calcium as a reductant[J]. Journal of Alloys&Compounds,1999,288(1):200-210.
[3]ZHOU H M,ZHENG S L,ZHANG Y. Kinetic investigations on the leaching of niobium from a low-grade niobium-tantalum ore by concentrated KOH solution[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2004,12(2):202-207.
[4]肖巍,朱华,尹华意,等.熔盐电化学低碳冶金新技术研究[J].电化学,2012,18(3):193-200.
[5] SADOWAY D R. New opportunities for metals extraction and waste treatment by electrochemical processing in molten salts[J]. Journal of Materials Research,1995,10(3):487-492.
[6] WANG D,GMITTER A J,SADOWAY D R. Production of oxygen gas and liquid metal by electrochemical decomposition of molten iron oxide[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2011,158(6):51-54.
[7] LIU J H,ZHANG G H,CHOU K C. Electrolysis of molten Fe Ox-containing CaO-Al2O3-SiO2slags under constant current field[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2015,162(12):314-318.
[8] TAKENAKA T, MATSUO H, KAWAKAMI M. Direct production of Ti-Fe alloy in liquid by electrowinning in molten slag[J]. ISIJ,2011,51(11):1762-1765.
[9]SIRK H C,SADOWAY D R,SIBILLE L. Direct electrolysis of molten Lunar regolith for the production of oxygen and metals on the moon[J]. ECS Transactions,2010,28(6):367-373.
[10]张捷宇,许继芳,盛敏奇,等.一种铌精矿熔融氧化物电解制备铌铁合金的方法:201310095516. 4[P]. 2013-03-25.
[11]许继芳,杨莹,翁文凭,等.含铌渣熔融氧化物电解制备铌合金研究[J].上海金属,2018,40(1):67-71.
[12]鲁雄刚,丁伟中,李福燊,等. Wagner极化法对熔渣电子电导的研究[J].金属学报,2001,37(2):184-188.
[13]高运明,郭兴敏,周国治.短路还原法提取铁的研究[J].金属学报,2006,42(1):87-92.
[14]许继芳,张捷宇,阮飞,等.高氧含量下的渣金间外加直流电场脱氧研究[C]//第四届宝钢学术年会论文集. 2010:169-172.
[15]LU X G,DING W Z,LI F S,et al. Electrochemistry of oxygen ion transport in slag[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2002,12(2):326-329.
[16]ZHANG G H,CHOU K C,LI F S. Deoxidation of liquid steel with molten slag by using electrochemical method[J]. ISIJ,2014,54(12):2767-2771.
[17] XU J F,ZHANG J Y,LI J C,et al. Study on transport of oxygen through CaO-MgO-Al2O3slag from molten ultra-low carbon steel by Chronoamperometry[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2012,19(S):1141-1144.
[18]张国华,周国治,李丽芬,等.钢液中电化学脱氧新方法[J].钢铁,2010,45(5):30-32.
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